Technology Transfer out of Germany after 1945 PDF
Preview Technology Transfer out of Germany after 1945
Technology Transfer Out of Germany After 1945 StudiesinThe HistoryofScience,Technologyand Medicine Edited byJohn Krige, European University Institute, Florence, Italy Volume 1 Technological Change: Methods andThemes inthe History ofTechnology RobertFox Volume2 TechnologyTransferOut ofGermanyAfter 1945 Edited byMatthias Judt & BurghardCiesla OtherVolumes inPreparation Making IsotopesMatter: FW. Aston and theCultureofPhysics JeffHughes TheHistoriographyofScience andTechnology: Whose History?Whose Science? Thomas Soderquist MolecularisingBiologyandMedicine: NewPractices andAlliances, 1930s-1970s Soraya de Chadarevian & Harmke Kamminga Entomology, Ecology and Agriculture: The Making of Scientific Careers in NorthAmerica, 1885-1985 Paolo Palladino This book ispart ofaseries.The publisherwill accept continuationorders which may be cancelled at any time and which provide for automatic billing and ship ping ofeach title intheseries upon publication. Pleasewrite fordetails. Technology Transfer Out of Germany After 1945 Editedby Matthias Judt German Historical Institute, Washington DC, USA and Burghard Ciesla ForschungsschwerpunktZeithistorische Studien, Potsdam, Germany harwood academic publishers he Australia • China • France • Germany • India • Japan • Luxembourg ap Malaysia· The Netherlands· Russia· Singapore· Switzerland • Thailand UnitedKingdom » UnitedStates Copyright © 1996 by OPA(Overseas Publishers Association) Amsterdam B.Y. PublishedinThe Netherlands byHarwoodAcademic PublishersGmbH. All rights reserved. Nopart ofthis book maybe reproducedor utilized inany form orby any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. PrintedinSingapore. Emmaplein5 1075AWAmsterdam The Netherlands BritishLibraryCataloguingin PublicationData TechnologyTransferOut ofGermanyAfter 1945.- (Studies inthe Historyof Science,Technology &Medicine, lSSN 1024-8048;Vol.2) I. Judt, Matthias II. Ciesla, Burghard III. Series 338.926094 ISBN 3-7186-5822-4 Contents Contributors ix Preface xi 1. Technology, Reparations,andthe ExportofIndustrial Culture.Problemsofthe American-GermanRelationship, 1900-1950 1 VolkerBerghahn 2. ReparationsandIntellectualProperty 11 Jorg Fisch 3. ExploitationbyIntegration?The Re-Orientationofthe TwoGermanEconomiesafter1945.The ImpactofScientific andProduction Controls 27 MatthiasJudt 4. The NazificationandDenazificationofPhysics 49 Mark Walker 5. DenazifyingScientistsandScience 61 MitchellG. Ash 6. Assessing the Damages: ForcedTechnology Transferand the German ChemicalIndustry 81 Raymond GStokes 7. GermanHighVelocityAerodynamicsand theirSignificance for the USAirForce 1945-1952 93 BurghardCiesla 8. ImmaterialReparationsand the ReintegrationofWest Germanyinto the WorldMarket 107 WernerAbelshauser 9. The Return ofGerman"Specialists"from the Soviet Union to the GermanDemocraticRepublic: Integrationand Impact 119 Andre Steiner v vi Contents 10. ThePolitics ofAmbiguity: Reparations, Business Relations, Denazification,andtheAllied TransferofTechnology 131 JohannesBahr, Paul Erkerand Geoffrey J. Giles Index 145 Series Introduction Studies intheHistory ofScience, Technology andMedicine isanew book series which aims to stimulate research in the field, concentrating on the twentieth century. It seeks to contribute to our understanding of science, technology and medicine asitisembeddedinsociety,exploring thelinks between these subjects ontheone hand andthecultural, economic, political andinstitutionalcontexts of their genesis and development on the other. Within this framework, and while not favouring any particular school of methodological approach, it welcomes studies which examine relations between science, technologyand society innew ways, e.g. the social constructionoftechnologies and large technical systems. VII Contributors WernerAbelshauser UniversitatBielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany MitchellG.Ash University of Iowa, Iowa City,Iowa, USA Johannes Biihr Freie UniversitatBerlin, Berlin, Germany VolkerBerghahn Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Burghard Ciesla ForschungsschwerpunktZeithistorische Studien, Postdam, Germany Paul Erker Freie UniversitatBerlin, Berlin, Germany JorgFisch Historisches Seminarder UniversitatZurich, Zurich, Switzerland Geoffrey J. Giles University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA MatthiasJudt German Historical Institute, Washington, DC, USA AndreSteiner Universitat Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Raymond G.Stokes University ofGlasgow, Glasgow, UK Mark Walker Union College, Schenectady, NewYork,USA ix Preface The collapse of communism in East Germany gave researchers access to archival sources whose very existence the GDR's authorities had denied for many years. The newly available sources enabled historians to examine long standing claims, e.g., by the Soviets regarding reparations made by East Germany between 1945and 1953,aswell asprevious western estimatesof East German reparations. East Germany's economic collapse had raised questions about the underlying causes of its considerable economic lag. One explanation favoured bypoliticians andsomehistorians referred tothedifferent burdens East andWestGermany hadhadtobear asregards dismantlingandreparations. In addition to the question of the material compensation paid by East Germany, new approaches influenced the historical debate on the reparations made byGermany after WorldWarII.Among these newapproaches, oneof the most interestingwasJohn Gimbel'sattempt todescribe Allied technology trans fer from Germany and the migration of German scientists to Allied countries after 1945as "intellectual reparations." This term, introduced by Gimbel inhis pathbreaking book Science. Technology. and Reparations. Exploitation and Plunder inPostwarGermany,1argued that, byhaving scientists and intellectual property taken away by the Allies, Germany had made additional and hitherto unacknowledgedreparations. In September 1993, the German Historical Institute in Washington, DC, hosted a conference that dealt particularly with John Gimbel's approach. Entitled Allied Technology Transfer from Germany or "Intellectual Repar ations"?, it asked whether the confiscation of documents in Germany and the hiring of German scientists byall theAllied powers could beconsidered aspart of Germany's reparations or only as a special chapter in the already ongoing technology transfer between the countries involved. The conference was made possible by the generous support of the German Fritz Thyssen Foundation and gathered together scholars from Great Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland and the USA. Its proceedings have been supplemented in this volume by a IStanford CA:Stanford University Press 1990. xi
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