Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: Proceedings of the International Conference, held at Lisbon, Portugal, 8–12 April 1991

1437 Pages·1991·93.412 MB·English

by  Dr. Nuno Ribeiro da Silva (auth.), A. Luque, G. Sala, W. Palz, G. Dos Santos, P. Helm (eds.)

TenthE.C.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference
Commision of the European Communities
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Tenth E.C.
Photovoltaic Solar
Energy Conference
Proceedings of the International Conference,
held at Lisbon, Portugal,
8-12 April 1991
Edited by
A. LUQUE
Universidad Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
G.SALA
Universidad Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
W.PALZ
Commission o/the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium
G. DOS SANTOS
Secretaria de Estado da Energia, Lisbon, Portugal
and
P.HELM
WIP, Munich, F.R. Germany
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON
ISBN ~7923-1389-5
Publication arrangements by
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation, Scientific and
Technical Communications Service, Luxembourg
EUR 13807
© 1991 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg
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INTRODUCTION
I have great pleasure in presenting the Proceedings of the 10th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy
Conference held in Lisbon from 8 to 12 April 1991. These Proceedings contain all the scientific papers delivered
at the Conference. The following is a short summary of the Conference activities.
The Conference was opened by the Minister of Industry and Energy of Portugal, Eng. Luis Mira do Amaral.
At the opening ceremony the Becquerel Prize, created by the Commission of the European Communities, was
awarded to Professor Werner Bloss of the University of Stuttgart, and presented by Professor Philippe Bourdeau,
Director at the Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development. The Becquerellecture delivered by
Professor Bloss constituted the scientific opening to the conference.
About 760 delegates from 53 countries presented around 350 contributions, 50 of them as plenary lectures;
the contributions were selected among the many papers submitted, this time more strictly than ever before. Also a
selected group of scientists were invited to deliver 15 review lectures, to provide an adequate context to the
contributions to the Conference.
A Symposium on Photovoltaics in Developing Countries, which was very well attended, took place as a
parallel event. The Symposium provided an opportunity to hear not only experts of the industrialized countries,
but also speakers from the countries where photovoltaics provides services of paramount value.
The now-traditional Panel Discussion, chaired by Professor Gerry Wrixon, dealt this time with the topic
"Are we prepared for mass production of PV electricity?". A lively discussion took place beween those who
considered that the growth of PV electricity must be left solely to market forces, and those who asked for a
"Manhattan project" (some delegates found the comparison objectionable owing to the warlike connotations of this
name).
The Exhibition of the Photovoltaic Industry brought together 43 companies, whose activities varied from
photovoltaic manufacturing equipment and the preparation of basic semiconductor material, through cell
fabrication, to companies involved in power systems and in measuring equipment.
As usual the work in the Conference Hall lobbies, where informal meetings take place, was as interesting as
that in the auditoria; to make it even more animated, a daily newspaper - The Conference News - containing
topical articles and interviews, was issued under the leadership of Alain Liebard.
At the Summaries session, the most important conclusions on every subject were presented by the session
organizers, and those concerning the Exhibition by Mr. Fred Treble. From this session and that on National
Programmes, it appeared clearly that we are witnessing today a stronger commitment of big corporations, in
particular European ones, to the development of photovoltaics as well as the industrialization of concepts
developed in recent years in the academic sector.
At the closing session the Mouchot Prize was awarded to Dr. Wolfgang Palz, head of the Renewable Energy
Programme of the Commission of the European Communities, the inspirer of this series of conferences, in
recognition of his outstanding contribution to the promotion of photovoltaics. The prize was presented by the
President of Eurosolar, Dr. Hermann Scheer, Member of the German Parliament. The laudatio of the awardee
was delivered by Mr. A. Liebard, Chairman of the "Comite d'Action pour Ie Solaire". The session was closed by
the Secretary of State for Energy of Portugal, Dr. Nuno Ribeiro da Silva.
The next European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, the 11th in this series, will take place at
Montreux, Switzerland, on the 12 to 16 October 1992 under the chairmanship of Professor Leopoldo Guimariies.
Madrid, 15 May 1991
Antonio Luque, General Chairman
v
Sponsored by:
Commission of the European Communities
Ministerio da Industria e Energia
Secretaria de Estado da Energia
Co-sponsored by:
UNESCO
Academia das Ciencias
Direc~iio Geral de Energia
Petroleos de Portugal, Petrogal SA
Daimler-Benz AG
Neste Polimeros, SA
Caixa Geral de Depositos
Camara Municipal de Lisboa
Eurosolar
EPIA
Collaborating Entities:
Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial
Sociedade Portuguesa Acumuladores Tudor
Portsol
Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Direc~iio Geral da Comunica~iio Social
Instituto de Promo~iio Turistica
Sociedade Portuguesa de Energia Solar
Instituto Superior Tecnico
Conference Organiser:
WIP-Munich
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CONFERENCE COMMmeE
General Chairman
Prof. A. Luque, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Technical Programme Chairmen
Prof. l. GuimarAes, Univ. Nova, Lisbon, Portugal
Prof. G. Wrixon, NMRC, Cork, Ireland
Conference Director
Dr. W. Palz, CEC, Brussels, Belgium
Conference Secretariat
Prof. G. Sala, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Mrs. A. Baubin, CEC, Brussels, Belgium
International Organisation, Administration I exhibition
Dipl. Ing. H. Ehmann, WIP, Munich, F. R. Germany
Mrs. H. Riegel, WIP, Munich, F. R. Germany
Local Organisation
Prof. R. Martins, Univ. Nova, Lisbon, Portugal
Eng. E. Fortunato, Univ. Nova, Lisbon, Portugal
Posters
Dr. H. W. Schock, Univ. Stuttgart, F. R. Germany
Prof. R. Martins, Univ. Nova, Lisbon, Portugal
STEERING COMMmeE
Prof. W. H. Bloss, Univ. Stuttgart, F. R. Germany
Prof.l.J.M. Guimaraes, Univ. Nova, Lisbon, Portugal
Dipl. Ing. P. Helm, WIP, Munich, F. R. Germany
Prof. R. Hill, Newcastle Polytechnic, UK
Prof. A. Luque, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Dr. W. Palz, CEC, Brussels, Belgium
Dr. M. Reis, CEC, Brussels, Belgium
Prof. G. Sala, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Eng. G. dos Santos, Secretaria de Estado da Energia, Lisbon,
Portugal
Dr. H. Scheer, Eurosolar, Bonn, F. R. Germany
Prof. R. Van Overstraeten, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
Prof. G. T. Wrixon, NMRC, Cork, Ireland
COMMmeE SYMPOSIUM PV
IN DEVELDPING COUNTRIES
Chairman:
Prof. R. Hill, Newcastle Polytechnic, UK
Prof. W. Bloss, Univ. Stuttgart, F. R. Germany
Prof. l. GuimarAes, Univ. Nova, Lisbon, Portugal
Dipl. Ing. P. Helm, WIP, Munich, F. R. Germany
Prof. E. Lorenzo, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Dr. B. McNelis, IT Power, Eversley, UK
SESSION ORGANISERS
Subj. 1: Prof. G.l. Araujo, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Subj. 2: Prof. R. Mertens, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
Subj. 3: Prof. I. Solomon, Ecole Polytech., Palaiseau, France
Subj. 4: Prof. W. Bloss, Univ. Stuttgart, F. R. Germany
Subj. 5: Dr. J. Schmid, Fraunhofer Inst., Freiburg, F. R. Germany
Subj. 6: Dr. S. McCarthy, Hyperion Energy Syst., Cork, Ireland
Subj. 7: Prof. R. Hill, Newcastle Polytechnic, UK
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NATIONAL COMMITTEE
Eng. Gonyalves dos Santos,
Adviser to the Secretary of State for Energy
Chairman of the National Committee
Prof. Rodrigo Martins, Universidade Nova, Usbon
Prof. Collares Pereira,
Portuguese Center for Energy Saving, Usbon
Prof. AntOnio Valera, Faculty of Sciences, Usbon
Prof. JoAo Bessa, University of Oporto
Dr. Pedro Paes, LNETI, Usbon
Eng. Elvira Fortunato, Universidade Nova, Usbon
Eng. Penaforte e Costa, DirecyAo Geral de Energia, Usbon
Prof. Traya de Almeida, University of Coimbra
HONORARY COMMITTEE
Prof. A. Cavaco Silva,
Prime Minister of Portugal,
President of the Honorary Committee
On. Filippo Maria Pandolfi,
Vice President of the CEC,
E. C. Commissioner for Science and Technology
Eng. A. Cardoso e Cunha,
E. C. Commissioner for Energy
Eng. Luis Mira Amaral,
Minister for Industry and Energy
Eng. Valente de Oliveira,
Minister for Planning and Regional Administration
Eng. Roberto Carneiro,
Minister for Education
Prof. Paolo Fasella,
General Director for Science, Research and Development,
DGXII,CEC
Dr. Nuno Ribeiro da Silva,
Secretary of State for Energy
Prof. Sucena Paiva,
Secretary of State for Science and Technology
Eng. Alves Monteiro,
Secretary of State for Industry
Prof. Veiga SimAo,
President of National Laboratory of Engineering and Industrial
Technology, LNETI
Eng. CustOdio Miguens,
General Director for Energy, DGE
Prof. Carlos Salema,
President of National Institute for Research, Science and
Technology, JNICT
Prof. Azeredo PerdigAo,
President of Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
Prof. Leopoldo GuimarAes,
President of Uninova
Prof. Jacinto Nunes,
President of Portuguese Science Academy
Dr. Helena Vaz da Silva,
Portuguese Commissioner for UNESCO
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SCIENTlFlC COMMITTEE
Prof. V. M. Andreev,lOFFE Physical Tech. Inst., Leningrad, USSR
Prof. G. L. AraOjo. Univ. Politecnica, Madrid. Spain
Dr. C. E. Backus, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ., USA
Mr. C. Baraona, NASA Lewis Res. Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
Dr. A. M. Barnett, AstroPower, Newark, DE, USA
Dr. G. Beer, Con phoebus, Catania, Italy
Dr. B. Berkovski. Div. of Technological Res. and Higher
Education, UNESCO, Paris, France
Dr. B. Bini Smaghi, CEC, Brussels. Belgium
Prof. W. H. Bloss, Univ. Stuttgart, F. R. Germany
Dr. E. C. Boes, Sandia Nat. Lab .• Albuquerque. N.M., USA
Dr. K. P. Bogus, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
Mr. R. Buhs, Telefunken Systemtechnik, Wedel, F. R. Germany
Dr. J. Cap ilion, EDF, Chatou, France
Dr. D. E. Carlson, Solarex, Newton, PA, USA
Dr. A. M. de Andrade. Escola Politec .• Univ. Slio Paulo, Brazil
Prof. B. Equer, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
Dr. W. Freiesleben, Eurosolar, Brussels, Belgium
Prof. J. Furlan, Fac. Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia
Dr. R. Gislon. ENEA, Rome, Italy
Prof. A. Goetzberger, Fraunhofer Inst., Freiburg, F. R. Germany
Dr. J. G. Grabmaier, Siemens, Munich, F. R. Germany
Prof. M.A. Green, Univ. New South Wales, Australia
Prof. L.J.M. Guimarl1es, Univ. Nova, Usbon, Portugal
Prof. Y. Hamakawa, Univ. Osaka, Japan
Dr. D. Helmreich, Heliotronic, Burghausen, F. R. Germany
Prof. R. Hill, Newcastle Polytechnic, UK
Mr. M. S. Imamura, WIP, Munich, F. R. Germany
Mr. W. Kaut. CEC, Brussels. Belgium
Dr. L. L. Kazmerski. SERI. Golden, CO. USA
Dr. H. Kiess, Paul Scherrer Inst., Lab. RCA, Zurich. Switzerland
Prof. W. Kleinkauf, ISET, Kassel, F. R. Germany
Dr. K. Krebs, CEC, JRC, Ispra, Italy
Dr. Y. Kuwano, Sanyo ElectriC, Osaka, Japan
Prof. D. Lalas, CRES, Athens, Greece
Prof. E. Lorenzo, Univ. Politecnica, Madrid, Spain
Prof. R. Martins, Univ. Nova, Usbon, Portugal
Prof. H. Matsunami, Univ. Kyoto, Japan
Dr. S. McCarthy, Hyperion Energy Systems, Cork. Ireland
Mr. B. McNelis, IT Power. Eversley, UK
Prof. R. Mertens, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
Dr. C. Messana, ENEA, Rome, Italy
Mr. G. Oelert, GTZ, Eschborn, F. R. Germany
Mr. A. Previ, ENEL, Milan, Italy
Dr. M. B. Prince, US Dept. of Energy, Washington, DC, USA
Prof. D. Rapakoulias, Univ. Patras, Greece
Prof. T. Saitoh, Univ. of Agric., Tokyo, Japan
Mr. F. Sanchez. CIEMAT-IER, Madrid, Spain
Mr. A. Sauze, CEN/CEA, Cadarache, France
Dr. H. Scheer, Eurosolar, Bonn, F. R. Germany
Dr. J. Schmid. Fraunhofer Inst. ISE, F. R. Germany
Dr. H. W. Schock, Univ. Stuttgart, F. R. Germany
Prof. A. V. Shah, Univ. Neuchatel, Switzerland
Prof. Y. Shapira, Univ. Tel-Aviv, Israel
Dr. P. Siffert, CRN-PHASE, Strasbourg, France
Prof. I. Solomon, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
Prof. D. S. Strebkov, VIESH, USSR
Mr. F. C. Treble, Farnborough, UK
Dr. M. Umeno, Dept. of Elec. and Computer Eng., Japan
Prof. W. F. van der Weg, Univ. Utrecht, The Netherlands
Prof. R. van Overstraeten, IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
Dr. C. VElrie, CNRS, Valbonne, France
Dr. G. Willeke, Univ. Konstanz, F. R. Germany
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Alphabetical List of Authors at the end of the book
Introduction v
Conference Sponsors vi
Conference Committee vii
Opening Session
Opening Address 3
Dr. Nuno Ribeiro da Silva
Secretary of State for Energy, Lisbon, Portugal
Speech on the Occasion of the Mouchot Prize Award
Dr. W.Palz 5
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium
SESSION 01: Fundamentals, High Efficiency Cells and Novel Devices
01.02 Efficiency of a Combined Solar Concentrator Cell and Thennal Power Engine System 11
Goetzberger A., Bronner W., Wettling W.
Fraunhofer Inst. ISE, Freiburg, F.R Germany
01.03 Holographic Optical Elements for the Constrnction of Tandem Cells 15
Herz K., Corlatan D., Anders G., Schafer M.
ZSW, Stuttgart, F.R Germany
01.04 Light Trapping with Submicron Gratings in thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 19
Kiess H., Epler J.E., Gale M.T., Krausbauer L., MorfR, Rehwald W.
Paul Scherrer Inst., Zurich, Switzerland
01.05 A Technology-Based Comparison Between Two-Sided and Back-Contact Silicon Solar Cells 23
Cuevas A.
Inst. Energia Solar, UPM, Madrid, Spain
Sinton RA.
Sun Power Corp., Mountain View, CA, USA
KingRR
Georgia Inst. Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
01.06 DeVelopment of a Polysilicon Emitter Solar Cell 27
Papadopoulos G., Tarr N.G.
Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada
BoivinL.P.
Nat. Res. Council, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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POSTER SESSION IA: Fundamentals, High Efficiency Cells and Novel Devices
IAOI Emitter-base Coupling in Highly Illuminated Solar Cells and Applications in OCVD
Technique 33
Pelanchon F.
CEDUST, Damascus, Syria
BoeglinE.
ISSAT, Damascus, Syria
Mialhe P.
Univ. Perpignan, France
IA02 Lifetime and Surface Recombination Detennination 36
Mialhe P.
Univ. Perpignan, France
Salagnon J.M., Pelanchon F.
ISSAT, Damascus, Syria
Sissoko G., Kane M.
Univ. Dakar, Senegal
IA03 Reduction ofR eflection Losses by Structured Surfaces 39
Scheydecker A, Goetzberger A, Wittwer V.
Fraunhofer Inst. ISE, Freiburg, F.R. Germany
IA04 The I-V Silicon Solar Cell Characteristic Parameters Temperature Dependence -An
Experimental Study Using the Standard Deviation Method 43
Veissid N.
Inst. Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
De Andrade AM.
Univ. Sao Paulo, Brazil
IA05 Sizing of Light Confining Cavities for GaAs and Si Solar Cells 48
Tobias I., Luque A, Miftano J.C., Alonso J.
Inst. Energia Solar, UPM, Madrid, Spain
IA06 AIGaAs-GaAs Solar Cells with Increased Radiation Stability 52
Andreev V.M., Kalinovskii V.S., Sulima O.V.
AF.Ioffe Physico-Technical Inst., Leningrad, USSR
IA07 New Techniques in Solar Cell Theory 55
Markvart T.
Univ. Southampton, UK
IA08 Organic Solar Cells - A Survey 58
Bonnet D., Volkheimer J.
Battelle Inst., FrankfurtlMain, F.R. Germany
IA09 Optimization ofA ntireflection Film Structures for Surface-Passivated Crystalline Silicon
Solar Cells Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry 62
Saitoh T., Kamataki 0., lida S.
Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
IAll The Influence of Surface Recombination on the Limiting Efficiency and Optimum Thickness
of Silicon Solar Cells 66
Demesmaeker E., Symons J., Nijs J., Mertens R.
IMEC, Leuven, Belgium
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