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TEACHYOURSELFPANJABI Page 1 www.sikhbookclub.com TEACH YOURSELF PANJABI (BASEDONMODERNMOSTLINGUISTIC,PEDAGOGICAL ANDPSYCHOLOGICALMETHODOLOGIES) Dr.HARDEVBAHRI M.A., M.O.L.,Ph.D.,D.Litt. PUBLICAnONBUREAU PUNJABIUNIVERSITY, PATIALA Page 2 www.sikhbookclub.com C> Punjabi University,Patiala EDITORIALCOMMITTEE HarbansSingh: Editor-in-Chief HarminderSinghKohli:AssistantEditor SardarSinghBhatia: Reader DharamSingh:Reader GumekSingh:Lecturer MajorGurrnukhSingh(Retd.):ResearchAssistant GurcharanSinghGiani:ResearchScholar ISBN-81-738o-393-5 2011 Copies: 1100 Price:220.00 PublishedbyDr.ManjitSir.gh,Registrar,PunjabiUniversity,Patialaand PrintedatAnandSons,Delhi. Page 3 www.sikhbookclub.com PREFACE This course in Panjabi is meant for adults. Thechild, of course,hasagreaterfelicity inlearninga language. Butwecan learna newlanguagewith moredexterity,efficiencyandspeed. Missionaries do it. Why can't we ? It is the experience of all advanced countries thatmoreand moreadults-military men, tourists, traders,scholars,socialworkers, politicalandreligious leaders-are learning secondary languages. Indians are, of course,quite backwardinthissense. Beforewedesiretolearna foreign language, we should master a number of Indian languages. It is sad that a Bengali does not understand an Andhra, a Gujrati does not understand a Panjabi, as well as a Panjabi does not understand a Maharashtrian and so on. Learning another language is learning the way of life and thinking of a people. Learning means understanding and this contributestospiritualand~lturalintegration.Thisbookinvites you to learn Panjabi-a language which is very important strategicallyandculturally.Primarilydesignedfornon-Panjabi Indians who know English, this course will greatly help foreigners whomaybeinterestedinthelanguage.Butitwillbe ofuseeventoPanjabiswhoshouldbecurioustoknowthesystem oftheirmother-tongue. The planofthecourseisscientificandmostmodern.Itis pedagogically experimented, linguistically well-based and psychologically sound. In the first section, the Panjabi script, called'Gurmukhi' hasbeenintroduced.Identificationofsymbolsisveryessential Page 4 www.sikhbookclub.com (vi) TEACH YOURSELFPANJABI for learningacoursethrougha book.Tofacilitatethisobjective, Romanscriptisused.Thestudent,however,isadvisedtoidentify allsounds properly becausethis propofRoman pronunciation has beengiven only for a few days. This duplication ofscripts forPanjabiwould becarriedonlyuptopage27,althoughitwill berefreshed ina revi..ionatpp.42-45.Ifthelearnerfeels thathe has notfully grasped the Gurmukhiscript, he is advised not to proceedfurther. If,atanystage,heforgets asymbol,heshould refertopp.2-4. The second section is on 'Prollunciation and Reading'. Listeningandspeakingconstitutethefundamentalsoflanguage learning.Themodernstudentisluckyinhavingalargenumber of aids- tape-recorders, radios, films, etc. He has facilities to liveinthecultureofalanguage,listenandspeaktonatives.We havegivenelaboraterulesofpronunciation.Butlanguageislearnt bysustainedpracticeratherthanbyrules. ThethirdsectionteachesthemethodofwritingGurmukhi letters,whichareextremelyeasytomanipulate. The first three sections prepare the student to launch a courseoflanguagestudywhichactuallystartsfromsection4on 'Structures'. The Grammar of Panjabi is taught in 43 patterns, whichhavebeenbasedonlogicalandlinguisticgradations.They acquaint thestudentwith thesystem ofPanjabi language and guaranteeeaseand rapidityin thelearningprocess. About700 basic words of the language have been introduced in these patterns.Revisionexerciseshavebeenaddedatintervals. It has been experienced that there are elements in a languagewhichescapepatternization.Itisherethatstructural method does notcarry us any further. Patterns are useful for beginners.Thereisa higherlevelofPanjabilanguagewhichwe havechosen to call "superstructure" (Section5).Itintroduces a bit complicated patterns and elaborate vocabularie~,and Page 5 www.sikhbookclub.com PREFACE (vii) expla,insexceptions.Thereare23suchlessonswhichlookrather stuffy.Butafterthestudent'sinitiationhasbeencompletedand interest developed, these lessons will be quite comfortable. Overlearningisverynecessary. Mostofthelessonsmaybedone in morethanonesitting. Lastlycomesthemostimportantsectionofthecourse,'the Reader'. It contains 17 graded lessons including situational dialogues, narratives, stories, etc. The texts have literal and orderlymeaningsgivenundereachwordandparticle.Thatwill further help the student to understand fully thestructure and natureofthePanjabilanguage.Thelearneriscautionedtonote particularly the contrasts between Panjabi and English. This sectioncanbeconvenientlystudied immediatelyaftersection4, ifthestudentwantstoavoidthelexicalburdenofSection5which canbetakenafterSection6. Linguistic and culturalnotes have been appended at the endofeachlesson. The book expects cumulative learning. The student will not benefit much if he forgets the earlier lessons, although attempts have been made to revise and refresh the material at times. This course has made full use of all the methods so far evolved in teaching or learnmg a secondary language comparative, contrastive, structural, transformational, situational-cum-analytical and pedagogical. It also claims to makeitsowncontributiontothedevelopmentofmethodologyin languagelearning.Themanuscriptofthebookwas preparedin 1967.Butduetoprintingdifficulties,itlayinactiveforaboutfive years. This fact has to be mentioned because Ifeel that Icould introducesomenewfeatures whichexperienceandstudyhave taughtme,butthat mightmean therevisionofthe wholework. Still, Ibelievethatby undergoing thiscourse,a studentwillbe Page 6 www.sikhbookclub.com (viii) TEACH YOURSELFPANJABI enabled to use the language efficiently and read, write and understand Panjabi properlyand masterfully. Heisadvised to follow up thisstudy by reading Panjabiperiodicals and books and listening to radio programmes, especially the village programmesand women's programmes. Languagelearning,it mustberemembered,should geacontinuousprocess. IamthankfultoSardarKirpalSinghNarang,Vice-Olancellor, forinvitingmetowritethiscourse,andtoDr.PiaraSingh,Head of Translation Department for his valuable co-operation. My brother,Dr.S.R. Bahri,ReaderinLinguistics,alsohelped inthe productionofthisbook. 10, Darbhanga Castle, Hardev Bahri Allahabad-2 26.1.73 Page 7 www.sikhbookclub.com CONTENTS PREFACE (v) 1. Gurmukhi Alphabet 1-6 1.1 Vowels 1 1.2 Consonants 2 1.3 Recognition madeeasy 3 1.4 Vowelsagain 3 1.5 Conjunct consonants 4 1.6 Long consonants 5 1.7 Abbreviation 5 1.8,1.9Transcription 5,6 2. PronunciationandReading 7-21 2.1 Vowels 7 2.2 VowelClusters 10 2.3 Consonants 11 2.4 Long Consonants 16 2.5 ConsonantClusters 16 2.6 Stress 17 2.7 Tones 17 ReadingExercises 19 3. Writing 22-24 3.1 WithoutVerticalLine 22 3.2 WithVerticalLine 22 3.3 ;:r,g 23 3.4 Similarletters 23 3.5 Matras 23 Page 8 www.sikhbookclub.com (x) TEACHYOURSElfPANJABI 3.6 Bindi and tipi· 23 I 3.7 Adhak 23 3.8 Punctuationmarks 23 3.9 Figures 23 3.10 Readand Write 23 4. Structures[LessonsinPatterns] 25-86 1. What is this ? 25 2. Is ita book? 26 3. Singular-Plural 27 4. Adjectives 28 5. AttributiveandPredicativeAdjectives 29 6. Imperative(Command) 31 7. Infinitive 31 8. Whatis hedoing? 33 9. PresentTense 34 10. TheObject 35 Revision 36 11. Whois he? 40 12A. Genitive 41 12B. Postpositionsforto,from,on 42 12C. Postpositionsforwith,from, 43 for, innear,fromnear 120. Postpositionsforover,on,below,in front, behind,inside,outside,near, opposite,after 44 12E. Adjectivesinobliqueform 45 13. PastTense-(v.i.) 46 14. PastTense- (v.l.) 47 15. Subjunctive 48 16. Future 49 17. Moreauxiliaries 50 18A. ExtensionsofPresentParticiple 51 Page 9 www.sikhbookclub.com CONTENTS (XI) 18B. ExtensionsofPastParticiple 52 Revision Exercises 53 19A. Adverbs 54 19B. MoreAdverbs 55 20. ContinuanceinCompoundVerb 56 21. HabitinVerb 57 22A. NecessityinVerb 58 22B. CompoundVerbswith Roots 59 22C. Compoundswithpresentparticiple 60 22D. CompoundswithInfinitives 60 23. Absolutive 62 24. Causals 63 25. DoubleCausals 64 Revision 65 26. Should 67 27. PassiveVoice 67 28. ~ 68 29. Vocative 69 30. })fTl.I/ »(Ti[and~ 70 31. Repetitivesand Echo-words 71 32. Particles 72 33. Conjunctions 73 34. Interjections 75 35. DegreesofComparison 75 Revision 76 36. Oratiorecta 78 37. Relativeandcorrelativelinks 79 38. Questionandanswertags 80 39. Adj~ctivalandAdverbialDoublets 81 40. Pronominalsuffixes 82 41. Participlesasadjectives 83 42. Numerals 83 43 A. TellingTime-l 84 43B. TellingTime- 2 85 Page 10 www.sikhbookclub.com

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