Techniques for Evaluating the Differences in Multiregional Input-Output Databases: A Comparative Evaluation of CO2 Consumption-Based Accounts Calculated Using Eora, GTAP and WIOD PDF
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Developments in Input-Output Analysis Anne Owen Techniques for Evaluating the Differences in Multiregional Input- Output Databases A Comparative Evaluation of CO 2 Consumption-Based Accounts Calculated Using Eora, GTAP and WIOD Developments in Input-Output Analysis Series editors Erik Dietzenbacher, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Thomas Wiedmann, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia Rooted in a long tradition, input-output analysis has evolved into a powerful methodandtoolforaddressingthebigquestionsofthe21stcentury.Globalisation has led to a tightly woven web of industrial and commercial connections, linking producersandconsumersineverycornerofworld.Thishasresultedinaccelerated global economic growth but also in environmental burden shifting between countries. To address the question how human wellbeing can be increased for a growingworldpopulationwithoutcompromisingvitallifesupportsystemsrequires a detailed understanding of the interactions between economy, society and natural environment.Withnewdevelopmentsinglobalmodelsanddatabases,input-output analysisissuitedmorethanevertounraveltheselinkages,revealdependenciesand inform corporate and political decision-making. The book series puts up the milestonesofresearch,developmentandapplicationsininput-outputanalysisalong the way deeper into the century. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13474 Anne Owen Techniques for Evaluating the Differences in Multiregional Input-Output Databases A Comparative Evaluation of CO 2 Consumption-Based Accounts Calculated Using Eora, GTAP and WIOD 123 Anne Owen University of Leeds Leeds UK ISSN 2511-2139 ISSN 2511-2147 (electronic) Developments inInput-Output Analysis ISBN978-3-319-51555-7 ISBN978-3-319-51556-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51556-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016960725 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland The original version of the book frontmatter was revised: An endorsement has been added. The erratum to this book frontmatter is available at 10.1007/978-3-319-51556-4_9 For Mum and Dad Acknowledgment ThisbookisbasedontheresearchIsubmittedformyPhDwhichIstartedin2011 and completed in 2015. I have to start this acknowledgement section by thanking my supervisor, John Barrett, who first suggested that a PhD might be a good idea, when I was actually quite content with being an eternal research assistant! FollowinguponJohn’ssuggestionhastobeoneofthebestdecisionsIhavemade and I can honestly say that I thoroughly enjoyed writing my thesis and greatly appreciate the opportunities it brought—including writing this book. Without John’s encouragement, I would not have attempted this work. I worked on the thesis and this subsequent book alongside my research job at the University of Leeds and parts of the work contained here have been funded by the Research Councils UK Energy Programme, to whom I extend my thanks. I must also thank Johnforgenerouslyallowingforflexibilitywithmyjobtoallowmetospendtime onmyownresearchandalsoforfundingmyPhDtuitionfees.AndyEvanswasmy MScdissertationsupervisorandIwasverygratefulthatheagreed,adecadelater,to also supervise my PhD! It was during my MSc that I first experienced the joy of writingcodethatdidnotcrash.Inowrealisehowcrucialthisexperiencewastobe. IamverythankfulforAndy’shelpinclarifyingmyideas,lendingmebooksandhis overall encouragement. I would also like to thank my PhD examiners Peter Taylor, Arnold Tukker and Dabo Guan for the thoughtful comments made on my thesis and the following discussionsinmyPhDviva.Thanksalsotothetwoanonymousrefereeswhomade comments on an earlier draft of the book text. Katy Roelich, Kate Scott, Simone Cooper and Richard Wood provided insightful comments and encouragement on drafts of my results chapters and Jannik Giesekam introduced me to Adobe Illustrator. Thank you all! The analysis contained in this book could not have happened without access to the MRIO databases and accompanying metadata documents. At times it was necessary for me to personally contact the database developers and I would espe- cially like to thank Bart Los, Stefan Giljum, Glen Peters, Manfred Lenzen, Arne Geschke, Daniel Moran, Kirsten Wiebe, Richard Wood, Maaike Bouwmeester, ix x Acknowledgment ArkaitzUsubiagaandArnoldTukkerforourenlighteningconversations.Particular thanks must be extended to the ISA group for allowing me access to their high performance computers used to run the Eora model. This system is funded by the Australian Research Council. IalsowanttothankErikDietzenbacherandTommyWiedmannforinvitingme tocontributetothisbookseries. Furtherthanks toTommyfor guidingmethrough my‘adventuresininput-outputanalysis’fromintroducingmetothe‘bignames’at myfirstconferencetosuggestingIspendtime inAustraliawithManfred Lenzen’s teamatISAinSydney.ThesixmonthsIspentinSydneywerethemostproductive ofmytimespentonthisstudyandIthankManfred,Arne,DanandKirsten(again), along with Christian Reynolds, Kjartan Steen-Olsen and Joy Murray for all your support and making me feel most welcome. I hope the ‘toaster incident’ has been long forgiven. Withoutthesupportoffriendsandfamily,mytimeworkingonthiswouldhave certainly been a less enjoyable experience. Sorry for boring you with talk of matrices and I appreciate you humouring me when I invented the world’s first MRIO joke1. Thank you Simon for sticking around – life’s more fun with two. Thanks also to Helen and Andy, Roy, Helen, David and Katie, Muriel, Hils, Deb, SueBandSueC, thequiz teamandthecarsharecrew.ThankyouMum andDad formany,manyyearsofsupportandstrengtheningmybeliefthatgirlscandogreat things. Finally apologies to IT support at the School of Earth and Environment for the havoc I caused with my slow running code. It’s been a learning experience. 1HowdidtheMRIOresearchergetabetternight’ssleep?Sheinvertedhermattress. Endorsement Anne Owen did a splendid job in comparing the most important Global MultiregionalInput Output databases(GMRIO)available. Sheprobablyisthefirst to develop a good understanding what factors in GMRIO construction really con- tributetouncertaintiesincarbonfootprintanalysis.Agreatachievement,packedin easy to understand language! Prof. Arnold Tukker Scientific director CML Leiden, NL WithitsthoroughinvestigationsandclearexplanationsofthedifferencesinMRIO databases and outcomes, this book is compulsory reading for both skilled practi- tioners and scholars when starting any input-output analysis in a multiregional context. Dr. Harry C. Wilting Senior researcher, environment and economics PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, NL A novel exposition on understanding some of the biggest datasets underpinning current global sustainability assessments. Dr. Owen straddles technical incision withpractitionerrelevantinsightsandincludesarangeofmethodologicaladvances that will ensure the continued relevance of this work for many years to come. Prof. Richard Wood Industrial Ecology Program NTNU, Norway xi
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