Tennessee Native Plant Society newsletter

2015·0.53 MB·English

by  Tennessee Native Plant Society

1
NEWSLETTER OF THE
TENNESSEE NATIVE
ri//.\
PLANT
SOCIETY
Volume 39 Number2 June 2015
,
TNPS
Returns to Linden Tennessee Flora
Project Complete
Valley for Annual Meeting T
M he Guide to the Vascular
ake yourplans for the TNPS annual meeting, September 11-13, PpluabnltisshoefdTaennndeasvsaeielaisblneotwo the
becausewe return to one ofthe society’s favorite gatheringplaces.
generalpublic. It represents the
LindenValley Baptist Confer-
final chapter ofthe Flora 200
ence Centers, located on the Buffalo River
project that commemorates the
south of Linden.
100th anniversary of Gat-
The conference centerprovides com-
tinger’s Flora ofTennessee and
fortable accommodations, as well as quiet,
a Philosophy ofBotanypub-
natural surroundings and a riverwalk. lished in 1901. The new Ten-
Please fill out your registration form nessee flora is a large book,
on page three. You will not be sent an-
two inches thick, with each
other mailing before the meeting.
page measuring 7x10 inches. It
This year’s activities will begin on Fri-
A contains over 800 pages and
day evening, September 11. socialwill
retails for $49.95.
be held starting at p.m. central. Follow-
5 The Guide provides keys as
ing supper at the conference center dining
well as plant habitat, distribu-
hall, AllanTrentlywillprovide aprgram
tion, frequency ofoccurrence,
about the westTennessee natural areas
and flowering time for the
from Reelfoot Lake down to Shelby
2,878 known species and lesser
County and all theway over to Stillhouse taxa inTennessee. The plants in
Hollow Falls SNA in Maury County.
this book are not illustrated.
Highlights willfocus onrareplants and
There are introductory chap-
interestingplant communities.
ters describing the physical en-
Saturday’s field trip will leave about 9
vironment, botanical history,
a.m. With BartJones leading, we willven-
and vegetation ofTennessee.
ture across the Tennessee River tovisit Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra). See refer- The botanical history chapter
Nine-acre Glade, the largest ofall the Sil- ence onpage (Photo byBartJones)
7.
urian limestone hill barrens. Many state Continuedonpage3
rareplants are found here, ofwhich slender blazing star (Liatris cylindracea)^
blue sage (Salviaazurea var. grandiflora), and silky barrens aster (Symphy-
otrichumpretense) should be in flower.
Several recreational activities will be available at the Centerfor thosewho Don’t Miss the
will not be going on the field trip.
Members are also invited to participate in aphotography show. Artists may Annual Meeting
also sell theirwork.
The annual business meetingwill be held after Saturday’s supper, with a Sept. 11-13
programfollowing about stream mitigation inMay Prairie. ^
2
TNPS Newsletter A Letter from the President
June2015 Vol. 39, No. 2 hope you have been having awonderful spring. It has been a beautiful one in
IEastTennessee. Spring has finished its first outburst ofbeauty. I hope you
This newsletteris apublication ofthe have been able to attend one ofthe great hikes we have had already, with
Tennessee Native Plant Societyand is more to come!
published fourtimes ayear, generallyin
February,June,August, andNovember. Fdowever, spring is also traditionally a time to clean and organize your home.
This seems to happenwith a new burst ofenergy after a long coldwinter. It's
TheTennessee Native Plant Society also an activity that happens with groups too. We need to look at our educational
(TNPS) was foundedin 1978. Its pur- aspect of TNPS and findways to better reach and educate the public.
poses are to assist in the exchange ofin- I was happy to see new members on all ofthe outings that I have attended but
formation andencourage fellowship we should have even more. Recentlywe have beenpresentedwith several oppor-
amongTennessee’s botanists, bothama- tunities to participate in environmental outreach activities. We currentlydo not
teurandprofessional; to promotepublic
have aperson to organize these efforts and getvolunteers to hand out brochures,
education aboutTennessee floraand
answer questions, talk about field trips, and answer questions about ‘Vhatplant
wildplants in general; to provide,
throughpublication ofanewsletteror is that?”.
journal, aformalmeans ofdocumenting The Board met onMay 30 to discuss this and other issues. Itwould bewon-
information onTennessee floraandof derful to have folks volunteerfor each region to manage the booth and get local
informingthepublicaboutwildplants; members to help out. The Boardwill need to be sure to have enough materials
andto promote theprotection anden- foryou to share and distribute. Please contact me at “[email protected]” with
hancement ofTennessee’swildplant your name to add to the volunteer list.
communities. Now in the summertime mode, it is time to register for the annual meeting on
Dues for each calendaryearare; September 11—13 at LindenValley Conference Center inWest Tennessee. Please
Regular; $20 check the details in this issue ofthe newsletter and onthewebsite.
Student; Complimentary
Institution; $50 Thanks to all,
Life; $250 Susan
Dues maybe sent to;
Tennessee Native Plant Society
P.O. Box 159274
TN
Nashville, 37215
Officers Sunny Fleming Replaces Bertha
Susan Sweetser, President
TNPS
Todd Crabtree, Vice-President Chrietzberg on Board
Margie Hunter, Secretary
Lori Emens,Treasurer unny Fleming, a biologistwith the Tennessee Division ofNatural Areas
in the Rare Plant Protection Program, has been named to the TNPS
Directors
Board ofDirectors, replacing Bertha Chrietzburg, who has resigned be-
SunnyFleming
Louise Gregory cause ofill health.
Michelle Haynes Fleming is involved in monitoring federallylisted rare plants inTennessee.
Dennis Horn She has assisted Andrea Bishop by organizing information and facilitating
BartJones various aspects ofthe fieldwork required to monitor rare plants. She has also
LarryPounds assisted in other areas such as prescribed burns and rareplant searches.
JoeyShaw Fder training in botany beganunder the supervision ofDwayne Estes at
Austin Peay State Universitywhere shewas involvedwithprojects onLysi-
Latham Davis, Editor machia and Vitis. She moved to the University ofTennessee at Chattanooga
Please sendcomments ormaterial for to study botanyunderJoey Shaw.
the newslettertoTNPS Newsletter, P.O. Duringher three years atUTC she organized a large collaborative investi-
Box 856, Sewanee,TN 37375 or gation ofthe rare plant species, communities, and non-nativeplant species of
[email protected] the Ocoee River Gorge. She organized more than 10 field botanists and took
TNPSWebsite; leadership ofthe GIS for the project.
www.tnps.org/
3
TNPS Tennessee Flora
2015 Annual Meeting
Guide on Sale
September 11-13, 2015 —
Continued
includes a number ofphotos ofper-
Please complete and return by August 20 sons important to Tennessee botany.
A
glossarywith illustrations and
separate indices offamilies, scientific
Registration fee per person $15.00 # @ $15.00 names, and common names is in-
cluded.
Room: Single or double occupancy for two nights $87.00
The majorplant groups arepre-
sented in the following order: pteri-
Those sharing a room should register dophytes, gymnosperms, monocots,
together. Two checks may be sent. and dicots. Families, genera, and
species within the majorplant
All meals cost $9.50. Please mark total number ofmeals groups are arranged alphabetically.
For the family treatments (the largest
Friday Supper
part ofthe book), the left page
Saturday Breakfast Lunch Supper
header identifies the majorplant
Sunday Breakfast group and the right page header
Meals Total identifies the plant family covered on
Total for Meals and Room those pages. In general the bookfor-
mat is user friendly, with bold type
and ample spacingprovidedwhere
needed to facilitate ease in reading.
Registrant #1 Information:
The glossary, abbreviations, and
symbols are located up frontfor
Name
quick reference.
Address The Guide will be available for
sale at a discount during TNPS
events, including field trips, meet-
Telephone
ings, and specialpresentations. The
Email WoodyPlants ofKentucky and Ten-
Special Needs nessee and the TNPS wildflower
book are also available at a discount.
TNPS does not accept mail orders.
Registrant #2 Information (if sharing a room): All book royalties and income from
book sales will support the many
Name worthyplant conservation and edu-
Address cationprojects ofTNPS.
DennisHorn
Telephone
Email
Special Needs
Mail check(s) payable to TNPS to:
Lorie Emens
9705 Kingsbridge Cove
TN
Lakeland, 38002
Email: [email protected]
4
A
Fine Birthday for the Rare Plant Act
A
thirty (plus)-year reminiscence
byTodd Crabtree
n October of 1978 an article was published in the journal ofthe Ten-
Inessee Academy of Sciences that highlighted the rare vascularplants of
Tennessee. Itlisted 392 species whichwere believed at the time to be
rare in the state. Theywere categorized as either endangered, threatened,
possibly extirpated, or ofspecial concern.
A group ofbotanists calling themselves the Committee forTennessee
Rare Plants (Collins, DeSelm, Evans, Krai, and Wofford) wrote the article
but other botanists contributed to the effort.
Scaly BlazingStar(Liatris squarrosa)
The authors ofthe article realized that this was just the
first step in a longprocess when they stated: "The list . . . workshop the EAF set the passing ofa rareplantprotec-
should be considered tentative. New collections willun- tion bill as theirnumber one priority.
cover additionalplants in need ofprotectionwhile other InJanuary of 1983, Dr. Elsie Quarterman sent a letter to
species will be found to be more common than our current GovernorAlexander, thanking him for having the Depart-
information indicates." ment ofConservation sponsor the workshop. She also re-
The authors also said, "It is also hoped that this publica- quested that he present the issue to the Safe Growth Cabi-
tionwill generate educationalprograms, necessarylegisla- net Councilfor their review. The Rare Plant Committee
tion, public awareness, and general concernfor this signifi- created an outlinewhich the EAF used along with input
cant portion ofTennessee's natural heritage." from the Tennessee Natural Heritage Program to draft a
A first attempt to implement this vision ofprotecting bill. TNPS president Murray Evans issued a letter, which
Tennessee's rare plants was made in 1980. The governor at included a resolution that had been drafted at thework-
the time, LamarAlexander, issued an executive order. shop. This resolutionwas to be signed and distributed to
However, in orderfor the state to be able to enter into a state officials. The resolution began: "Whereas, the at-
cooperative agreementwith the U.S. Fish andWildlife tached undersignedparticipants in the Conference on Rare
A
Service certain legal requirements were required. cooper- Plant Protection inTennessee recognize that there is a need
ative agreementwould allowthe state access to federal for comprehensive legislation designed to protect rare, en-
funds and use those funds to protect rare plants in the dangered, and certain otherplants and their habitats in
state. It became clear that the protection ofrare plants in Tennessee. ..."
Tennesseewould require a newlaw. The resolutionwas signed by a Who's Who ofTen-
nessee botany and presented to the Department ofConser-
In December of 1982 the Department ofConservation vation. The billwas introduced in 1984, and, thoughthe
sponsored aworkshop entitled "Conference on Rare Plant nursery industry had representation at the workshop, the
Protection inTennessee." Theworkshop was held at nursery industry. Farm Bureau, and Department ofAgri-
Montgomery Bell State Parkto start theprocess ofenact- culture did not like everything in the bill. The Department
ing legislation to protect rare plants inTennessee. An ad ofTransportation also had objections.
hoc Rare Plant Committee representing the University of Negotiations ensued and amendments were made to the
Tennessee, Tennessee Conservation League, Tennessee Na- bill. Itpassed the Senate and made its way to the House
tive Plant Society, Lambuth College, Tennessee Environ- Agriculture Committee. The Nurserymen's Association
mental Council, The Nature Conservancy, Environmental still didn't like the bill, and theywanted the Department of
Action Fund (EAF), and Tennessee Nurserymen's Associ- Agriculture to administer the law. The billwas put into a
ation metwith nearly 100 citizens for two and a halfdays study committee, which effectively killed it for that legisla-
to build the frameworkfor a new law. tive session.
At the workshop, Tom Patrick made a presentation on
the activities ofthe Tennessee Native Plant Society. Dr. Eu- Throughout this process State Botanist Dr. Paul Somers
gene Wofford (University ofTennessee) and Dr. Robert kept track of all the activity and shepherded it alongwhen
Krai (VanderbiltUniversity) were two ofthe leaders for necessary as well as offering help in navigating thepolitical
the Research/RecoveryNeeds session in the Policy and landscape at the time. In 1985 after more negotiations and
StrategyDiscussions portion oftheworkshop. After the amendments, the billwas reintroducedwith the Depart-
5
TNPS FIELD TRIPS
ment ofConservation havingprimary authorityfor admin-
istering the law. This time when the billwent to the House
itwas through the House Conservation Committee instead Rock Island State Park
ofthe Agriculture Committee.
March 28, 2015
Strong constituency supportwas directed at key mem-
bers ofthe committee and the bill passed. "The Rare Plant n 2014 itwas rain, this year itwas a hard freeze. The
Protection and ConservationAct of 1985" was supported
Iearly morning temperaturewas 27 degrees, but the sun
by the Environmental Action Fund and sponsored by Sen- was bright, andwewere fine by the time the hike
ator Doug Henry and Representative Steve Cobb. When
started.
the vote occurred onApril i, out of 33 Senators only five We hiked the DownstreamTrail along the Caney Fork
voted against the bill orwere absent. Riverin White County. The trail goes to the Blue Hole
(famous for fishing), makes a half-mile loop, and returns
In the 30 years sincepassage ofthe Rare PlantAct, by the same trail. Wildflowers are plentiful all along the
many changes have occurred. Part ofthe act requires that trail. The winter snow and ice storm three weeks prior had
the rareplant list be evaluated at least every three years and taken a toll. Trees were down everywhere.
amended as necessary. To facilitate this process, the De- The springplants were invarious stages offlowering.
partment ofConservation established the Tennessee Rare
Trout lily, bloodroot, and harbinger of springwere essen-
Plant Scientific Advisory Committee (TRPSAC). The tiallypast. We foundfour species oftoothwort, wild blue
committee is composed ofknowledgeable botanists famil- phlox (Phlox divaricata), purplephacelia (Phacelia hipin-
iarwith the flora ofTennessee. The composition ofthe
natifida), sweet betsy (Trillium cuneatum) and a couple of
committee has changed over the years but some ofthe
yellow trillium (T luteum) in flower. The prairie trillium
original members still serve to this day. (T recurvatum) was mostlyin bud. We found early sax-
As predicted in that 1978 article, additional plants have
ifrage (Saxifraga virginiensis), Allegheny spurge
been discovered that need protection and others have been
(Pachysandraprocumbens), andwild ginger (Asarum
found to be more common thaninitially thought. The Ten-
canadense). Fouise Gregoryphotographed long-spurred
nessee Natural Heritage Program and TRPSAC have con-
violet, rue anemone, halberd-leafyellowviolet, star chick-
tinuallyworked to improve the quality and accuracy ofthe
weed, and hepatica.
list. After a heartylunch at the Rock Island Market, we
With eachpassingyearnewdiscoveries are made. Some
walked the short loop trail at the Badger Flatpicnic area.
ofthose discoveries are a direct result ofsearch funded as a The large-flowered trilliumwas not openyet, but leather-
result ofthe Rare Plant Protection and Conservation Act. wood (a shrub) and a few dwarfginsengwere flowering.
In 1978,Apiospriceana, Price's potato bean, appeared When at its peak Badger Flat has a large assortment of
on the published list as present in only two Tennessee spring flowers. We were a bit early this year.
counties andwas listed as possibly extirpated. Due prima-
rily to work thatwould not have beenpossiblewithout the Dennis Horn
Rare PlantActwe now know this species from 11 counties
in the state. As a result ofthese discoveries, much more is
known about the habitat requirements ofthis species, and
sites where the plant grows have beenprotected.
There are numerous examples ofrare plants gettingpro-
tection as a result ofthe rare plant act. There are sites
which are nowinpublic ownership that contain significant
rareplantpopulations whichwere discovered as a result of
U.S. Fish andWildlife Service funded searches. Itis a bless-
ing to have these sites protected, butwith eachnew acqui-
sition the burden ofmanaging them increases.
Some states still do nothave a rare plantprotection law.
Fortunately, Tennessee is not one ofthem. Thanks to a
group ofconcerned citizens and scientists who came to-
gether 30 years ago to pushfor legal protection for a "sig-
nificantportion ofTennessee's natural heritage," we can
continue to appreciate the rare flora ofTennessee and
know that itwill not be ignored.
6
TNPS FIELD TRIPS
Meeman-Shelby Forest State Park aphylla), but the flowers are more cup shaped and bloom
April 4, 2015 successively along a cyme, not in the leaf axils. This plant
used to be on the state rare plant list, but was taken offsev-
know, don’t be confused by the title. For those paying eral years ago because ofits abundance on the Chickasaw
Iattention, wewere supposed to go to Millstone Moun- Bluffs along the Mississippi River.
tain, but a call from a ladywho lives in the community Our group enjoyed lunch at the Shelby Forest General
informing me that the land around the mountain had been Store. For those who haven’t been to the General Store be-
sold to a new ownerwho wasn’tveryfriendly and had cut fore, you have missed out on a treat thatwill send you
back to your days ofyouth. The selection of “old fash-
ioned” candies and bottled sodas ofevery brand from back
in the daywill leave you feeling nostalgic.
Afterlunchwe headed back to the park and to a trail
that skirted the flanks ofthe bluff. This areawas much
richer and got better and better as we made ourway along
it. Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), large flow-
ered bellwort (Uvulariagrandiflora), wild ginger (Asarum
canadense), and a surprise clump ofspring coralroot
(Corallorhiza wisteriana) were our firstwildflower en-
counters. The trailwas linedwith red buckeyes (Aesculus
pavia) and redbuds (Cercis canadensis) inperfect bloom.
The dogwoods (Cornusflorida) were just a bit behind, but
stillpunctuating the woods withwhite.
Further along the trailwe began to see several fluttering
Downyyellow violet (Violapubescens) falcate orangetip butterflies. These butterflies use tooth-
wort as their caterpillar hostplants, so itwasn’t surprising
offaccess to the mountain changed the plans totally. Luck- that injust a few more feetwas the first colony ofcutleaf
ily, I was able to get the word out to most everyone and toothwort (Dentaria laciniata). Most ofthese were past
only a couple ofpeople showed up at the McDonald’s in prime, but the spring cress (Cardamine rhomhoidea) was
Covington. But they called andwere able to joinus at in high gear. Therewere a few flowers ofyellowfumewort
Meeman-Shelby. (Corydalisflavula) still hanging on. At this pointwe came
to the big find ofthe day.
We started out the morningwith awalk along thepaved Along the trailwere large seedpods that resembled
trail past the picnic pavilions andwere immediately greeted honey locustpods, butwere much thicker and fleshier.
by several non-native species thatwere leftovers from ear- Some ofthe pods had split open and indeed, there was a
lier homesteads within the park. Periwinkle {Vinca major) fleshy residue and large seeds inside. You could catch afra-
was in bloom and there were large clumps ofdaylily grance that smelled a little like spice cake emanatingfrom
(Hemerocallisfulva) along the trail. Eventually, we began the residue. Lookingup, we could see the mother tree, a
to see the springwildflowers appear. Beautiful clumps of tall, yetvery slender treewith branches highup
wild blue phlox (Phlox divaricata) lined the pathwithnu- the trunk still holding on to a fewpods. At
merous downyyellowviolet (Violapubescens) andprairie firstwewere stumped, but finallywe figured
trillium (Trillium recurvatum) interspersed. out this was a Kentucky coffee tree (Gymno-
We observed several clumps ofthe trillium that had cladus dioicus). What a great find!
arisenfrom ants moving the seeds into their hill and then After a chilly morning, the afternoon
((pjj
subsequently germinating. Trillium seed have awaxy ap- was quite pleasant. The wildflowers
pendage called an aril that ants love. Theymove the whole were accommodatingwith a floriferous
seed into the colony and then feed upon the aril, butleave show, and we found a Kentucky coffee tree,
the seed intact. Several seeds are deposited this way and always a thrill. Sounds like a good spring
give rise to clumps ofmany individualplants. day to me.
Anotherinterestingplant along this blufftop trailwas BartJones
the tiny oceanblue phacelia (Phacelia ranunculoides). This
species closely resembles baby blue eyes (Nemophila
7
TNPS FIELD TRIPS
Tour ofSouthern Decatur County
montanum), violet
April 12, 2015 wood sorrel Oxalis vi-
(
A olacea), and a large
small but enthusiastic group met at Carroll Cabin patch ofcommon blue
Barrens State NaturalArea for a day ofroadside
violet (Viola sororia)
botanizing covering somewildflower hotspots in
that had flowers that
the southern end ofDecatur County. We went to one of
were more a red-purple
the barrens to get an impression ofwhat this community thanthe more familiar
looks like in the spring. The barrens are not knownfor blue-violet. As we ma-
their spring flora (muchbetter in fall), butwe did get to see neuvered into the karst
a nice show ofyellow star-grass (Hypoxis hirsuta) andpale
woods, things got a lit-
blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium alhidum). Thewoodland
tle more lush. The rocks
trail to the barren also produced some nice woodviolet were coveredwith
(Violapalmata).
mountain stonecrop
(Sedum ternatum), wild
Back to the cars and on the road, our first stop was ginger (Asarum
Penny Slough, where the day before while conducting a
canadense)^ and green
butterfly count, we were shocked to see dozens offeather-
violet (Hyhanthus con-
foil (Hottonia inflata) plants projecting above thewater of color). The trilliums be-
the slough. This is a state listed plant of special concern came more numerous
and not commonly seen as it has avery finicky disposition andwild blue phlox
about blooming. The feathery rosette ofleaves spends the
(Phlox divaricata) dot-
winters along the bottom ofshallow, quietpools ofwater.
ted the entire scene.
If conditions are right, then the rosette begins to sprout Two understory shrubs/trees were in flower, bladdernut
flowering stalks that are hollow and inflatewith air. This (Staphylea trifolia) and pawpaw (Asimina triloba).
causes the plant to become buoyant and the whole plant is
pulled from the muck to the water’s surface. From there, After enjoying our sack lunches, we moved on to an-
the flower stalks branch and along each node, awhorl of
other bluff, this one facing east and overlooking a branch
tinywhite flowers subtended by large green bracts emerge.
ofWhites Creek. This is one ofthe best springwildflower
The overall effect is enchanting. spots in Decatur County. We were too late to catch a strag-
As we left, we noticed the sides ofthe road appeared gling flower or two on the beaked trout lily (Erythronium
striped inwhite, the result of aprofusion ofblooming
rostratum)., cutleaftoothwort (Dentaria laciniata)^ or the
glade sandwort (Minuartiapatula) growing in the gravel of
sharp-lobed hepatica (Hepatica acutiloha)^ but the rest
the road shoulder.
didn’t disappoint. Wild blue phlox lined the roadside and
the greenviolets were the dominantplant in some stretches
The second stop was a limestone bluffalong Stewman’s
ofthe ditch along the road. Both trilliums were present
Creeknear its confluence with the Tennessee River. The
here, too.
limestone manifested as large blocks protrudingfrom the Newplants for the trip found herewerepurplephacelia
ground, giving thewoods a karst aspect. Our mainfocus
(Phacelia bipinnatifida) afew ofwhichwere beginning to
for this stop was Carolina silverbell (Halesia tetraptera), 2l bloom, a smallpatch ofAllegheny spurge (Pachysandra
tree more typically associatedwith the Blue Ridge Moun-
procumbens)., a large limestone block coveredwith false rue
tains. This population is the mostwestern one inTen- anemone (Enemion biternatum) that cascaded down and
nessee. There were two large trees near the boat ramp
surrounded the boulder, and two species ofbuckeyes;
wherewe parked thatwere almost finished blooming, with
Ohio buckeye (Aesculusglabra) and red buckeye (Aesculus
just afew blossoms still hanging on near the tops. Luckily, pavia). Close examination ofthe limestone outcroppings
I had binoculars with me so everyone could get a look at also yielded a couple ofinterestingferns: walkingfern (As-
them. Several smaller saplings were quickly identified, so
plenium rhizophyllum) and hairy lip fern (Cheilanthes
the population seems to be doing fine.
lanosa).
Additional species seen near the boat ramp included As we made ourway back to Carroll Cabin Barrens on
sweet Betsy (Trillium cuneatum) anotherplant near the Bob’s Landing Road, we started to notice small drifts of
westernmost part ofits Tennessee range, twisted trillium
Continuedon backpage
(Trillium stamineum)^ eastern bluestar (Amsonia tahernae-
Explorations in West Tennessee’s
—
Decatur County
Continued
lavender along the red clay banks ofthe roadside. As we
continued, these drifts got largeruntil we eventually
stopped at one ofthe largest. The riot ofvioletwas due
to bird’s footviolet (Violapedata) and in this large
colonythere were a few clumps ofthe exquisite bicol-
ored form. No otherviolet canmatch the beauty ofthis
two-toned masterpiece with its two upperpetals an in-
credible deep purple and the other three lavender, the lip
being stripedwith darker lines, andpunctuated with an
g
e orange beakformed by the anthers. After everyone
^ “ooed and awed” and had their fill ofphotos, we arrived
back at Carroll Cabin Barrens and called it a successful
^ botany tour.
BartJones
False rue anemone (Enemionbiternatum)