Teach Yourself Panjabi

245 Pages·2016·7.62 MB·English

by  Bahri H.

TEACHYOURSELFPANJABI
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TEACH
YOURSELF PANJABI
(BASEDONMODERNMOSTLINGUISTIC,PEDAGOGICAL
ANDPSYCHOLOGICALMETHODOLOGIES)
Dr.HARDEVBAHRI
M.A., M.O.L.,Ph.D.,D.Litt.
PUBLICAnONBUREAU
PUNJABIUNIVERSITY, PATIALA
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C>
Punjabi University,Patiala
EDITORIALCOMMITTEE
HarbansSingh: Editor-in-Chief
HarminderSinghKohli:AssistantEditor
SardarSinghBhatia: Reader
DharamSingh:Reader
GumekSingh:Lecturer
MajorGurrnukhSingh(Retd.):ResearchAssistant
GurcharanSinghGiani:ResearchScholar
ISBN-81-738o-393-5
2011
Copies: 1100
Price:220.00
PublishedbyDr.ManjitSir.gh,Registrar,PunjabiUniversity,Patialaand
PrintedatAnandSons,Delhi.
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PREFACE
This course in Panjabi is meant for adults. Thechild, of
course,hasagreaterfelicity inlearninga language. Butwecan
learna newlanguagewith moredexterity,efficiencyandspeed.
Missionaries do it. Why can't we ? It is the experience of all
advanced countries thatmoreand moreadults-military men,
tourists, traders,scholars,socialworkers, politicalandreligious
leaders-are learning secondary languages. Indians are, of
course,quite backwardinthissense. Beforewedesiretolearna
foreign language, we should master a number of Indian
languages. It is sad that a Bengali does not understand an
Andhra, a Gujrati does not understand a Panjabi, as well as a
Panjabi does not understand a Maharashtrian and so on.
Learning another language is learning the way of life and
thinking of a people. Learning means understanding and this
contributestospiritualand~lturalintegration.Thisbookinvites
you to learn Panjabi-a language which is very important
strategicallyandculturally.Primarilydesignedfornon-Panjabi
Indians who know English, this course will greatly help
foreigners whomaybeinterestedinthelanguage.Butitwillbe
ofuseeventoPanjabiswhoshouldbecurioustoknowthesystem
oftheirmother-tongue.
The planofthecourseisscientificandmostmodern.Itis
pedagogically experimented, linguistically well-based and
psychologically sound.
In the first section, the Panjabi script, called'Gurmukhi'
hasbeenintroduced.Identificationofsymbolsisveryessential
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(vi) TEACH YOURSELFPANJABI
for learningacoursethrougha book.Tofacilitatethisobjective,
Romanscriptisused.Thestudent,however,isadvisedtoidentify
allsounds properly becausethis propofRoman pronunciation
has beengiven only for a few days. This duplication ofscripts
forPanjabiwould becarriedonlyuptopage27,althoughitwill
berefreshed ina revi..ionatpp.42-45.Ifthelearnerfeels thathe
has notfully grasped the Gurmukhiscript, he is advised not to
proceedfurther. If,atanystage,heforgets asymbol,heshould
refertopp.2-4.
The second section is on 'Prollunciation and Reading'.
Listeningandspeakingconstitutethefundamentalsoflanguage
learning.Themodernstudentisluckyinhavingalargenumber
of aids- tape-recorders, radios, films, etc. He has facilities to
liveinthecultureofalanguage,listenandspeaktonatives.We
havegivenelaboraterulesofpronunciation.Butlanguageislearnt
bysustainedpracticeratherthanbyrules.
ThethirdsectionteachesthemethodofwritingGurmukhi
letters,whichareextremelyeasytomanipulate.
The first three sections prepare the student to launch a
courseoflanguagestudywhichactuallystartsfromsection4on
'Structures'. The Grammar of Panjabi is taught in 43 patterns,
whichhavebeenbasedonlogicalandlinguisticgradations.They
acquaint thestudentwith thesystem ofPanjabi language and
guaranteeeaseand rapidityin thelearningprocess. About700
basic words of the language have been introduced in these
patterns.Revisionexerciseshavebeenaddedatintervals.
It has been experienced that there are elements in a
languagewhichescapepatternization.Itisherethatstructural
method does notcarry us any further. Patterns are useful for
beginners.Thereisa higherlevelofPanjabilanguagewhichwe
havechosen to call "superstructure" (Section5).Itintroduces a
bit complicated patterns and elaborate vocabularie~,and
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PREFACE (vii)
expla,insexceptions.Thereare23suchlessonswhichlookrather
stuffy.Butafterthestudent'sinitiationhasbeencompletedand
interest developed, these lessons will be quite comfortable.
Overlearningisverynecessary. Mostofthelessonsmaybedone
in morethanonesitting.
Lastlycomesthemostimportantsectionofthecourse,'the
Reader'. It contains 17 graded lessons including situational
dialogues, narratives, stories, etc. The texts have literal and
orderlymeaningsgivenundereachwordandparticle.Thatwill
further help the student to understand fully thestructure and
natureofthePanjabilanguage.Thelearneriscautionedtonote
particularly the contrasts between Panjabi and English. This
sectioncanbeconvenientlystudied immediatelyaftersection4,
ifthestudentwantstoavoidthelexicalburdenofSection5which
canbetakenafterSection6.
Linguistic and culturalnotes have been appended at the
endofeachlesson.
The book expects cumulative learning. The student will
not benefit much if he forgets the earlier lessons, although
attempts have been made to revise and refresh the material at
times.
This course has made full use of all the methods so far
evolved in teaching or learnmg a secondary language
comparative, contrastive, structural, transformational,
situational-cum-analytical and pedagogical. It also claims to
makeitsowncontributiontothedevelopmentofmethodologyin
languagelearning.Themanuscriptofthebookwas preparedin
1967.Butduetoprintingdifficulties,itlayinactiveforaboutfive
years. This fact has to be mentioned because Ifeel that Icould
introducesomenewfeatures whichexperienceandstudyhave
taughtme,butthat mightmean therevisionofthe wholework.
Still, Ibelievethatby undergoing thiscourse,a studentwillbe
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(viii) TEACH YOURSELFPANJABI
enabled to use the language efficiently and read, write and
understand Panjabi properlyand masterfully. Heisadvised to
follow up thisstudy by reading Panjabiperiodicals and books
and listening to radio programmes, especially the village
programmesand women's programmes. Languagelearning,it
mustberemembered,should geacontinuousprocess.
IamthankfultoSardarKirpalSinghNarang,Vice-Olancellor,
forinvitingmetowritethiscourse,andtoDr.PiaraSingh,Head
of Translation Department for his valuable co-operation. My
brother,Dr.S.R. Bahri,ReaderinLinguistics,alsohelped inthe
productionofthisbook.
10, Darbhanga Castle, Hardev Bahri
Allahabad-2 26.1.73
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CONTENTS
PREFACE (v)
1. Gurmukhi Alphabet 1-6
1.1 Vowels 1
1.2 Consonants 2
1.3 Recognition madeeasy 3
1.4 Vowelsagain 3
1.5 Conjunct consonants 4
1.6 Long consonants 5
1.7 Abbreviation 5
1.8,1.9Transcription 5,6
2. PronunciationandReading 7-21
2.1 Vowels 7
2.2 VowelClusters 10
2.3 Consonants 11
2.4 Long Consonants 16
2.5 ConsonantClusters 16
2.6 Stress 17
2.7 Tones 17
ReadingExercises 19
3. Writing 22-24
3.1 WithoutVerticalLine 22
3.2 WithVerticalLine 22
3.3 ;:r,g 23
3.4 Similarletters 23
3.5 Matras 23
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(x) TEACHYOURSElfPANJABI
3.6 Bindi and tipi· 23
I
3.7 Adhak 23
3.8 Punctuationmarks 23
3.9 Figures 23
3.10 Readand Write 23
4. Structures[LessonsinPatterns] 25-86
1. What is this ? 25
2. Is ita book? 26
3. Singular-Plural 27
4. Adjectives 28
5. AttributiveandPredicativeAdjectives 29
6. Imperative(Command) 31
7. Infinitive 31
8. Whatis hedoing? 33
9. PresentTense 34
10. TheObject 35
Revision 36
11. Whois he? 40
12A. Genitive 41
12B. Postpositionsforto,from,on 42
12C. Postpositionsforwith,from, 43
for, innear,fromnear
120. Postpositionsforover,on,below,in
front, behind,inside,outside,near,
opposite,after 44
12E. Adjectivesinobliqueform 45
13. PastTense-(v.i.) 46
14. PastTense- (v.l.) 47
15. Subjunctive 48
16. Future 49
17. Moreauxiliaries 50
18A. ExtensionsofPresentParticiple 51
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CONTENTS (XI)
18B. ExtensionsofPastParticiple 52
Revision Exercises 53
19A. Adverbs 54
19B. MoreAdverbs 55
20. ContinuanceinCompoundVerb 56
21. HabitinVerb 57
22A. NecessityinVerb 58
22B. CompoundVerbswith Roots 59
22C. Compoundswithpresentparticiple 60
22D. CompoundswithInfinitives 60
23. Absolutive 62
24. Causals 63
25. DoubleCausals 64
Revision 65
26. Should 67
27. PassiveVoice 67
28. ~ 68
29. Vocative 69
30. })fTl.I/ »(Ti[and~ 70
31. Repetitivesand Echo-words 71
32. Particles 72
33. Conjunctions 73
34. Interjections 75
35. DegreesofComparison 75
Revision 76
36. Oratiorecta 78
37. Relativeandcorrelativelinks 79
38. Questionandanswertags 80
39. Adj~ctivalandAdverbialDoublets 81
40. Pronominalsuffixes 82
41. Participlesasadjectives 83
42. Numerals 83
43 A. TellingTime-l 84
43B. TellingTime- 2 85
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