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Terrorism and international law PDF

397 Pages·1997·2.584 MB·English
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Terrorism and international law The proliferation of terrorist activity has provoked an increase in the body of law, at both national and international level, which has sought to counter and prevent it. The bodies involved in this process range from the UN Security Council to government legislatures. This book is the first to address in one volume the wide variety of responses to terrorism as they exist in both international and domestic contexts. It also represents the first ever comprehensive collection of documents concerning terrorism to be found in the laws of the UK and France, as well as in international law. Terrorism and International Law comprises contributions by fourteen well-known authorities in the area of international, French and UK law, and is divided into four main sections: international cooperation against terrorism, the French and British responses to terrorism, the limits of state action and a documentary supplement. The contributors have sought to show how international and domestic law can be used together to combat the multi-faceted problems which terrorism raises. The issue of human rights is also discussed, with particular reference to the jurisprudence of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights. The documentary section of the book provides coverage of international treaties, UN resolutions, UK and French legislation, case-law and official statements relating to terrorism. This book provides an invaluable source of commentary and reference material in the area of terrorism and international and domestic law which will be useful for the practitioner, diplomat, student and teacher. Rosalyn Higgins has been a Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics and is currently a member of the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Maurice Flory is Emeritus Professor of International Law at the University of Aix-en-Provence. Books published under the joint imprint of LSE/Routledge are works of high academic merit approved by the Publications Committee of the London School of Economics and Political Science. These publications are drawn from a wide range of academic studies in the social sciences for which the LSE has an international reputation. Terrorism and international law Edited by Rosalyn Higgins and Maurice Flory London and New York First published 1997 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. © 1997 Selection and editorial matter, Rosalyn Higgins and Maurice Flory; individual chapters © the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-42936-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-73760-1 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-11606-6 (Print Edition) Contents Notes on contributors vii Preface xi Part I Introductory 1 The economic analysis of terrorism 3 Jacques Bourrinet 2 The general international law of terrorism 13 Rosalyn Higgins 3 International law: an instrument to combat terrorism 30 Maurice Flory Part II Cooperation against terrorism 4 International cooperation against terrorism and the development of international law principles of jurisdiction 43 David Freestone 5 Legal aspects of terrorism at sea 68 Glen Plant 6 Cooperation between Member States of the European Community in the fight against terrorism 97 Claude Gueydan Part III French and British responses 7 Managing terrorism the British way 125 David Schiff 8 France’s responses to terrorism 144 Jacques Borricand v vi Contents 9 Terrorism and extradition: a British perspective 166 Leonard Leigh 10 Terrorism and extradition: a French perspective 185 Henri Labayle Part IV The limits of State action 11 International action against State terrorism 201 Yves Daudet 12 The jurisprudence of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights with regard to terrorism 217 Patrice Jean 13 The rights of victims and liability of the State 251 Thierry S.Renoux and André Roux Annexes 1 International treaties 267 2 United Nations resolutions 326 3 Cases 335 4 Domestic legislation and official statements 367 Index 375 Contributors Jacques Borricand is a Professor at the University of Aix-Marseille, where he teaches criminal science. He is the Director of the Institut de Sciences Pénales et de Criminologie in Aix-en-Provence and also Director of the Laboratoire sur la Délinquance et les Déviances. He has published several works and numerous articles, and has worked abroad and organised a number of conferences. He is a consultant for the Council of Europe. Jacques Bourrinet is a Professor at the University of Aix-Marseille III, Jean Monnet Chairholder in European Economic Integration, Director of the Centre of International and European Study and Research, and Member of the European University Council for the Jean Monnet Project Brussels. His publications include ‘Des mythes et des réalités’ in G.Feuer (ed.) Les relations Communauté européenne—Etats-Unis (ed., 1987); Les Etats ACP face au marché unique européen (1994); ‘L’accord relatif aux sauvegardes’ in Th.Flory La Communauté européenne et le GATT (1995); Les relations extérieures de l’Union européenne (in collaboration with L.Balmond) (1995); ‘Les insuffisances socioéconomiques de l’Etat-Nation moderne et les impératifs de son insertion dans un processus d’intégration économique régionale’ in C.Philip and P.Soldatos (eds) Au-delà et en deçà de l’Etat-Nation (1996). Yves Daudet graduated from the University of Paris and became Professor at the universities of Bordeaux and Aix-Marseille. His different postings include the Caribbean, Morocco, Ivory Coast and Mauritius. He is currently Professor of International Law at the University of Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne). He is a member of the editorial board of Annuaire Français de Droit International. Among various publications, he is the editor of five books dealing with recent activities of the United Nations. Maurice Flory was born in 1925. He was Professor of International Law at the University of Rabat (Morocco) 1952–56 and then at the University of Aix-Marseille 1956–93. He was Cultural Counsellor of the French Embassy in Morocco 1967–71 and also Director of the Centre de recherches et d’études sur les Sociétés méditerranéennes, Aix (Centre vii viii Contributors national de la recherche scientifique), 1971–84. He has remained Emeritus Professor at the University of Aix-Marseille since his retirement in 1993. He is the author of Le statut des Gouvernements réfugiés et le cas de la France Libre (1952); Souveraineté des Etats et coopération pour le développement (1974); Droit international du développement (1977); L’Organisation des Nations-Unies (1956–95). David Freestone is Legal Adviser, Environment, at The World Bank, Washington, DC. Prior to this appointment he held, and still retains, a Personal Chair in International Law at the University of Hull. In 1985 he founded and is now Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, His current research has been in international and marine environmental law and his recent books include International Law and Climate Change (ed. with Robin Churchill, 1991) and The Precautionary Principle and International Law (ed. with Ellen Hey, 1996). Claude Gueydan is Lecturer in Law at the University of Aix-Marseille III, where he is also Assistant Director of the Institut International du Droit de l’Audiovisuel. He specialises in European law and media law. His recent publications include Grands textes de droit communautaire et de l’Union européenne (Dalloz, 1996), with Louis Dubois; ‘La règlementation et le contrôle des campagnes électorales radiotélévisées en France’, in Les campagnes électorales radiotélévisées, ed. G.Drouot (Economica 1995); Publicité et audiovisuel, ed. with C.Debbasch (Economica 1993); and ‘La politique migratoire de la Communauté économique européenne’, in Liberté de circulation des personnes en droit international, eds M.Flory and R.Higgins (Economica 1988). Rosalyn Higgins was Professor of International Law at the University of London from 1981 to 1995. She has written on international legal theory, immunities from jurisdiction, United Nations law, and the United Nations. Her publications include UN Peacekeeping (4 vols, 1969–1981) and Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It (1994). She is now a Judge at the International Court of Justice. Patrice Jean has since 1968 been maître de conférences at the Faculty of Law of the University of Aix-Marseille. Originally specialising in constitutional law, in recent years he has concentrated on human rights. His recent publications include ‘Le contenu de la liberté de circulation’ in Liberté de circulation des personnes en droit international, eds M.Flory and R.Higgins (Economica 1988); Aide humanitaire internationale: un consensus conflictuel?, ed. M.Domestici-Met (Economica 1996). Henri Labayle was born in 1954. He is Professor of Public Law at the University of Pau, Dean of the Faculty of Bayonne and Jean Monnet Chairholder in European Law. He has written on human rights, law of aliens, European law, terrorism and international law (AFDI 1986). His Contributors ix recent publications include The third pillar of the European Union’, Revue de sciences criminelles 1995; and Cooperation in the fields of justice and home affairs (Dalloz, forthcoming). Leonard Leigh is Professor of Criminal Law at the University of London (London School of Economics). He was formerly Lecturer and Reader in Law at the LSE. He was a member of the Canadian Government Task Force on Securities Regulation from 1974 to 1978. His major publications include Control of Commercial Fraud (1982) and Police Powers in England and Wales (2nd edn, 1985). Glen Plant practises as a consultant and barrister. He graduated in Jurisprudence from New College, Oxford, and holds an MA from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, a PhD from London University and the Hague Academy’s Diploma in International Law. He has served as a legal adviser in the UN and in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (which he represented at the negotiations leading to the terrorism treaty of which he writes in this volume) and has taught at London and Durham Universities and the Fletcher School. Thierry Renoux and André Roux are Professors at the University of Aix- Marseille. They are specialists in constitutional and international law and they teach in the Faculty of Law and in the Institut d’Etudes Politiques d’Aix en Provence. They work in the field of the protection of human rights. Together they have written L’administration de la justice en France (PUF 1994) and La Cour de justice de la République (PUF 1995). Thierry Renoux is the author of Le Conseil constitutionnel et l’autorité judiciaire (Economica 1984); L’indemnisation publique des victimes d’attentats (Economica 1988); and Code constitutionnel (Litec 1995). André Roux has written La protection de la vie privée (Economica 1983) and Droit méditerranéen de l’environnement (Economica 1988). David Schiff is Senior Lecturer in law at the LSE, where he has been teaching since 1973. Currently his major research interests are miscarriages of justice, and law, freedom and obligation. Recent publications on these themes include ‘Miscarriages of Justice: A Systems Approach’ (58 Modern Law Review 1995, with R.Nobles) and ‘Freedom According to Law’ (LSE on Freedom, ed. Eileen Barker, LSE Books 1995).

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