Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe PDF
Preview Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe
Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe Edited by Wilfried Swenden and Bart Maddens Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe Also by Wilfried Swenden FEDERALISM AND SECOND CHAMBERS: Regional Representation in Parliamentary Federations: The Australian Senate and German Bundesrat Compared FEDERALISM AND REGIONALISM IN WESTERN EUROPE: A Comparative and Thematic Analysis Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe Edited by Wilfried Swenden Lecturer in Politics University of Edinburgh, UK and Bart Maddens Associate Professor of Political Science Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium Editorial matter,selection,introduction and conclusion © Wilfried Swenden and Bart Maddens 2009 All remaining chapters © respective authors 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-52162-9 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House,6-10 Kirby Street,London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England,company number 785998,of Houndmills,Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom,Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-35651-5 ISBN 978-0-230-58294-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230582941 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.Logging,pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Territorial party politics in Western Europe / [edited by] Wilfried Swenden and Bart Maddens. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Political parties—Europe,Western. 2. Europe,Western—Politics and government. I. Swenden,Wilfried. II. Maddens,Bart. JN94.A979T44 2009 324.2094—dc22 2008030662 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 Contents List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Acknowledgements x List of Contributors xii Abbreviations xv Introduction Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe: A Framework For Analysis 1 Wilfried Swenden and Bart Maddens 1 Towards a Regionalization of Statewide Electoral Trends in Decentralized States? The Cases of Belgium and Spain 31 Kris Deschouwer 2 Territory and Electoral Politics in Germany 47 Dan Hough and Michael Koß 3 Rediscovering the Region: Territorial Politics and Party Organizations in Germany 63 Klaus Detterbeck and Charlie Jeffery 4 Decentralization and Party Organizational Change: The Case of Italy 86 Jonathan Hopkin 5 Decentralization and Party Organizational Change: The British and Spanish Statewide Parties Compared 102 Elodie Fabre and Mónica Méndez-Lago 6 Devolution and Party Organization in the UK: Statewide Parties and Statewide–Regional Branch Relations over Candidate Selection in Scotland and Wales 119 Jonathan Bradbury 7 Splitting the Difference: The Radical Approach of the Belgian Parties 145 Frederik Verleden v vi Contents 8 Authority in Multilevel Parties: A Principal–Agent Framework and Cases from Germany and Spain 167 Pieter van Houten 9 Governing Strategies in Multilevel Settings: Coordination, Innovation or Territorialization? 183 Irina S¸tefuriuc 10 How Statewide Parties Cope with the Regionalist Issue: The Case of Spain; A Directional Approach 204 Bart Maddens and Liselotte Libbrecht 11 Statewide Parties and Regional Party Competition: An Analysis of Party Manifestos in the United Kingdom 229 Elodie Fabre and Enric Martínez-Herrera Concluding Observations 249 Wilfried Swenden and Bart Maddens Notes 271 Bibliography 280 Index 300 Tables 0.1 Classification of West European parties on the basis of territorial pervasiveness and participation in elections 10 0.2 Typology of statewide parties based on levels of vertical integration and autonomy of the regional branches 12 0.3 Combination matrix government and opposition 22 1.1 The difference between electoral results in Flanders and Wallonia per major party family (absolute values of the difference between the percentage of votes obtained in Flanders and in Wallonia) 38 1.2 Electoral trends per party family in Flanders and Wallonia (conflicting trends are shaded) 40 1.3 The regional specificity of national elections in Spain (volatility index comparing Autonomous Community with rest of the country) – highest scores per region are shaded 44 2.1 The 2005 Bundestag election in Eastern and Western Germany 52 2.2 The Pedersen Index in Post-1990 Germany 53 2.3 Mean of expected vote share (as a percentage, weighted) 58 2.4 Mean of expected vote share (as a percentage, weighted) at the Land level 59 3.1 The recalibration of German federalism since 1990 68 6.1 Who sets the rules over candidate selection in statewide parties? Locus of significant influence over rule-setting 129 6.2 Who picks the candidates in statewide parties? Locus of significant influence over candidate selection 130 9.1 Dissimilarity index: German federal and regional elections compared (1990–2005) 190 9.2 Dissimilarity index: Spanish national and regional elections compared (1982–2004) 191 9.3 Party composition of the regional parliament in the Canary Islands following the 2003 elections 194 9.4 Party composition of the regional parliament in the Basque Country following the 2005 elections 196 9.5 Party composition of the regional parliament in North Rhine-Westphalia following the 2005 election 198 9.6 Party composition of the regional parliament in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania following the 2006 election 200 vii viii Tables 10.1 Hypothetical scenarios of the strategic positioning of two statewide parties in regional elections with regard to the regionalist issue 207 10.2 Support for regionalist parties in regional elections in the Spanish autonomous communities (percentage of valid votes) 210 10.3 Position of regionalist parties in eight regions and percentage of vote for regionalist and statewide parties in the 1998–99 elections 213 10.4 Salience of the regionalist issue 217 10.5 Directional certainty 221 11.1 Results of statewide and regional elections in Scotland and Wales, 1997–2003 (% of vote and number of seats) 233 11.2 Issue salience in the manifestos of the British statewide parties, 1997–2003 237 11.3 Divergence of the parties’ issue profiles between consecutive statewide and regional elections and between concurrent regional elections 239 11.4 Party profiles on the regionalist issue, 1997–2003 (salience as a percentage of the whole manifesto) 242 11.5 Word count of references to national identity (British, Scottish and Welsh) (figures in per thousand out of the total number of words in the manifesto) 246 Figures 1.1 The dissimilarity between general/statewide election results per party family in Flanders and Wallonia (1956–2007) 37 1.2 Territorial heterogeneity of the major statewide parties in Spain (CRII values) 43 1.3 Heterogeneity of electoral swings in Spain 45 2.1 Regional heterogeneity in Germany, 1949–2005 54 2.2 Regional heterogeneity in Germany, 1949–2005: all parties 55 2.3 Regional heterogeneity in Germany, 1949–2005: Left-Right 56 10.1 Directional intensity on the institutional dimension 223 10.2 Directional intensity on the identity dimension 224 ix
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