Tellurium Chemistry

330 Pages·2022·16.888 MB·English

by  Bimal Krishna Banik, Sangeeta Bajpai

BimalKrishnaBanikandSangeetaBajpai(Eds.)
TelluriumChemistry
Also of interest
OrganoseleniumChemistry
BrindabanC.RanuandBubunBanerjee(Eds.),
ISBN----,e-ISBN----
SeleniumandTelluriumReagents
InChemistryandMaterialsScience
RistoLaitinenandRaijaOilunkaniemi(Eds.),
ISBN----,e-ISBN----
TransitionMetalsandSulfur–AStrongRelationshipforLife
MarthaE.SosaTorresandPeterM.H.Kroneck(Eds.),
ISBN----,e-ISBN----
InorganicandOrganometallicPolymers
NarendraPalSinghChauhanandNarendraSinghChundawat,
ISBN----,e-ISBN----
PhysicalSciencesReviews
e-ISSN-X
Tellurium
Chemistry
Edited by
Bimal Krishna Banik
and Sangeeta Bajpai
Editors
BimalKrishnaBanik,Ph.D.
PrinceMohammadBinFahdUniversity
CollegeofSciencesandHumanStudies
DeanshipofResearchDevelopment
1664P.O.Box
AlKhobar31952
Saudi-Arabia
[email protected]
Dr.SangeetaBajpai
DepartmentofChemistry
AmitySchoolofAppliedSciences
AmityUniversity,Lucknow,226028
UttarPradesh
India
[email protected]
ISBN978-3-11-073930-5
e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-073584-0
e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-073587-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2022940106
BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek
TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie;
detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheinternetathttp://dnb.dnb.de.
©2022WalterdeGruyterGmbH,Berlin/Boston
Coverimage:Gettyimages/sanches812
Typesetting:TNQTechnologiesPvt.Ltd.
Printingandbinding:CPIbooksGmbH,Leck
www.degruyter.com
Preface
Theuniquepropertiesof‘Tellurium’(Te)haveaggrandizedthissilverywhitemetalloid,
fromararetowell-knownspecies.Apartfromitslessabundancearound1pbbinthe
Earth’scrust,theincreasingresearchinterestinthefieldoftelluriumcompoundshas
been documented. Since its discovery in 1782, research findings have unfolded the
chemistryoftelluriumcompounds.Theincreaseinthenumberofinorganictellurium
compounds and organic/organometallic tellurium compounds by 40% to 70%, en-
visagestheirimportance.Theemergingsignificanceoftelluriumcompoundsisevident
fromtheirdiverseandpotentialapplicationsinvariousfieldsofchemistry.Thisisdue
to its unique property of three-centered bonding, hyper valence and secondary
bonding interactions. Basic knowledge of chemistry is very essential for the novel
applicationsoforganotelluriumcompoundsindiversefields.
The main purpose of this book is to provide an authentic and comprehensive
account of current materialistic applications of organotellurium compounds. This
purpose is fulfilled by assembling a knowledgeable team of contributing authors
havingconsiderableinterestandskillinthisfield.Thecombinedeffortsoftheauthors
andtheirexpertiseintherelevantfieldhaveexploredandproducedalmostcomplete
coverage of unique properties and modem applications of organotellurium com-
pounds.Alltwelvechaptersofthisbookaredesignedinawaytoimpartsyntheticand
practicalknowledgeoftelluriumandorganotelluriumcompounds.
Sahooetal.havefocusedonvarioussyntheticandapplicationsoforganotellurium
compoundsinchapter1.Kambojhasexploredthechemistryoftelluriumcontaining
macrocyclesanditsapplicationsinchapter2.Thesemiconductorpropertiesandap-
plications of organotellurium compounds in carbohydrate synthesis, cyclization re-
actions,solarcellsandchemicalsensorshavebeendiscussedandelaboratedbyDas
andBaniketal.inchapters3,4,5,9and11.
Chapter-6 contributed by Ashraf has thrown light on the toxic toxic behaviour
of tellurium which is the utmost important while working with organotellurium
compounds.
Chapter-7authoredbyPandeyetal.havecoveredthedetailedstudyoftellurium
existenceanditseffectsonvariousenvironmentalsections.
Banerjeeetal.haveexploredthelatestdevelopmentsinthesynthesisofbioactive
organotelluriumscaffoldsinchapter-8.
Adetailedstudyoftelluriumanditsnovellow-dimensionalderivatives offering
intriguingnonlinearopticalresponses,makingthempromisingcandidatesfordesign
ofvariousphotonicdevices,hasbeenidentifiedbyRoseetal.inchapter-10.
Thereactivityoforganotelluriumcompoundsascatalysts,reagentsandsensors
throughfunctionalgroupactivationhasbeeninvestigatedbyRayetal.inchapter-12.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110735840-201
VI Preface
The editors of this book express their sincerest gratitude to all the authors for
contributingexcellentchaptersontellurium. TheworkofMs.StellaMullerandMs.
ChristeneSmithinrealizationofthisendeavourhasbeenremarkable.Itisimpossible
topublishthisbookwithoutthetimelysupportfromtheauthors,Ms.Muller,Ms.Smith
andtheproductionteam.Weexpectthatthisbookon telluriumwillbeusedexten-
sivelybythescientificcommunity.ThankyouALL.
Contents
Preface V
Listofcontributingauthors XI
BiswaMohanSahoo,BimalKrishnaBanik,AbhishekTiwari,VarshaTiwari,AdyaJain
andPreetismitaBorah
1 Synthesisandapplicationoforganotelluriumcompounds 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Synthesisoforganotelluriumcompounds 3
1.3 Applicationoforganotelluriumcompounds 11
1.3.1 Applicationsoftelluriumcompoundsindiagnosisandtherapy 11
1.3.2 Applicationsoftelluriumcompoundsinbiology 11
1.4 Conclusions 23
References 23
MonikaKamboj
2 Chemistryoftelluriumcontainingmacrocycles 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Advantageofaddingtelluriuminmacrocycle 28
2.3 Typesoftelluriummacrocycles 29
2.3.1 Telluraporphyrinoid 29
2.3.2 Cryptand 37
2.3.3 MacrocyclicTelluroether 38
2.3.4 Metallomacrocycles 39
2.3.5 MixedDonor(O/N/S/Te)Macrocycles 41
2.4 Conclusions 50
References 50
AparnaDasandBimalKrishnaBanik
3 Semiconductorcharacteristicsoftelluriumanditsimplementations 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 RecentdevelopmentsinTe-semiconductorresearch 58
3.2.1 TebasedPhotoconductors 60
3.2.2 Te-basedInfraredacousto-opticdeflectors 65
3.2.3 Te-basedFieldeffecttransistors 65
3.2.4 Te-basedself-developingholographicrecordingdevices 66
3.2.5 Te-basedradiativecoolingdevices 66
3.2.6 Te-basedTopologicalinsulators 68
3.2.7 Te-basedphotodetectors 68
3.2.8 Te-basedthermoelectricmaterials 69
VIII
Contents
3.2.9 Te-basedpiezoelectricmaterials 71
3.2.10 Te-basedSensors 77
3.2.11 Te-basedSolarcells 79
3.3 Conclusions 80
References 81
AparnaDas,DevalinaRayandBimalKrishnaBanik
4 Telluriumincarbohydratesynthesis 85
4.1 Introduction 85
4.2 Synthesisofglycosides 86
4.2.1 O-Glycosides 86
4.2.2 C-Glycosides 93
4.3 Oxidationofglucosetogluconicacid 99
4.4 Conclusions 101
References 102
AparnaDasandBimalKrishnaBanik
5 Tellurium-basedsolarcells 107
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 CdTesolarcell 107
5.3 Telluriumdopinginvarioussolarcells 126
5.4 Conclusions 130
References 131
MuhammadWaqarAshraf,SyedIqleemHaider,AmberRehanaSolangiandAlmas
FatimaMemon
6 Toxicityoftelluriumanditscompounds 135
6.1 Introduction 136
6.1.1 ExposureofTellurium 137
6.1.2 MetabolismofTelluriumanditscompounds 139
6.1.3 Distribution 140
6.1.4 Toxicityofelementaltellurium 141
6.1.5 Toxicityoftelluriumcompounds 142
6.1.6 Treatmentoftelluriumpoisoning 146
6.2 Conclusions 146
References 146
GarimaPandeyandSangeetaBajpai
7 Accessingtheenvironmentalimpactoftelluriummetal 151
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 Wheredoestelluriumcomefrom?sourcesoftellurium 152
IX
Contents
7.3 Howdoweusetellurium? 153
7.4 Assessmentstudiesoneffectsoftellurium 153
7.5 Effectsoftellurium 155
7.5.1 Potentialenvironmentimpacts 155
7.5.2 Potentialhealthimpacts 155
7.6 Concludingremarks 158
References 158
BubunBanerjee,AditiSharma,GurpreetKaur,AnuPriya,ManmeetKaurand
ArvindSingh
8 Latestdevelopmentsonthesynthesisofbioactiveorganotellurium
scaffolds 163
8.1 Introduction 163
8.2 Synthesisoforganotelluriumscaffolds 165
8.2.1 Synthesisofdiaryltellurides 165
8.2.2 Synthesisofalkenylvinyltellurides 167
8.2.3 Synthesisoftellurodibenzoicacids 168
8.2.4 Synthesisof5-(aryltellanyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones 171
8.2.5 SynthesisofTe,N-heterocycles 173
8.2.6 SynthesisTe,O-heterocycles 174
8.2.7 Synthesisoforganotelluriumsubstituted-heterocycles 174
8.3 Conclusions 177
References 177
AnjalyDas,AparnaDasandBimalKrishnaBanik
9 Tellurium-basedchemicalsensors 183
9.1 Introduction 183
9.2 CdTequantumdots-basedsensor 183
9.2.1 Ascorbicaciddetection 184
9.2.2 Drugsdetection 186
9.2.3 Mercury(II)ionsdetection 191
9.2.4 Nitrogendioxide(NO )gasdetection 192
2
9.3 Tethinfilms-basedsensor 193
9.3.1 Nitrogendioxide(NO )gasdetection 193
2
9.3.2 Hydrogensulfide(H S)gasdetection 196
2
9.3.3 Ammonia(NH )gasdetection 197
3
9.4 Tenanostructuresornanoparticles-basedsensors 198
9.4.1 Chlorine(Cl )gasdetection 198
2
9.4.2 Ammonia(NH )andpropylaminedetection 200
3
9.4.3 Nitrogendioxide(NO )gasdetection 202
2
9.4.4 Hydrogenperoxidedetection 202
X
Contents
9.5 Telluriumdioxide(TeO )-basedsensor 204
2
9.5.1 Nitrogendioxide(NO )gasdetection 206
2
9.5.2 Ethanoldetection 212
9.6 OtherTe-basedsensors 214
9.7 Conclusions 217
References 217
PriyaRoseThankamaniandSheenuThomas
10 Telluriumbasedmaterialsfornonlinearopticalapplications 225
10.1 Introduction 225
10.2 Nonlinearoptics 226
10.3 Second-ordernonlinearopticaleffects 227
10.3.1 Sumfrequencygeneration(SFG)anddifferentfrequencygeneration
(DFG) 228
10.3.2 Secondharmonicgeneration(SHG) 228
10.3.3 Second-ordernonlinearopticalprocessesintellurium-based
materials 228
10.4 Higher-ordernonlinearopticaleffects 229
10.4.1 Nonlinearindexofrefraction 229
10.4.2 Nonlinearopticalabsorption(NLA) 230
10.4.3 Higher-ordernonlinearopticalprocessesintellurium-based
materials 231
10.5 Conclusions 246
References 247
SaraAliAAldawood,AparnaDasandBimalKrishnaBanik
11 Tellurium-inducedcyclizationofolefiniccompounds 249
11.1 Introduction 249
11.2 Tellurium-inducedcyclizationofalkenylcompounds 250
11.3 Tellurium-inducedcyclizationofalkynylcompounds 279
11.3.1 Othercompounds 283
11.4 Conclusions 284
References 285
DevalinaRay,AparnaDas,SumanMazumdarandBimalK.Banik
12 Tellurium-inducedfunctionalgroupactivation 291
12.1 Introduction 291
12.1.1 LewisacidityinOrganotellurium 292
12.2 Conclusions 304
References 304
Index 309