Terrestrial and marine archeological remote sensing and archeological monitoring : Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Salem, Massachusetts

206 Pages·1995·52.9 MB·English

by  Alterman, Michael L.

F
74
.Sl
~ ~~~s M MARITIME NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
1 ·,TRIAL AND MARINE ARCHEOLOGICAL REMOTE SENSING
AND ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING
SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS
May 1995
\
\
/
r~
£1
At-Ill
lCjtl
..
TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE ARCHEOLOGICAL REMOTE SENSING
AND ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING
SALEM MARITIME NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS
•
By
Michael L. Alterman, Bruce Bevan, and J. Lee Cox, Jr .
•
Prepared for the National Park Service by:
The Cultural Resource Group
Louis Berger & Associates, Inc.
t
100 Halsted Street
East Orange, New Jersey 07019
Under Contract CX-2000-8-0011
Task Order Nos. 29 and 38
l
Principal Investigators:
Michael L. Alterman, Ph.D., Louis Berger & Associates, Inc.
and
Dana C. Linck, National Park Service
Government Technical Representative:
Douglas C. Comer, Ph.D., Chief
Eastern Applied Archeology Center
National Park Service, Denver Service Center
12200-A Plum Orchard Drive
Silver Spring, Maryland 20904
August 1992
Revised May 1995
•
•
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
•
This project could not have been successfully completed without the cooperation of numerous
individuals and organizations. Louis Berger & Associates, Inc., particularly acknowledges the
support of Salem Maritime National Historic Site and the park's superintendent, Cynthia
Pollock. Dana C. Linck, Archeologist with the National Park Service, Denver Service Center,
Eastern Applied Archeology Center, provided overall direction of the project and served as
LBA's principal contact and the Contracting Officer's Representative. Dick Ping Hsu,
Archeologist with the NPS North Atlantic Regional Office, along with Mr. Linck, offered
suggestions for conducting the remote sensing project and archeological ground truthing. Debbie
• Hilbert of the Salem Project provided background information and facilitated communication
among the various NPS divisions.
Dr. Michael L. Alterman served as Project Manager for LBA and was responsible for
coordinating the remote sensing surveys and supervising the archeological monitoring and
testing. The marine remote sensing survey was conducted for LBA by Dolan Research, Inc.,
with Lee Cox as Principal Archeologist. The terrestrial remote sensing investigation was
performed by Dr. Bruce Bevan, Geosight. Archeological monitoring and ground truthing were
performed by LBA archeologists Timothy Sara and Dale Sadler, under Dr. Alterman's
supervision. Dr. Alterman was responsible for summarizing the remote sensing studies and
evaluating archeological potential; his interpretations of archeological sensitivity do not
necessarily reflect NPS opinion or policy. The technical studies by Dr. Bevan and Mr. Cox,
which are summarized in Chapter IV, appear as appendices to this report.
i

•
TABLE OF CONTENTS
•
CHAPTER PAGE
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
List of Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
I INTRODUCTION ............................... . 1
n
PROJECT SETTING ............................. . 3
ITI LAND-USE HISTORY ............................ . 9
A. Historical Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
B. Archeological Preservation Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
IV ARCHEOLOGICAL REMOTE SENSING PROJECT ......... . 21
A. Introduction ............................... . 21
B. Marine Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1. Technical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2. Results ............................... . 23
C. Terrestrial Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1. Technical Approach ....................... . 26
2. Results ............................... . 28
D. Ground Truthing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
v
ARCHEOLOGICAL MONITORING ................... . 41
VI ARTIFACT ANALYSIS ........................... . 53
VII SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............... . 57
VITI REFERENCES ................................. . 61
ARTIFACT CATALOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
APPENDIX A: Underwater Remote Sensing Survey . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
APPENDIX B: Terrestrial Remote Sensing Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
iii

•
LIST OF FIGURES
•
FIGURE PAGE
1 Location of Salem Maritime National Historic Site . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3 The Project Area, Circa 1851 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4A Archeological Base Map 17
4B Archeological Base Map 19
5 Bathymetric Boundary Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Location of Shovel Tests, South of Derby· Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7 Selected Shovel Test Profiles, Transect A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8 Location of Shovel Tests Excavated North of Derby Street . . . . . . . 34
9 Soil Profiles, Shovel Tests D-3, E-2, and F-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
10 Soil Profiles, Shovel Tests G-1 and G-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11 Soil Profiles, Shovel Tests H-1 and H-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
12 Soil Profiles, Shovel Tests 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
13 Location of Geotechnical Borings and Test Pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
14 Historic Wharf Remnant Exposed in Test Pit 1, Central Wharf . . . . . 45
15 South Profile, Test Unit 4, Derby Wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
iv
UST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1 Soil Profile, Boring B-2 ........................... . 41
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE PAGE
1 View North to U.S. Custom House and Derby Street Properties
from the East Side of Central Wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2 View South to Salem Harbor with East Side of Central Wharf
in Foreground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 View North to Derby Street Across West Side of Derby Wharf ..... 25
4 View of "Derby Beach" Area, Foot of Kosciusko Street ........ . 25
5 Conductivity Survey in Progress at the Head of Derby Wharf, with
the Custom House in Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
6 Historic Wharf Remains Exposed in Test Pit 1, Central Wharf . . . . . 46
7 Historic Wharf Remains Exposed in Test Pit 4, Derby Wharf ..... . 50
8 Section of Timber Join from Derby Wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
v