Taxonomic Studies of Himalayan Potentilla (Rosaceae). I. P. makaluensis, a New Species in Sect. Leptostylae

6 Pages·1992·0.38 MB·English

by  Hiroshi Ikeda

植物研究雑誌
J. Jpn. Bot.
67: 148-153 (1992)
Taxonomic Studies of Himalayan Potentilla (Rosaceae). 1.
P. makaluensis，a New Species in Sect. Leptostylae
Hiroshi lKEDA and Hideaki OHBA
Department of Botany，Un iversity Museum，Un iversity of Tokyo，
7・3-1Hongo，B unkyo-ku，T okyo，1 13 JAPAN
ヒマラヤ産キジムシロ属(パラ科)の分類学的研究 I
Leptostylae節の 1新種
池田博，大場秀章
東京大学総合研究資料館植物部門 113東京都文京区本郷 7-3-1
(Received on October 22，1 991)
A new Himalayan Potentilla in the section Leptostylae，P. makaluensis，is described. Potentilla
makaluensis occurs only in eastern Nepal，an d similar to P. microphylla and P. commutata，b ut differs
in some morphqlogical characters. Potentilla makaluensis has am at-like structure consisting of long，
slender rhizomes with af ew scaly leaves while P. microphylla has profusely branched under ground
rhizome forming cushion and P. commutata is rosulate with few branched rhizomes. In the lat1er
two species，t he rhizomes have no scaly leaves. The number of leaflets of P. makaluensis is 9-11
and apparently fewer than those of P. microphylla with 15-27 and P. commutata with 13-31.
Petals of P. makaluensis are elliptic to broad ovate while those of P. microphylla and P. commutata
are ovate to elliptic.
Genus Potentilla (Rosaceae) consists of about except P. anserina L. ranging from seacoasts to
300 species，d istributed mainly in the Northern mountain regions of Asia，Eu rope，N America and
Hemisphere from temperate to arctic or alpine the Southern Hemisphere，N ew Zealand and Chile.
regions. This genus is usually divided into two Rousi (1965) found that P.αnserina showed much
groups，T richocarpae with shrubby or ligneous variation in the Himalaya. She concluded that the
habit and Gymnocarpae with herbaceous habit Himalaya was the center of diversification of sect.
(Wolf 1908). There are four sections in Gymno- Leptostylae. For considering the relationships in
carpae，in which sect. Leptostylae (Wolf) YUe t Li genus Potentilla，se ct. Leptostylae is one of the key
is considered to be ap rimitive group (Yu and Li sections and the Himalaya is thought to be the best
1980，1 985). place to make biosystematic studies.
Section Leptostylae is concentrated to the alpine Even though Rousi's studies，th e circumscrip-
regions of the Himalaya and the southeast Asia tion of the Himalayan species is still not clear. One
-148ー
June 1992 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 67 No. 3 149
of the reason is that the ample materials have not maxime simi1is，se d aq ua planta tegetes formante
been accumulated because they grow in higher cum rhizomatibus gracilibus longe repentibus
elevations more than 4000 m，a nd another reason quibus foliis degeneratis sparse ornatis et stipulae
is that the reliability of morphological characters lobis membranceis adnatis statim dignoscenda. A
is not evaluated. In order to recognize the species， P. commutato Lehm. similis，s ed rhizomatibus
at least it is necessary to consider the variation as longe repentibus，f oliolis numero 9v el 11 (non
well as the stableness of the reliable morphological 13-31)，pi stillis numero 20-35 (nec 40-80)
羽田
characters of each species. differt.
During the participation in Japan-Nepal co- Perennial acaulescent herb，cr eeping with long
operative botanical research teams in 1988 and rhizomes and forming ad ense mat at wet place.
1990，I keda collected one Potentilla belonging to Rhizomes slender，1. 5-3.5 cm long，pa le brown
sect. Leptostylae in wet places near Shipton Pass， with sparse degenerated leaves of which stipules
north of Num，S ankhuwa Sabha District，K oshi surround the rhizomes. Radicalleaves numerous，
zone of eastern Nepal. After examining the for ming ar osset 2-4αn long; imparipinnate with
morphological characters，th is has become clear 4-5 pairs of lateral leaflets，p etiolate; petioles
to be an undescribed species. 4-10 mml ong; laminas oblanceolate，1 .5-4 cm
This paper aims to describe the new species，P. long，0 .6-1 cm wide，s trigose with apressed or
makaluensis，c omparing with its close relatives in ascending，st raight，st iff hairs on the petioles and
sect. Leptostylae. both surfaces of laminas (especially on under-
Potentilla makaluensis Ikeda et H. Ohba，s p. surface，m argins and veins). Terminal leaflet
nov. Figs. 1-2. subsessile，o blong to obovate，3 -7 mml ong，
Potentillo microphyllo D. Don primo adspectu 3-4.5 mmw ide，s errate with 5-9 teeth，l ateral
Fig. 1. Habit of Potentilla makaluensis.
150 植物研究雑誌第67巻第3号 平成4年6月
leaflets sessile，gr adually smaller towards the basal Sankhuwa Sabha Distr.: Khongma Kharka -
one. Stipules membranaceous，b rown，a dnate to Shipton Pass -Cha Ding Kharka，n ear Shipton
the middle of petiole，lo bes fused with each other Pass，87 010'E 27040'N，41 00 m alt. (M. Suzuki，
forming an arrow ovate or lanceolate laminar N. Naruhashi，N . Kurosaki，Y . Kadota，M .
structures. M加aki，S. Noshiro，M . N. Subedi and H. Ikeda
Peduncles axillary from radical leaves，1 .5-4 no. 8880826 on 20 July 1988，TI -holotype; KTM
・
cm long，wi th one or two cauline leaves. Cauline isotype); ibid. (M. M加aki，C. Yonebayashi，F.
leaves simple，ob lanceolate，ap ically 1-3 lobulate， Miyamoto，H. Takayama，H. Sugita，H. Yagi，M .
together with the peduncles strigose with appressed N. Subedi and H. Ikeda no. 9080215 on 7A ugust
or ascending，s traight，st iff hairs; stipules lower 1990，T I，K T恥1).
half fused，up per half greenish and laminar-form.
Flowers solitary， actinomorphic， opening Morphological differences. About twenty
upright，1 -1.5c m across. Hypanthia 0.5-0.8 cm species of sect. Leptostylae have been described
across. Epicalyx lobes 5，o blong to elliptic，2 -3 and reported from the Himalayan region のon
mmlo ng，1 -1.5m mw ide，ap ex acute，st rigose on 1825，L ehmann 1831，1 856，H ooker 1878，W olf
outer surface and margin，u pper half pilose with 1908，S mith 1914，H andel-Mazzetti 1933，1 939，
minute hairs. Calyx lobes 5，el liptic to ovate，3 -4 Fletcher 1950，Oh ashi 1979，Y u and Li 1980，19 81，
mml ong，2 -3 mmw ide，a pex acute to obtuse， 1985，G rierson and Long 1987，S ojak 1988a，
strigose with unicellular straight，ap pressed，st iff 1988b). Among them P. makaluensis is similar to
hairs on outer surface side and margin，gl abrous P. microphylla D. Don or P. commutata Lehm.
on inner surface，sh ort lanate on upper part of the in its gross appearance，b ut greatly differs by its
surface. Petals 5，sp reading，br ight yellow，ob ovate habit and other morphological characters. The
to broad obovate，a pex rotundate，5 .5-7 mm differences in significant morphological characters
long，5 -7 mmw ide. of these species are summarized (Table 1).
Stamens 20，3- circular; alternipetalous ones 5， Potentilla makaluensis has am at-like structure
from the inner circle long，2 -3.2 mm long; consisting of long，s lender rhizomes with af ew
oppositipetalous ones 5，f rom the middle circle scaly leaves (Fig. 2A) while P. microphylla has
short，1. 2-1.7m ml ong，t hose located between profusely branched under ground rhizome forming
petals and calyx lobes 10，f rom the outer circle， cushion and P. commutαta is rosulate with few
，
1.5-2.5 mml ong. Anthers orbicular，s ubbasal， branched rhizomes. In these two species，t he
圃
4 locules，0 .7-1 mml ong，0 .6-0.9 mmw ide， rhizomes have no scaly leaves.
dehiscent by longitudinal slits，br ight yellow before Potentilla mαkaluensis and P. commutata have
dehiscence. Pistils 22-35，c rowded on receptacles. membranaceous united stipule-lobes with round
Ovaries l-ovulate，el liptic to ovate，0 .7-0.9 mm apex，b ut P. microphylla has two free triangular
long，0 .6-1 mmw ide，s mooth. Styles lateral， stipule-lobes with acute apex. These two forms of
1-1.2 mml ong，n ot swollen at the base. Stigmas stipules are constant with no intermediate form
slightly or apparently inflated. Placenta located between them is found. The number of leaflets of
at ventrolateral side near style base. Chromosome P. makaluensis is 9-11 and apparently fewer than
number 2n= 14. those of P. microphylla with 15-27 and P.
Type and other specimens: Nepal. Koshi Zone. commutata with 13-31.
June 1992 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 67 No. 3 151
cr
c
Fig. 2. Potentilla makaluensis. A，h abit (x 1.3); B，pe tal (x 8.5); C，c alyx lobes，i nner
surface (upper) and outer surface (lower) (x 8.5); D，ep icalyx lobes，in ner surface (left) and
outer surface (right) (x 8.5); E，t hree types of stamens. Alternipetalous ones (left two)，
between petals and calyx lobes ones (middle two) and oppositipetalous ones (right two). For
each pair，i nner surface (left) and outer surface (right) (x 12); F，pi stil (x 12).
Petals of P. makαluensis are elliptic to broad deeply divided into two lobes but P. microphylla
ovate while P. microphylla如 dP. commutata are are lanceolate to broad lanceolate and usually
ob ovate to elliptic. Epicalyx lobes of P. makaluen- divided into two lobes. The surface of calyx lobes
sis are obovate，si mple or shallowly incised while of P. makαluensis and P. commutαta are short
，
those of P. commutata are obovate but often pubescent on upper side，b ut P. microphylla are
152 植物研究雑誌第67巻第3号 平成4年6月
Table 1. Cornparison of rnorphological characters of Potentilla makaluensis，P. microphylla
and P. commutata.
P. microphylla P. mαkaluensis P. commutata
Habit cushion-forrning rnat-forrning rosset
Rhizornes short，n o long，w ith a short，n o
scaly leaves few scaly leaves scaly leaves
Stipules free fused fused
No. of leaflets 15-27 9-11 13-31
Petals obovate to elliptic to obovate to
elliptic broad ovate elliptic
Epicalyx lobes lanceolate to obovate obovate
broad lanceolate
Surface of calyx lobes glabrous pubescent pubescent
No. of pistils 10-30 20-35 40-80
Length of styles 1.0-1.7r nrn 1.0-1.2 rnrn 0.4-0.8 rnrn
Habitat rocky slope or cliff wet place on shady silt
glabrous. The number of pistils of P. makaluensis of Agriculture for offering the photograph of
is 20-35，P . microphyUα10-30，b ut P. com- Potentilla makaluensis. This study was partly
mutata 40-80. The length of style of P. supported by the Grants-In-Aid for Overseas
mαkaluensis is 1-1.2 mm，P. microphylla 1-1.7 Scientific Research Nos. 63041060 (1988) and
mm，b ut P. commutata 0.4-0.8 mm. 02041088 (1990) from the Ministry of Education，
Ecology. These three species occur in the same Sciences and Culture，J ap an.
訂eane訂 ShiptonPass (Ikeda 1989)，bu t they grow
allopatrically. Potentilla makaluensis grows on
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対し， P. microphyllαは開けた岩場に， P.
commutαtα は陰になるようなシルト質の土壌上
に生育する.