Television Receiving Antenna System Component Measurements

128 Pages·2009·8.28 MB·English

NTIA-REPORT-79-22
Television
Receiving Antenna System
Component Measurements
R.G. FitzGerrel
R.D. Jennings
J.R. Juroshek
us,
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary
Henry Geller, Assistant Secretary
for Communications and Information
June 1979

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. LIST OF FIGURES iv
2. LIST OF TABLES x
3. ABSTRACT 1
4. INTRODUCTION 1
5. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 2
2.1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) and Mismatch Loss 2
2.2 Insertion Loss 3
2.3 System Loss 4
2.4 Antenna Gain 4
6. ANTENNA CONSTANT 6
7. ANTENNA GAIN MEASUREMENTS 8
8. BALUN INSERTION LOSS 24
9. SIGNAL SPLITTER INSERTION LOSS 24
10. VSWRtS OF ANT$NNAS, BALUNS, AND SPLITTERS 28
11. TRANSMISSION LINE LOSS 32
12. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSIONS 37
13.' REFERENCES 41
APPENDIX. MEASURED RELATIVE GAIN PATTERNS 43
iii,
LIST OF FIGUIm~
Figure 1. Typical single-set, single-antenna TV installations 5
A. Indoor antenna on receiver, VHF or UHF.
B. Antenna to receiver with "twin lead" trans
mission line, VHF or UHF.
C. Antenna to receiver ·with "twin lead" trans-
mission line, VHF and UHF.
D. Antenna to receiver with coaxial cable trans
mission line, VHF and UHF.
Figure 2. Dipole antenna constant versus frequency. 7
Figure 3. Typical VHF antenna gain pattern measured at 183 MHz 10
{channel 8). The gain increments are 5 dB and the
reference dipole gain level is shown by the circle on
the 180 deg - 0 deg axis.
Figure 3. Typical UHF antenna gain pattern measured at 641 MHz 11
(channel 42). The gain increments are 5 dB and the
reference dipole gain le·vel is shown by the circle on
the 180 deg - 0 deg axis.
Figure 5. Typical half-wave dipole reference antenna gain 12
pat.tern. The gain increments are 5 dB.
Figure 6. Schematic drawing of insertion loss ·measure.ment system. 26
Figure 7. Schematic drawing of splitter insertion lossmeasure- 27
ment system. Connections shown are for the UHF tests.
Figure 8. Schematic drawing of VSWR measurement system. 31
Figure 9. Attenuat.ion bounds (best and worst case) versus 33
frequency for new, dry 300-ohm balanced transmission
line, derived from manufacturers' data.
Figure 10. Attenuation bounds (best and worst case) versus 35
frequency for new, dry RG-6 type coaxial cable,
derived from manufacturers' data.
Figure 11. Attenuation bounds (best and worst case) versus 36
frequency for new, dry RG-59 type coaxial cable,
derived from manufacturers' data.
iv
LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
Page
Figure 12. Increase in line loss because of standing waves (SWR 38
value at the load). To determine the total loss in
decibels in a line having an SWR greater than 1, f i.rst;
determine the loss for the particular type of line,
length and frequency, on the assumption that the line
is perfectly matched. Locate this point on the
horizontal axis and move up to the curve corresponding
to the actual SWR. The corresponding value on the
vertical axis gives the additional loss in decibels
caused by the standing waves.
Figure 13. Graphical presentation of the range of the power budget 40
equation versus frequency for the four systems
considered.
6V
To convert the P scale to dB relative to 10-
rec
at the 300 ohm receiver terminals with a field strength
6
of 60 dB relative to 10- V/m at the antenna, add 59 dB.
Figure 14. Measured ant.enna gain versus frequency. 42
Figure A-1~ Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 44
for antenna No. 1.
Figure A-2. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 79 MHz 45
for antenna No. 1.
Figure A-3. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 r-1Hz 46
for antenna No. 1.
Figure A-4. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 47
for antenna No. 1.
Figure A-S. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 48
for antenna No. 2.
Figure A-6. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 79 MHz 49
for antenna No. 2.
Figure A-7. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 MHz 50
for antenna No. 2.
Figure A-8. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 51
for antenna No. 2.
Figure A-9. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 r1Hz 52
for antenna No. 3.
Figure A-10. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 79 MHz 53
for antenna No. 3.
V
LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
Figure 1\-11. Re,lative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at18J MHz 54
for antenna No.3.
Figure A-12. Relative gain pa.ttern in the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 55
fot' antenna No.3.
Figure A-13. Relative gain pat,t,ern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 56
for antenna No•. 4.,
Figure A-14. Relative gain pattern in the aziimut.hal. plane at. 79 MHz 57
f ell" antenna No.4.
Figure A-15. Relativeqain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 MHz 58
for antenna No.4.
Figure A-16. Relative ga,inpatternin the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 59
f or antenna No.. 4.
Figure 1\-1'. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 60
for antenna No. S. Antenna. was mounted on test stand
90 deg off Q,ptical If:boresight'' to tra.nsmltting; a,!l,tenna.
Fig:ure A-18. Relative gain patter'n in the azimuthal plane at 79' MHz 61
for an,tenna No.. 5. A,n,tenna was mounted on test stand
90 deq off opt..leal 'Jbo;r'esight.tt to tra,nsmitting a.ntenna.
Figure A~t9. Relative 9'ain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 MHz 62
for a.ntenna No.5. Antenna was mounted on test sta.nd
90 deg off optical "boresight" to· transmit,ting an,tenna..
Relative gain pat.t,ern in the azimuthal plan.e at 213 MHz 63
for antenna No.5. Ant.enna was mounted on te,s;t stand 90
deg off opt.ical ·'bore·sight" to transmitting ancerma,
Fi.g'ure A-21. Rela,tive gain. pattern in·t.he 'azimuthal pIa.ne at, 63 MHz 64
for antenna No'. 6.
Relative gain pattern in, the azimuthal plane. at 79 MHz
for antenna NQ.. 6.•
Figure A-23. Relative gain pattern in theazimu'thal plane at 18'3 MHz 66
for anten,na' No.6.
Figure A-24. Relat"ive gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 67
for antenna No.· 6.
vi
LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
Figure A-2S. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 413 MHz 68
for antenna No.6.
69
Figure A-26. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz
for antenna NQ. 6.
Figure A-27. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 70
for antenna No.6. Beam splitting can be noted.
Figure A-2S. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 71
for antenna No.7.
Figure A-29. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 79 MHz 72'
for antenna No.7.
73
Figure A-30. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 MHz
for antenna No.7.
Figure A-31. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 74
for antenna No.7.
Figure A-32. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 75
for antenna No.7.
76
Figure A-33. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz
for antenna No.7.
77
Figure A-34. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz
for antenna No.7.
Figure A-3S. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 78
for antenna No. B.
Figure A-36. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 79 MHz 79
for antenna No.8.
Figure A-37. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 MHz 80
for antenna No.8.
Figure A-38. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 213 MHz 81
for antenna No.8.
Figure A-39. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 82
for antenna No.8.
Figure A-40. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 83
for antenna No.8.
84
Figure A-41. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 Mhz
for antenna No.8.
vii
LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
Page
Figure A-42. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 63 MHz 85
for antenna No. 9.
Figure A-43. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 79 MHz 86
for antenna No. 9.
Figure A-44. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 183 r~Hz 87
for antenna No. 9.
Figure A-45. Relative gain pattern in the azi.mut.haL plane at 213 MHz 88
for antenna No. 9.
Figure A-46. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 89
for antenna No. 9.
Figure A-47. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 90
for antenna No.9.
Figure A-48. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 91
for antenna No. 9.
Figure A-49. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 92
for antenna No. 10.
Figure A-50. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 93
for antenna No. 10.
Figure A-51. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 94
for antenna No. 10.
Figure A-52. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 95
for antenna No. 11.
Figure A-53. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 96
for antenna No. 11.
Figure A-54. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 97
for antenna No. 11•
Figure A-55. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 413 MHz 98
for antenna No. 12a.
Figure A-56. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 99
for antenna No. 12b.
Figure A-57. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz lQO
for antenna No. 12a.
Figure 1'1-58. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 101
for antenna No. 12b.
viii
LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
Figure A-59. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 102
for antenna No. 12a. Beam splitting can be noted.
Figure A-60. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 103
for No. 12b. Beam splitting can be noted.
Figure A-61. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 104
for antenna No. 13.
Figure A-62. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane of 641 MHz 105
for antenna No. 13.
Figure A-63. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 106
for antenna No. 13.
Figure A-64. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 107
for antenna No. 14.
Figure A-65. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 108
for antenna No. 14.
Figure A-66. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 109
for antenna No. 14.
. Figure A-67. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz 110
for antenna No. 15a. Antenna was mounted on test stand
90 deg off optical "boresight" to transmitting antenna.
Figure A-68. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 473 MHz III
for antenna NO. 15b. Antenna was mounted on test stand
90 deg off optical "boresight" to transmitting antenna.
Figure A-69. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 112
for antenna No. 15a. Antenna was mounted on test stand
90 deg off optical "boresight" to transmitting antenna.
Figure A-70. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 641 MHz 113
for antenna No. 15b. Antenna was mounted on test stand
90 deg off optical "boresight to transmitting antenna.
II
Figure A-71. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 114
for ~ntenna No. 15a. Antenna was mounted on test stand
90 deg off optical "bore~ight" top transmitting antenna.
Figure A-72. Relative gain pattern in the azimuthal plane at 803 MHz 115
for antenna No. 15b. Antenna was mounted on test stand
90 deg off optical "boresight" to transmitting antenna.
ix
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Main-beam Antenna Gain and Half-power Beam Width at 14
each Test Frequency (Channel Number)
Table 2. Maximum, Minimum, and Average Measured Values of 15
Main-beam Gain Relative to a Tuned Half-Wave Dipole
and Half-Power Beam Width for Each Antenna
Table 3. Summary of Measured Values of VHF Antenna Main-beam 18
Gain Reported in NBS Report 6099 (1960)
Table 4. Summary of Measured Values of VHF and UHF Antenna 20
Main-beam Gain Reported by the Television Allocations
Study Organization (TASO) (1959)
Table 5. Summary of Measured Values of UHF Antenna Main-beam 21
Gain Reported by Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT)
(Free and Smith, 1978) for the Public Broadcast
Service (PBS)
Table 6. Comparisons of Maximum, Minimum and Average Measured 23
Values of VHF and UHF Antenna Main-beam Gain
Table 7. Minimum, Maximum Balun Insertion Loss, dB 25
Table 8. Minimum-Maximum Signal Splitter Insertion Loss, dB 27
Table 9. Minimum, Maximum Antenna VSWR 29
Table 10. Minimum, Maximum Balun VSWR 30
Table 11.. Minimum, Maximum Splitter VSWR 30
Table 12. System Gain, dB, Versus Frequency, MHz 39
x