Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy, Augmented and Virtual Reality PDF
Preview Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy, Augmented and Virtual Reality
Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy, Augmented and Virtual Reality Jin-Sung Kim Roger Härtl Michael Y. Wang Adrian Elmi-Terander Editors 123 Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Jin-Sung Kim • Roger Härtl Michael Y. Wang • Adrian Elmi-Terander Editors Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Navigation, Robotics, Endoscopy, Augmented and Virtual Reality Editors Jin-Sung Kim Roger Härtl Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurological Surgery Seoul St Mary’s Hospital Weill Cornell Medicine Center for The Catholic University of Korea Comprehensive Spine Care College of Medicine New York Presbyterian OCH SPINE Seoul, Korea (Republic of) New York, NY, USA Michael Y. Wang Adrian Elmi-Terander Department of Neurosurg & Rehab Department of Neurosurgery Medicine Karolinska University Hospital University of Miami Hospital Stockholm, Sweden Miami, FL, USA ISBN 978-981-19-0174-4 ISBN 978-981-19-0175-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0175-1 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword Publication of Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: 2&3D Navigation, Endoscopy, Robotics, and AR & VR, by Drs Kim, Hartl, Wang, and Terander, is not only timely, but it is a tremendously important contribution to spine surgery. When considering the current state of spine surgery, one could speculate that “minimally invasive spine surgery” is now relatively mature. “Image guidance” is in its adolescence; currently useful but continuing to develop. “Robotics, augmented and virtual reality,” however, are in their infancy. What place they will assume in spine surgery and how they will contribute to the advancement of our discipline are completely unknown! That is why the assembly of these chapters into one tome is criti- cally important. Each chapter is written by that techniques leading surgeon(s) and thought leader(s). By describing “beyond the state of the art” surgeries, and utilizing new and currently developing technologies, each author boldly demonstrates where recent developments are taking spine surgery. In doing so, it begs the reader to ask the questions which will guide us even further into the future. “What else can be done with this technique?” “How can we improve this technology even further?” “How can we utilize these techniques and technologies to make spine surgery safer and more effective for our patients?” We are fortunate to be living in an exciting time in which our ability to skillfully care for patients with spinal pathology is advancing at a staggering rate. Just a few decades ago, the surgeries we routinely perform today were unimaginable. It is my hope that this book will stimulate the next generation of spine surgeons to continue this creative revolution and take us to the next “unimaginable” plane of spinal surgery. Richard G. Fessler Department of Neurosurgery Rush Medical College Chicago, IL, USA v Foreword Spine surgery continues to evolve at an extremely rapid pace, as spine sur- geons strive to incorporate novel technology to advance patient care. Concomitantly, novel technology applied in the medical field is a natural fit for spine surgery given the complexity of the cases, the delicate nature of the neurological anatomical structures, and the importance of precise and accu- rate surgery, in order to correct spinal pathology with optimal outcomes. This knowledge requires the collection of the most contemporary information in a proper textbook, which grouped together will transfer this critical knowledge to spine surgeons throughout the world. I believe the goals of this comprehen- sive textbook are to assemble the current thought-leaders on these novel indi- vidual topics and combine them in a collection that will serve as an educational reference for the implementation of these novel techniques, for spine surgeon generations to come. I have known all of the editors of this book for many years, and I highly respect each of them. If I were to create a list of the most cutting-edge spinal surgeons today, utilizing minimally invasive surgical techniques and robotics and navigation, the editors of this book would be at the top of the list. Each has a busy spine surgery practice, utilizing these newer techniques, and has developed a massive amount of expertise in their individual areas. Each is a highly sought-after speaker, educator, and leader in the world of spine sur- gery today. A project such as this textbook, led by this group of editors, can only be considered a significant work which will be seen as a landmark book for the current and next generation of spine surgeons. This book comprises 43 chapters on novel techniques, with 94 authors involved, who are at the forefront of the topics being discussed. I am extremely impressed with the assembled author list, and choice of the topics, which lead the reader through the basics of contemporary minimally invasive surgery, all the way into the future of education and predictions of how this will look into the future. The book begins with a history of minimally invasive spinal sur- gery and how it evolved with the introduction of navigation. The basic foun- dations of the principles of minimally invasive spinal surgery are brought forth, even delving into applications into anterior and lateral approaches to the spine. The entire spectrum is discussed, from the cervical spine, all the way to the thoracic and lumbar spine. The topic of navigation-guided mini- mally invasive spinal surgery is then expanded in detail, discussing decom- pressive techniques with tubular retractors, and evolving into endoscopic approaches. This is then expanded into fusion techniques, using microscopic vii viii Foreword and endoscopic approaches. Once again, the entire spine from the cervical down to the lumbar spine, is considered. The topic then progresses into robot- ics and the application of novel robotic technologies for minimally invasive spinal surgery. Once again, a comprehensive journey of robotics applied to the different areas of the spine, and for degenerative and deformities patholo- gies. The book finishes the topic of minimally invasive spinal surgery, with a look into virtual reality, and augmented reality for the same treatments, extending into future applications of education of these techniques. I am personally extremely excited to present this contemporary collection of topics on minimally invasive spinal surgery, using the advances in current technology, to serve as a landmark reference and educational compilation, for spine surgeons today. I am delighted to see this effort led by such a distin- guished and well-respected group of editors, and even more excited about the list of authors. I highly recommend this educational collection, for all spine surgeons today, not only to serve as an education on the most novel technolo- gies for minimally invasive spinal surgery today, but also as a peek into the future of spine surgery and education. In conclusion, the readers of this textbook are going to be treated to the entire gamut of minimally invasive spinal surgery using advances in modern technology, and I believe this will stimulate the younger generation of spine surgeons, to advance this topic into the future. I am confident that this will ultimately result in improved treatment outcomes for our patients suffering from spinal disorders. Jeffrey C. Wang USC Spine Center Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA Preface In our world of fast-paced technical advances, one may argue that a book on spine surgery relying on today’s cutting-edge technologies will be outdated before it is printed. Indeed, technological developments occur at an ever- increasing speed. However, the human body does not, and in surgical special- ties it is of great importance to recognize, understand, and implement those technologies which will bring the most benefit to the patients. Minimally invasive surgery, including endoscopy, has matured to become mainstream in spine surgery. Similarly, navigation, robotics, and augmented reality are fre- quently found in surgical centers. In this textbook, “Technical Advances in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: 2&3D Navigation, Endoscopy, Robotics, and AR & VR,” we have relied on experts, using these technologies in their practices, to present their insights and experiences. The intended audience includes all with a particular interest in advanced spine surgery, ranging from medical students to experienced spine surgeons. To the student, the contents may serve as an introduction to a world where technology and medicine inter- act to improve outcomes. To the experienced spine surgeon, it may serve as a resource in the development of their own medical practice. The aim is to pres- ent a comprehensive and structured summary of the field and suggest what comes next based on current developments and unsolved issues. To this end, we, the editors, believe that the chosen format is best suited. Seoul, Korea (Republic of) Jin-Sung Kim New York, NY, USA Roger Härtl Miami, FL, USA Michael Y. Wang Stockholm, Sweden Adrian Elmi-Terander ix Contents Part I Navigation Guided Spinal Fusion 1 History of Navigation Guided Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Jacob L. Goldberg, Sertac Kirnaz, Joseph A. Carnevale, Lynn McGrath, and Roger Härtl 2 Navigation Guided Single-Stage Lateral Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Raj Nangunoori, Jacob L. Goldberg, Joseph A. Carnevale, Lynn McGrath, Sertac Kirnaz, and Roger Härtl 3 The Six Pillars of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . 23 Basar Atalay, Sertac Kirnaz, Fabian Sommer, Jacob L. Goldberg, Lynn McGrath Jr, Branden Medary, and Roger Härtl 4 MI-TLIF with 3D Navigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Arvind G. Kulkarni, Pradhyumn Rathi, and Pritem A. Rajamani 5 Navigation Guided Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . 53 Masato Tanaka and Sagar B. Sharma 6 Navigation-Guided Spinal Fusion: MIS Fusion and Reconstruction in Complex Spine Disease and Deformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Ken Ishii, Norihiro Isogai, and Haruki Funao 7 Single-Stage Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Based on O-arm Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Jun Ouchida, Hiroaki Nakashima, and Tokumi Kanemura 8 The Role of 3D Navigation for MIS Cervical Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Tokumi Kanemura, Takamitsu Tokioka, and Kotaro Satake 9 Minimally Invasive Lateral Transpsoas Approach with Intraoperative CT Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Martina Dalolio, Davide Croci, Luca Valci, and Pietro Scarone xi xii Contents Part II N avigation Guided MIS Decompressive Spinal Surgery 10 Navigation Guided MIS Tubular Decompression in Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Kutbuddin Akbary and Jin-Sung Kim 11 Navigation-Guided Tubular Decompression in the Lumbar Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Sertac Kirnaz, Basar Atalay, Jacob L. Goldberg, Branden Medary, Lynn McGrath, Fabian Sommer, and Roger Härtl 12 EM-Based Navigation-Guided Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Bo-Lai Chen, Yong-Peng Lin, and Si-Yuan Rao 13 Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Lumbar Laminotomy . . . . . . . . 159 Akaworn Mahatthanatrakul, Yanting Liu, Claudia A. Covarrubias, and Jin-Sung Kim 14 O-arm Navigation-Guided Lumbar Foraminotomy . . . . . . . . . . 171 Kuo-Tai Chen, Jin-Sung Kim, and Nathaniel Brooks 15 EM-based Navigation-Guided Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Yong-Jin Li, Yong-Peng Lin, and Si-Yuan Rao 16 O-Arm Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Cervical Laminoforaminotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Vit Kotheeranurak and Jin-Sung Kim 17 Feasibility of Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Nicholas Ahye, Eric Quach, Erin Graves, Joseph Queenan, and Bong-Soo Kim 18 O-Arm Navigation-Guided Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Javier Quillo-Olvera, Diego Quillo-Olvera, Javier Quillo Reséndiz, Michelle Barrera Arreola, Claudia A.Covarrubias, and Jin-Sung Kim 19 O-Arm Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Yadhu K. Lokanath, Yanting Liu, Jin-Sung Kim, and Claudia A. Covarrubias 20 Virtu4D Navigation-Guided Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Xuexiao Ma, Chuanli Zhou, Chao Wang, and Derong Xu
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