ebook img

Taxonomy of the species of Amphigerontia (Psocoptera: Psocidae) of the rocky mountains of the united states and Canada PDF

2007·7.1 MB·
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Taxonomy of the species of Amphigerontia (Psocoptera: Psocidae) of the rocky mountains of the united states and Canada

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 109(3). 2007, pp. 700-714 TAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES OF AMPHIGERONTIA (PSOCOPTERA: PSOCIDAE) OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA Edward L. Mockford and Johannes E. Anonby (ELM) DepartmentofBiological Sciences, CampusBox4120, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790^120, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (JEA) Sognetjordvegen 138, N-6863 Leikanger, Norway (e-mail: [email protected]) — Abstract. Five species of psocids of the genus Aiuphigerontia Kolbe 1880, are recorded from the Rocky Mountains of the United States and Canada. Aiuphigerontia longicanda, n. sp., is described. Amphigerontia petiolata (Banks) is recorded from the Rocky Mountains for the first time. The holotype of Amphigerontia infernicola (Chapman) is re-examined and described in detail. New characters for the separation of females of Amphigerontia bifasciata (Latreille) and Amphigerontia montivaga (Chapman) resulted in many new records of the latter species, previously known in the Rocky Mountains from only a single locality. Species-level characters are reviewed and several new ones are added. A key to the species known from North America north of Mexico is included. Key Words: Psocoptera. Psocidae, Amphigerontia., new species. Rocky Mountains Psocids of the genus Amphigerontia and is here named and described from are found throughout the Rocky Moun- material collected in Arizona, New Mex- tains of the United States and Canada. ico, and Colorado. Amphigerontia infer- These relatively large psocids sometimes nicola (Chapman) remains known only become abundant locally in late summer from the holotype male, collected at and autumn on the foliage and branches West Thumb, Yellowstone National ofconiferous trees. The species are much Park. Our restudy of the type makes alike in superficial appearance and accu- known several additional characters for rate identification of the Rocky Moun- recognition of this species. The other tain species is not possible with the three species have fairly wide distribu- existing literature. In this paper we tions elsewhere in North America attempt to resolve this problem with (Mockford 1993). Amphigerontia petio- a new evaluation of characters, new lata (Banks) is recorded for the first time diagnoses, and a revised key to the from the Rocky Mountains, with local- species. It should be noted that the term ities in New Mexico and southern "Rocky Mountains" as used here in- Arizona. Amphigerontia montivaga cludes the desert ranges of New Mexico, (Chapman) was previously known in Arizona, and Utah and also an area west the Rocky Mountains from a single of the mountains in British Columbia. locality in west-central Colorado. Prior Five species are now known from the to the present study, many females of Rocky Mountains. One of these is new this species were misidentified as Amphi- VOLUME NUMBER 109, 3 701 gerontia bifasciata (Latreille) and the fact Illustrations were made with the aid of that it is well represented in the central a drawing tube (body parts) and micro and northern Rocky Mountains went projector (wings). Measurements (ex- unnoticed. Amphigerontia bifasciata oc- pressed in |a.m) were made on slide- curs throughout the Rocky Mountains mounted parts with a filar micrometer. and north ofthemountains in the Yukon Color descriptions are based on observa- and Northwest Territories (Mockford tions through a dissecting microscope 1993). Without presenting its copious with direct light on specimens preserved collection data, we summarize its geo- in 80% or 95% ethyl alcohol for various graphic, seasonal, altitudinal, and habi- periods of time. tat distribution in the study area. Abbreviations used in the descriptions A key to the species of Amphigerontia and measurements are as follows: FW = known from the U.S. and Canada is forewing, HW = hindwing, F = hind presented in which Amphigerontia con- femur, T = hind tibia, tl and t2 = hind = taminata (Stephens) is included. This first and second tarsomeres, tlct European species has become established number of ctenidiobothria (comb-based = on conifers at Vancouver, B.C. Amphi- setae) on hind first tarsomere, fl-f3 gerontia continues southward through first to third antennal flagellomeres, lO the mountains of Mexico and Central = least distance between compound eyes, America, but the fauna of that area is d = lateral diameter ofa compound eye, too poorly known for proper systematic lO/d = index thus obtained, vl-v3 = treatment at present. first to third valvulae (ventral, dorsal, and lateral valvulae or gonapophyses respectively). Materials and Methods All measurements except those of the Collecting by ELM was done in the type o^A. infernicola represent a mean of field seasons of 1963, 1966, 1969, 1987, two measurements from two individuals 2001, 2002, and 2003. His former stu- from different localities. dent, D.M. Sullivan, collected in Ari- zona, New Mexico, and Colorado in the Evaluation of Characters field seasons of 1984 and 1985. JEA Species-level characters for the North collected at two localities in central American species have not been evaluat- British Columbia in August, 1993. Other ed thoroughly, and some new ones have A material, primarily from Utah, is on loan been found in the present study. from Utah State University. Approxi- review and evaluation of characters for mately 3,000 adult specimens were ex- species discrimination follows. amined. Major types as well as some paratypes 1) Head characters. ofthe single new species will be deposited a) Male lO/d. This index is relatively in the collection of the Illinois Natural constant except in A. bifasciata. In History Survey (INHS) Champaign, that species, much inter-popula- Illinois. The remaining paratypes will tional variation is seen, resulting be retained in the collection of ELM, in overlap with A. montivaga. currently housed in the Department of b) Extent of sexual dimorphism in Biological Sciences, Illinois State Uni- eye size. Female eyes are of versity, Normal, Illinois. The type of A. a relatively constant small size. infernicola is in the collection of the The eyes of the male A. petiolata Department of Entomology, Cornell are nearly the same size as those University, Ithaca, New York (CUIC). of the female. In the other species 702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON males have much larger eyes than each species is included in the females. The greatest difference is descriptions, in some populations of A. hifas- b) Male terminal abdominal char- ciata. lO and d are indicated acters. The epiproct and para- separately and as an index in the procts appear to offer no useful descriptions. characters at the light-microscopic level. 2) Forewing characters. (1) Median distal hypandrial pro- a) Relative length of rs-m crossvein cess, (Figs. 4, 9, 14, 23, 31). (Fig. 28). This crossvein, found This structure terminates dis- throughout the genus, tends to be tally in a single point in A. shortest in A. rnontivaga, longest bifasciata and A. petiolata, but in A. infernicola, and intermediate is slender throughout in the in the other species, with A. former and broad-based and bifasciata towards the longer end tapering distally in the latter and A. longicauda n. sp. towards species. In the others, it ends the shorter end and overlapping in two points and slight differ- with A. rnontivaga. ences in shape may be ob- b) Extent of development of the served. Caution must be exer- nodal band (cf. Lienhard, 1998: cised in the case of A. fig. 7c). This character is highly rnontivaga, where variation in sexually dimorphic and is useful the shape of this structure is as an identification aid primarily notable. On its dorsal surface for females. It is consistently wide the median distal process bears and well-pigmented in A. rnonti- a lobe, here termed the dorsal vaga (Fig. 21), variable but over- lobe (Fig. 14, d), apposing the lapping with A. rnontivaga in A. outer (ventral) surface of the bifasciata (Fig. 2), somewhat nar- process. This lobe appears to rower than in A. rnontivaga but be relatively much shorter in well-pigmented in A. longicauda A. infernicola than in A. bifas- (Fig. 12), and very poorly devel- ciata, A. rnontivaga, and A. oped in A. petiolata (Fig. 29). Chapman (1930) mentioned this longicauda. In A. petiolata, it is a short rim, forming a shal- band as "inconspicuouslymarked" low cavity enclosed ventrally in A. infernicola but did not illus- by the ventral wall of the trate it. process. 3) Abdominal characters. (2) Lateral distal hypandrial pro- cesses (Figs. 5, 10, 15, 24, 31). a) Color pattern of the preclunial Shape of this structure and segments (Figs. 3, 16, 22, 30). extent of its outer crest are These patterns are in subcuticular constant within and differ pigment and do not maintain their among the species in this positions well in specimens that study. Care must be taken to have been much handled. Al- orient the structure uniformly though they are essentially the in a temporary preparation. same in both sexes, they are more (3) Phallomeres (paired skeletal easily seen in females due to the elements of the phallosome, larger abdomen. The pattern of joined by membrane). These VOLUME NUMBER 109, 3 703 Figs. 1-8. Arnphigerontia hifasciata. 1, Male, forewing. 2, Female, forewing. 3, Female, abdomen, lateral view. 4, Male, median distal hypandrial process, scale of Fig. 5. 5, Male, right distal hypandrial process. 6, Female, subgenital plate. 7, Female, spermapore plate. 8, Female, ovipositor valvulae (ml = median lobe, dl = distal lobe). Scaleforwings and abdomen = 1.0 mm; all otherscales = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise. are ofvery limited value in the others no reliable differences group ofspecies under study. A were found. rounded crest on the distal end bearing large denticles (Fig. 32) separates A. petiolata from the c) Female terminal abdominal char- other species, but among the acters. As in the male there appear 704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON to be no reliable epiproctal or bifasciata and A. montivaga, but paraproctal characters. in A. longicauda and A. petiolata the shape and/or extent of pig- mentation of this structure sep- (1) Subgenital plate. Three cate- arate each from the other spe- gories of characters may be cies. We have illustrated the distinguished: structure for each species (Figs. 7, 18, 26, 34). (1 a) Length and shape of the distal lobe or egg guide. This structure readily sepa- (3) Ovipositor valvulae. rates A. longicauda from the others (Fig. 17 vs. (3 a) vl. Except for its relatively Figs. 6, 25, and 33). Al- greater length in A. long- though some intraspecific icauda, this structure of- variationexistsinthisstruc- fers no other information. ture in both A. bifasciata (3 b) v2. In A. petiolata the outer and A. montivaga, it can be surface bears tubercles used to separate these two reminiscent of barnacles species (Figs. 6, 25). (Fig. 35). These structures (1 b) Pigmentation pattern of are present, but less obvi- the basal region. Beyond ous, on the other species. a major difference in In A. longicauda, v-2 is shape between A. petio- relativelymuchlongerthan lata and the other spe- in the other species. cies, only the relative (3 c) v3. This is a complex struc- length and shape of the ture in Amphigerontia, con- median pigment band sisting of a basal, setose (Fig. 25, mpb) is impor- region separated by a line tant in distinguishing and an indentation on the species, and even in this medial face, from a gla- character some intraspe- brous distal region. The cific variation occurs. distal region consists of a (1 c) Fine setae arising from large median lobe (Fig. 8, elongate follicles on the ml) and a smaller distal neck or base of the egg lobe (Fig. 8, dl) protruding guide (Figs. 6, 17, 25 fs, perpendicular to the medi- 33). These have not been an lobe near its outer sur- observed previously, and face. In A. bifasciata, the they have not been re- median lobe is relatively ported in other genera. large and its apex is orient- Differences among spe- ed at a decided angle to the cies may exist in their basal region (Fig. 8). In the number, follicular size, other species, it is relatively and arrangement. smaller and sits more near- ly parallel to the basal re- gion. The distal lobe shows (2) Spermapore plate. No reliable some differences in length difference is found between A. among the species. VOLUME NUMBER 109, 3 705 Figs. 9-17. Amphigerontia spp. 9-10, A. infernicola, male. 9, Median distal hypandrial process. 10, Rightdistalhypandrialprocess. 11-17,A. longicauda. 11, Male, forewing. 12, Female, forewing. 13, Male, phallomeres. 14, Male, median distal hypandrial process, scale ofFig. 9 (d = dorsal lobe). 15, Male, left distal hypandrial process. 16, Female, abdomen, lateral view. 17, Female, subgenitalplate. Scaleforwings and abdomen = 1.0 mm; all other scales = 0.1 mm. Diagnoses and Descriptions by Mockford (1993:293-297). The species dealt with here are all essentially ahke in A diagnosis of the genus and a key to color of the head, thorax, antennae, and the North American genera of the sub- legs, so that these features are described family Amphigerontiinae were presented only for the single new species. Any 706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON notable differences in other species are 5445; HW = 3972; F = 800; T = 1707; tl mentioned. Synonymies are shortened to = 478; t2 = 186; tlct = 21, fl = 736; f2 = include only the original description and 554; f3 = 496; lO = 616; d = 200. — first use of the present combination. Distribution (summary). At the sou- Complete synonymies may be found in thern end of the Rocky Mountains, the Lienhard and Smithers (2002). Chiricahua Mountains of southern Ar- izona, large numbers of adults were Amphigerontia bifasciata (Latreille 1799) collected in early September (1984, m Psocus bifasciatus Latreille 1799: 144. 1985) at elevations of 2225-2804 on Amphigerontia bifasciata: Ball 1926: 332. Pinus flexilis James, Pinus ponderosa — Lawson, Abies concolor Gordon and Descriptive notes. Male eyes large, Glendinning, Pseudotsuga menziesii lO/d ~ 1.44. Sexual dimorphism in eye (Mirbel), Acer negimdo Linneaus, Popu- ~ size marked; female lO/d 3.10. In his sp., and Quercus rugosa Nee. Numer- forewing, (Figs. 1, 2) rs-m crossvein ous nymphs (species identification based relatively long. Nodal band in male on abdominal color pattern) were still consisting only of faint pigmentation present at that time on P. ponderosa at along vein Rs before crossveinM, along 2560 m. In Teller County, Colorado, (ca. crossvein, continuingalongvein before 840 km north), many adults and nymphs crossvein, along vein Cul in its basal half, were collected in late July and early and at nodulus. In female, nodal band August (1984, 1985) at elevations of broken between base of pterostigma and 2073-3170 m, on Pinus aristata Engel- vein Rs, otherwise complete but rather mann, Pirms cembroides Zuccarini, P. narrow in middle and sometimes broken ponderosa, Populus angustifolia James, in cell Culb. Preclunial abdominal color Populus tremuloides Michaux, Ribes spp., pattern (Fig. 3): ground color white; scrub oak {Quercus sp.), Salix amygda- segments 2-6 each with an incomplete loides Andersson, and Salix sp. Adults ring of reddish brown, absent ventrally; and a few nymphs persisted through highlygravid females usuallywith a break mid-September. North of central Colo- in each pigment band dorsolaterally, thus rado, sparse collecting has found the forming on each side a pale longitudinal species from Teton County, Wyoming, line. Median distal process of hypan- Shoshone County, Idaho, and Jefferson drium slender, terminating in a single and Glacier counties, Montana. These point (Fig. 4). Lateral distal hypandrial collections were made from late July process (Fig. 5) with long "muzzle," crest through late August, 1966, and consisted with relatively large denticles basally. almost entirely of adults. At present, we Phallomeres as in Fig. 13. Subgenital know of no records from the Canadian plate (Fig. 6): egg guide relatively short Rockies, but since records exist from but somewhat variable in length; median north ofthe mountains in the Northwest pigment band short, sometimes slightly and Yukon Territories (Mockford 1993: bifid at apex. Spermapore plate (Fig. 7). 298), it is reasonable to assume that the Ovipositor valvulae (Fig. 8): v2 with faint species occurs in those mountains. tubercles on outer surface; v3 with large median lobe projecting at a decided angle Amphigerontia infernicola to basal region. Measurements: Male: FW = 5558; HW (Chapman 1930) = 4420;F = 817; T= 1723; tl= 550; t2 = Psocus infernicolus Chapman 1930: 240. 176; tlct = 24; fl = 805; f2 = 628; f3 = Amphigerontia infernicola: Mockford 529; lO = 403; d = 283. Female: FW = 1993: 299. VOLUME NUMBER 109, 3 707 ^"^^^^^-'^A^k mpb J.m#^^r-r?in-:-i-:: / Figs. 18-25. Amphigerontia spp. 18-19, A. longicauda. 18, Female, spermapore plate. 19, Female, ovipositorvalvulae. 20-25, A. montivaga. 20, Male,forewing. 21, Female, forewing. 22, Female,abdomen, lateral view. 23, Male, median distal hypandrial process. 24, Male, right distal hypandrial process. 25, Female, subgenital plate (fs = fine setae, mpb = median pigment band). Scale for wings and abdomen = 1.0 mm; all other scales = 0.1 mm unless indicated otherwise. — 708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON — Descriptive notes. Known from male cream between lateral lobes ofmeso- and holotype only. Eyes relatively large. lO/ metanotum. Legs: coxae chestnut brown, d = 1.38. Right forewing missing and trochanters white, femora brown dorsal- distal half of left also missing, but ly, paler ventrally; tibiae and tarsi dark remainder showing a long rs-m cross- brown. Forewing (Fig. 11): pterostigma vein. Nodal band consisting only oflight and stiginasaum brown throughout ex- clouding along vein Rs before crossvein, cept narrow pale distal margin, but M along crossvein, along vein before darker in distal three-fifths than in basal crossvein, and at nodulus. Median distal region; antenodal band of three pale process ofhypandrium (Fig. 9) ending in spots, one in cell R, one in cell Culb, and pair ofpoints relatively widely separated; one in cell Cu2; nodal band developed dorsal lobe of median process relatively mostly as cloudy brown spot along vein short. Lateral distal hypandrial process Rs before crossvein, along crossvein, and M (Fig. 10) with short muzzle, slender neck, along vein before crossvein and a spot relatively short crest. at nodulus, mostly in cell Cu2; a pale Measurements: FW = ca. 6.0 mm brown spot in cell R5 behind radial fork; FW HW (estimate based on ratios of to cell lA faintly brown; remainder ofwing HW length in other species and length in clear. Hindwing clear. Abdomen: preclu- this specimen; agrees with figure in nial segments with ground color creamy original description); HW = 4556; F = white, pale pink, or grayish white; sterna 920; T = 1900; tl = 640; t2 missing; tlct pale purplish brown throughout; each of = 26. segments 2-7 with a transverse dorsal — Distribution. Known only from the band of pale purple above a broad holotype, collected at West Thumb, longitudinal band of ground color run- Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, ning entire length of preclunial region; 28 August 1927 (CUIC type no. 4838). latter band above a slenderer band of pale purple also running length of pre- Aniphigei'ontia longicauda Mockford and clunial region; latter band subtended by Anonby, new species another lengthwise band ofground color — Diagnosis. Median distal process of including spiracles. Terminal segments hypandrium (Fig. 14) terminating in pair dark brown. of points, its dorsal lobe relatively long. Male structural characters: See diag- Male eyes relatively small, lO/d ~ 2.09. nosis, also following. Antenna somewhat Lateral distal hypandrial process longer than body; flagellomeres with (Fig. 15) with two crests, one on the sparse upright setae ca. 2 X as long as muzzle. Subgenital plate (Fig. 17) with width of a segment. Median and frontal egg guide long, ca. 1.15 X length of ecdysial lines distinct. Ocellar field con- lateral pigmented arm. spicuous. Forewing venation (Fig. 11) Description. Male color (in 80% eth- typical of genus; rs-m crossvein slightly yl alcohol): Eyes black; rest of head shorter than Rs segment before it. cream marked with chestnut brown, the Phallomeres (Fig. 13). latter in broad band bordering ecdysial Male measurements: FW = 4914; HW line, broadening posteriorly to include = 3703; F = 792; T = 1670; tl = 493; t2 entire hind margin of vertex, an aggre- = 169; tlct = 22; fl = 769; f2 = 579; f3 gate ofsmall spotsmesad to eacheye, av- = 500; lO = 481; d = 231. shaped mark open anteriorly on frons Female color: Head, thorax, antenna, before ocellar field, and slender vertical and legs as in male. Forewing (Fig. 12) lines on postclypeus. Antenna black. as in male except spots of antenodal Thorax chestnut brown with streak of band darker, nodal band continuous but VOLUME 109, NUMBER 3 709 rs-m Figs 26-35 Amphigerontia spp. 26-27, A. montivaga. 26, Female, spermapore plate. 27. Female, ovipositorvalvulae. 28-35, A.petiolata. 28, Male, forewing(rs-m = rs-mcrossvein). 29, Female,forewmg, scale ofFig 28 30 Female, abdomen, lateralview. 31, Male, medianandleftdistal hypandnal processes. v3a2lvMuallaee'spchaallelsomfeo'rrewsi.n3g3s,aFnedmaalbe,dosmubegnen=ita1l.0plmamte;. 3al4l,oFtehmearlesc,alSepser=ma0.p1ormempluatnel.es3s5,inFdeimcaaltee,d oovtihperowsiisteo.r

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.