TEORI EKONOMI MIKRO - ieupnyk.com

262 Pages·2012·4.14 MB·English

TEORI EKONOMI MIKRO
DOSEN:
DR. ARDITO BHINADI, SE., M.SI
JURUSAN ILMU EKONOMI, FAKULTAS EKONOMI,
UPN “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA
2013
RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN SEMESTER ( RPS)

Program Studi /Jurusan : EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN/ILMU EKONOMI
Matakuliah / Kode : TEORI EKONOMI MIKRO /
SKS / Semester : 3 (tiga x 50 menit)/ II (dua)
Mata Kuliah Prasyarat : Ekonomi Mikro Pengantar
Dosen : Dr. H. Ardito Bhinadi, M.Si

I.Deskripsi Mata Kuliah:
Matakuliah ini membahas sejumlah teori ekonomi mikro dari teori konsumen, teori produsen,
berbagai bentuk pasar dan eksternalitas.

II.Kompetensi Umum :
Pada akhir perkuliahan mahasiswa diharapkan mampu memahami dan menjelaskan model-model
ekonomi, pilihan dan permintaan, produksi dan penawaran, pasar kompetitif, kekuatan pasar,
penetapan harga di pasar input, dan kegagalan pasar.

III. Analisis Instruksional
Terlampir

IV. Strategi Pembelajaran :
Pembelajaran menggunakan metoda ceramah dan diskusi dengan harapan muncul sensitifitas
mahasiswa terhadap masalah mikro ekonomi. Materi perkuliahan didasarkan pada beberapa buku
dan studi kasus yang harus difahami oleh mahasiswa. Dosen menyampaikan materi dalam bentuk
dalam power point. Media yang digunakan adalah papan tulis, LCD, dan Laptop.

V. Rencana Pembelajaran Mingguan

Pertemuan Kompetensi Pokok/Sub-pokok Metoda Media Metoda Referensi
Ke Bahasan Pembelajaran Pembelajaran Evaluasi
Mahasiswa Model-Model Ceramah dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch1
1 mampu Ekonomi diskusi LCD, Laptop, kuis/umpan
(Satu) memahami balik
berbagai model
ekonomi.
Mahasiswa Preferensi dan Mahasiswa Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 3
2 mampu Utilitas Presentasi, LCD, Laptop, kuis/umpan
(Dua) memahami Ceramah dan balik
preferensi dan diskusi
utilitas
konsumen.
Mahasiswa Efek Substitusi dan Mahasiswa Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 5
3 mampu efek Pendapatan Presentasi, LCD, Laptop, kuis/umpan
(Tiga) substitusi dan Ceramah dan balik
pendapatan. diskusi

Mahasiswa Hubungan Mahasiswa Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 6
4 mampu Permintaan Antar Presentasi, LCD, Laptop, kuis/umpan
(Empat) memahami Barang Ceramah dan balik
hubungan diskusi
permintaan antar
barang.
1
Mahasiswa Fungsi-Fungsi Mahasiswa Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 9
5 mampu Produksi Presentasi, LCD, Laptop, kuis/umpan
(Lima) memahami Ceramah dan balik
fungsi-fungsi diskusi
produksi
Mahasiswa Fungsi-Fungsi Mahasiswa Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 10
6 mampu Biaya. Presentasi, LCD, Laptop, kuis/umpan
(Enam) memahami Ceramah dan balik
fungsi-fungsi diskusi
biaya.
Mahasiwa Maksimisasi Laba Mahasiswa Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 11
7 mampu Presentasi, LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Tujuh) menghitung Ceramah dan
maksimisasi Diskusi
laba.
Ujian Tengah Semester
Pertemuan Kompetensi Pokok/Sub-pokok Metoda Media Metoda Referensi
Ke Bahasan Pembelajaran Pembelajaran Evaluasi
Mahasiwa Model Persaingan Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 12
8 mampu Keseimbangan Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Delapan) memahami Parsial
model
persaingan
keseimbangan
parsial.
Mahasiwa Keseimbangan Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 13
9 mampu Umum dan Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Sembilan) memahami Kesejahteraan
keseimbangan
umum dan
kesejahteraan.
Mahasiwa Monopoli Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 14
10 mampu Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Sepuluh) memahami
monopoli.
Mahasiwa Persaingan Tidak Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 15
11 mampu Sempurna Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Sebelas) memahami
persaingan tidak
sempurna.
Mahasiwa Pasar Tenaga Kerja Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 16
12 mampu Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Dua Belas) memahami pasar
tenaga kerja
Mahasiwa Asimetris Informasi Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 18
13 mampu Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Tiga Belas) memahami
informasi
asimetris.
2
Mahasiwa Eksternalitas dan Diskusi dan Papan tulis, Pertanyaan Ch 19
14 mampu Barang Publik Kuis LCD, Laptop umpan balik
(Empat memahami
Belas) eksternalitas dan
barang publik.

Ujian Akhir Semester

1. Sumber Referensi

Nicholson, Walter and Christopher Snyder, 2008. Microeconomic Theory, Basic Principles and
Extensions, Tenth Edition, Thomson South-Western, United Stated of America.

2. Komponen Penilaian

1.Ujian Tengah Semester = 30%
2.Ujian Akhir Semester = 30%
3.Partisipasi Kelas = 20%
4.Tugas-Tugas = 20%

3
Microeconomic Theory
Chapter 1
Basic Principles and Extensions, 9e
ECONOMIC MODELS
By
WALTER NICHOLSON

Slides prepared by
Linda Ghent
Eastern Illinois University
Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 1 2
Theoretical Models Verification of Economic Models
• Economists use models to describe • There are two general methods used to
economic activities verify economic models:
–direct approach
• While most economic models are • establishes the validity of the model’s
abstractions from reality, they provide assumptions
–indirect approach
aid in understanding economic behavior
• shows that the model correctly predicts real-
world events
3 4
1
Verification of Economic Models Features of Economic Models
• We can use the profit-maximization model • Ceteris Paribus assumption
to examine these approaches
–is the basic assumption valid? do firms really • Optimization assumption
seek to maximize profits?

• Distinction between positive and
–can the model predict the behavior of real-world
normative analysis
firms?

5 6
Ceteris Paribus Assumption Optimization Assumptions
• Ceteris Paribus means “other things the • Many economic models begin with the
same” assumption that economic actors are
• Economic models attempt to explain rationally pursuing some goal
simple relationships –consumers seek to maximize their utility
–focus on the effects of only a few forces at a –firms seek to maximize profits (or minimize
time costs)
–other variables are assumed to be unchanged –government regulators seek to maximize
during the period of study public welfare
7 8
2
Optimization Assumptions Positive-Normative Distinction
• Optimization assumptions generate • Positive economic theories seek to
precise, solvable models explain the economic phenomena that
is observed

• Optimization models appear to be
• Normative economic theories focus on
perform fairly well in explaining reality
what “should” be done
9 10
The Economic Theory of Value The Economic Theory of Value
• Early Economic Thought • The Founding of Modern Economics
–“value” was considered to be synonymous –the publication of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of
with “importance” Nations is considered the beginning of modern
economics
–since prices were determined by humans,
it was possible for the price of an item to –distinguishing between “value” and “price”
differ from its value continued (illustrated by the diamond-water
paradox)
–prices > value were judged to be “unjust”
• the value of an item meant its “value in use”
• the price of an item meant its “value in exchange”
11 12
3
The Economic Theory of Value The Economic Theory of Value
• Labor Theory of Exchange Value • The Marginalist Revolution
–the exchange values of goods are determined by –the exchange value of an item is not determined
what it costs to produce them by the total usefulness of the item, but rather
• these costs of production were primarily affected by the usefulness of the last unit consumed
labor costs • because water is plentiful, consuming an additional
• therefore, the exchange values of goods were unit has a relatively low value to individuals
determined by the quantities of labor used to produce
them
–producing diamonds requires more labor than
producing water
13 14

The Economic Theory of Value Supply-Demand Equilibrium
• Marshallian Supply-Demand Synthesis
Price
–Alfred Marshall showed that supply and demand Equilibrium S
Q = Q The supply curve has a positive
simultaneously operate to determine price D s slope because marginal cost
rises as quantity increases
–prices reflect both the marginal evaluation that
consumers place on goods and the marginal P*
costs of producing the goods The demand curve has a
negative slope because
• water has a low marginal value and a low marginal the marginal value falls as
D
cost of production  Low price quantity increases
• diamonds have a high marginal value and a high
Quantity per period
marginal cost of production  High price Q*
15 16
4
Supply-Demand Equilibrium Supply-Demand Equilibrium
q = 1000 - 100p • A more general model is
D
qS = -125 + 125p qD = a + bp
Equilibrium  q = q q = c + dp
D S S

1000 - 100p = -125 + 125p Equilibrium  q = q
D S

225p = 1125
a + bp = c + dp
p* = 5

ac
q* = 500 p*
db
17 18
Supply-Demand Equilibrium Supply-Demand Equilibrium
A shift in demand will lead to a new equilibrium: Price An increase in demand...

S
…leads to a rise in the
Q’ = 1450 - 100P
D equilibrium price and
Q’ = 1450 - 100P = Q = -125 + 125P 7 quantity.
D S
5
225P = 1575
P* = 7
D’
Q* = 750 D
500 750 Quantity per period
19 20
5
The Economic Theory of Value The Economic Theory of Value
• General Equilibrium Models • The production possibilities frontier can
–the Marshallian model is a partial be used as a basic building block for
equilibrium model general equilibrium models
• focuses only on one market at a time • A production possibilities frontier shows
–to answer more general questions, we the combinations of two outputs that
need a model of the entire economy can be produced with an economy’s
• need to include the interrelationships between resources
markets and economic agents
21 22
A Production Possibility Frontier A Production Possibility Frontier
Quantity of food Opportunity cost of • The production possibility frontier
(weekly)
clothing = 1/2 pound of food
reminds us that resources are scarce
10 • Scarcity means that we must make
9.5
choices
Opportunity cost of
4 clothing = 2 pounds of food –each choice has opportunity costs
2
–the opportunity costs depend on how much
of each good is produced
3 4 12 13 Quantity of clothing
(weekly)
23 24
6