Taxonomic changes in nearctic pteromalidae. II: New synonymy and four new genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae)

16 Pages·1994·5.2 MB·

by  S L Heydon

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
96(2). 1994, pp. 323-338
TAXONOMIC CHANGES IN NEARCTIC PTEROMALIDAE, II.
NEW SYNONYMY AND FOUR NEW GENERA
(HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA)
Steven L. Heydon
Bohart Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Cali-
fornia 95616-8584.
—
Abstract. Bcloniira Ashmead, 1896 is synonymized with Urolepsis Walker, 1846, n.
syn., with the only described species ofBelonura transferred as Urolepsis singidaris (Ash-
mead), 1896, n.comb. SystellogasterGahan, 1917 is raised from synonymywith Tritneptis
Girault, 1908, revived status, with two included species known asS. ovivoraGahan, 1917,
revived status, and .S'. gahani Wallace, 1973, revived status. Four new genera ofNearctic
Pteromalidae arc described—Bar/rfoAmi Heydon, n. gen. (Colotrechninae) with its in-
cluded species, B. primulus Heydon, n. sp.; Guolina Heydon, n. gen. (Pteromalinae) with
three included species, G. fulgida Heydon, n. sp., G. insularum Heydon, n. sp., and G.
psenophaga Heydon, n. sp.; Lysirina Heydon. n. gen. (Pteromalinae) with its included
species, L. polychroma Heydon, n. sp.; and Quercanus Heydon, n. gen. (Pteromalinae)
with two included species, Q. leuteogaster Heydon, n. sp. and Q. viridigaster Heydon, n.
sp. Baridobius species are known from Curculionidae on roots ofXanthiuni; Guolina and
Quercanus are associated with gall making Cynipidae on oaks or roses. The hosts of
Lysirina remain unknown. Keys are given for the Nearctic species ofGuolina and Quer-
canus.
Key Words: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae, Belonura, Urolepsis, Systello-
gaster. Tritneptis, Baridobius, Guolina, Lysirina, Quercanus, new genera,
new species
In the course of reviewing the genera of low and club is used instead of clava. In
the Pteromalidae in preparation for a key addition, the gastral tergites are numbered
totheNearcticgenerabyZ. Boucek(BMNH) T1-T7 beginning with the first tergite after
and the author, many newgenera and some the petiole. The followingabbreviationsare
misplacements of species of Nearctic Pte- used: the median ocellar diameter is MOD,
romalidae were discovered. Some of these the ocellar-oculardistance is OOL, the pos-
changes are published in Heydon and Bou- terior ocellar distance is POL, the lateral
cek (1992) and over 30 new Nearctic pte- ocellar distance is LOL. the multiporous
MPP
romalid genera are described in Boucek plate sensilla are sensilla, the lower
(1993). Four additional new genera are de- ocular line is LOcL, and the antennal fu-
scribed and two changes in generic synon- nicular segments are Fl through F6. The
ymy are presented herein. units ofmeasurement given in the descrip-
Terminology in this paper generally fol- tions can be converted to millimeters by
lows that of Graham (1969), except that multiplying by 0.02. The acronyms for the
genal concavity is used instead ofgenai hoi- museums from which material was bor-
324 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
rowed are listed in the acknowledgments New Taxa
section. Colotrechninae
Baridobius Heydon, New Genus
Synonymy
Typespecies.—BaridobiusprimulusHey-
Research to prepare a key to the Nearctic don, 1993.
generaofthe Pteromalidaegave Dr. Z. Bou- Description.—Bodycolorverydark, only
cek and the author the chance to study the weakly metallic. Body sculpture weak, al-
types ofthe genera Urolepsis 'Walker. 1846, most smooth. Head with oral foramen very
and Belonura Ashmead, 1896. It was ob- broad, almost as wide as head width (Fig.
served that femalesassigned to the twogen- 9), clypeus with anterior margin weakly
era are very similarexcept forthe blackcol- convex; torulusjust below LOcL. Antenna
oration andelongate terminal gastral tergite (Fig. 1) with combined length ofscape and
offemale Belonura. Belonura is herein syn- pedicel less than head width in females,
onymized with Urolepsis, with the only de- about as long as head width in males, all
scribed species ofBelonura now known as funicularsegmentstransverse in both sexes;
Urolepsis singularis (Ashmead), 1896, n. antennal formula 1:1;2;6:3; MPPsensilla in
comb. single row on each funicular segment; club
Systellogaster Gahan was described for simple apically. Mesosoma depressed (Fig.
the species S. ovivora Gahan, 1917. Later, 10);collarwithanterioredgerounded;axilla
in his treatment of the genera similar to advanced; scutellum with lateral face in-
Dibrachys Forster, 1856, Wallace (1973) flated; frenal sulcus distinct impressed line;
added the species S. gahani. Grissell (1985) propodeum with plicae absent, spiracular
synonymized Systellogaster with Tritneptis sulcishallow,callusnearlybare,spiraclecir-
Girault based in part on the similarity be- cular; legs with hind tibia broadened and
tween S. ovivora and Tritneptis scutellata flattened, length only about 6x medium
Muesebeck, 1927. Reexamination of the width, hind tibia with 2 apical spurs. Fore-
relevant types revealed additional charac- wing (Fig. 2) with speculum developed, not
ters to separate Systellogaster species from margined posteriorlybysetae; marginal vein
Tritneptis. Systellogaster species have an relatively thick. Gaster sessile; in females
unusual condition of the marginal vein of relatively long (Fig. 10); with protruding
the forewing in that it is slightly removed ovipositor.
from the front edge ofthe wing. This leaves The characteristic advanced axillae and
ashort membranous stripallalongthe front laterally inflated scutellum placeBaridobius
margin of the wing. Relative to Tritneptis intheColotrechninae. Uniquecharactersof
species other differences include a more Baridobiuswithin the subfamily includethe
elongate marginal vein (more than 3 x as very broad oral foramen, the non-metallic
long as the stigmal vein), a more elongate coloration, and the depressed body.
pedicel(fully 2.5 x aslongasbroadindorsal Etymology.—The generic name is an ar-
view), and unusual types ofsculpturing (ei- bitrary combination ofletters based on the
ther dull with extremely fine reticulations genericnameoftheonlyknown hostofBar-
in S. ovivora or extensively smooth in S. idobius species. The gender is masculine.
gahani). On this basis, Systellogaster Ga-
Baridobiusprimulus Heydon,
han, 1917, revived status is herein raised New Species
from synonymy with Tritneptis Girault,
1908, with its included species known as S. Figs. 1, 2, 9, 10
ovivoraGahan, 1917, revived status, and 5". Description.—Holotype, female. Color:
gahani Wallace, 1973, revived status. Head, mesosoma bluish black; gaster dark
VOLUME 96, NUMBER 2 325
^>i<2S<3^s^s3^->:^{?Vr^'
Figs. 1-8. Bandobiuspnmu/us. female. 1, Antenna. 2, Forewing. Guolina msularum, female. 3, Gaster. 4,
Antenna. Guolina psenophaga, female. 5, Gaster. 6, Antenna. Guolinafulgida. female. 7, Antenna. Guohna
psenophaga. female. 8, Forewmg.
reddishbrown. Antennadarkreddish brown coriaceous (Fig. 10); propodeum with de-
withscape palerin basal '/:. Legswithcoxae, pressed median area smooth, remainderco-
femora dark reddish brown; tibiae, tarsi riaceous.
brownish yellow. Wings hyaline, with veins Structure:Bodylength 1.6 mm. Head(Fig.
pale brown. 9) width 1.1 X height (23:20), 2.5 x length
Sculpture: Clypeus smooth over anterior (23:10); eye height 1.5 x length (10.5:7.0),
'A, finelycoriaceousoverremainder(Fig. 9). 2.3 X malar distance (10.5:4.5), eye length
Sculpture ofhead, mesosoma, gaster weak. 2.3 X templelength(7.0:3.0); ratioofMOD,
326 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 9-12. Baridobiusprimulus. female. 9. Head, anteriorview. 10. Mesosoma and gasler. Guolinapsen-
ophaga. female. 11. Whole body. Quercamisluteogaster. female. 12, Head and mesosoma.
OOL, POL. LOL as 2.0:4.0:6.0:2.5. Anten- ative lengths ofscape, pedicel, anelH, Fl-6,
na (Fig. 1) with length of pedicel plus fla- club as 5.0:3.0:1.0:1.5:1.0:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:
gellum 0.87 X head width (20:23); relative 5.0; relative widths of Fl, F6, club as 2.0:
lengths ofscape, pedicel, anelli, Fl-6, club 2.5:3.5; flagellumwith setaeshortanddense,
as 9.0:3.0:1.0:1.5:1.5:2.0:2.0:2.0:2.0:5.0: appearing pilose. Gaster length 1.6 x width
relative widths of Fl, F6, club as 3.0:3.0: (26:16); aedeagus exceptionally long.
4.0; 1Stanellusminute, '/2widthof2ndanel- Variation.—The body length of females
lus. Mesosoma length 1.4x width (27:20); examined varied from 1.6 to 1.9 mm; Bar-
propodeum with shallow median depres- idobiusprimulusisrelativelyuniform in ap-
sion which is narrow anteriorly but broad- pearance otherwise.
ened posteriorly (Fig. 10). Forewing(Fig. 2) Type material.—The holotype, allotype
length 2.3 X width (55:24); relative lengths (both USNM) and 4 female and 1 male
of submarginal, marginal, postmarginal, paratypes (BMNH, USNM) were collect-
stigmal vein as 19.0:12.0:6.0:3.0; stigma ed at Eaglenest, Minnesota on 20 August
hemispherical. Gaster length 2.2x width 1958 by W. V. Balduf. Three other female
(46:21), 1.3X combined length ofhead and paratypes were collected as follows
mesosoma (46:36); hypopygium extending (UCDC, USNM). ARIZONA: Continental,
'/2 length ofgaster. 31.VII.1966, 1 9. KANSAS: Clark Co.,
Allotype, male.—Similar to holotype ex- 11.1933 (reared from Baris callida), 1 2;
cept: tibiae dark like femora. Body length Meade Co., 11.1933 (reared from Baris cal-
1.1 mm. Antennawithlengthofpedicelplus lida), 1 9.
flagellum0.97X headwidth(17.5:18.0),rel- Etymology.—The species name is from
VOLUME 96. NUMBER 2 327
the Latin word primus, meaning first, and length of head and mesosoma, broadly
refers to the fact that this is the first de- ovate; hind margin ofTl straight (Figs. 3,
scribed species ofBaridobius. 5). Forewing (Fig. 8) with well developed
Biology.—The two paratype specimens speculum which is not bounded by setae
from Kansas were reared from Bariscallida posteriorly; postmarginal vein longer than
Casey (Coleoptera: Curcuiionidae). Larvae stigmal vein; stigmal vein nearly as long as
ofthisweevil feed in the stemsofcocklebur marginal vein. Hindlegwith coxabaredor-
[Xanthium Asteraceae)], burrowing down sally; tibia with one apical spur.
toward the root where they then pupate A distinguishing combination ofcharac-
(Blatchley and Leng 1916). ters for Guolina includes the head broadly
ovate in anterior view, the clypeus being
Pteromalinae nearlystraight across, thedelicateand round
reticulation of the head and mesoscutum
Guolina Heydon, Ne\\ Genus
(Fig. 1 1), the slender and filiform antenna
Type species.—Guolinafulgida Heydon, (Figs. 4, 6, 7). the relatively narrow pro-
1994. notum, the propodeum with nucha and pli-
Description.—Body color dark to bright cae only weakly developed (Fig. 11), and
metallic. Body sculpture delicate but dis- the spiracles round to shortly ovate and 1 x
tinct; alveolae ofmesoscutum and head ex- their own diameter from the anterior mar-
ceptionallylargeandround,distinctlylarger gin ofthe propodeum.
than alveolae ofscutellum (Fig. 1 1); upper Two other pteromalid genera found on
mesepimeronsmooth. Headinanteriorview thesameoaksincentralCaliforniaresemble
broadly ovate, with oral foramen relatively Guolina rather closely. Cecidostiba differs
wide, anterior margin ofclypeuswith broad in having the reticulation of the head and
but slightly to almost imperceptibly pro- mesoscutumrelativelycoarseanddense,and
duced truncate median portion which is al- a nucha that is triangular and is bordered
most straight mesally; face with striae only anteriorly by a sharp edge (see illustration
in immedate vicinity ofclypeus; gena con- in Boucek and Rasplus 1990, electroscan
vexabove mandibles; toruli belowcenterof photograph 63).AmphidociusDzhanokmen
head, just above LOcL; occiput lacking ca- is also similar but Amphidocius differs in
rina. Antenna with 2 anelli and 6 funicular the female antenna, which has only eight
segments;pedicelslender; flagellum filiform segmentsbetween the pedicel and club, and
to weakly clavate (Figs. 4. 6. 7); Fl at most in havingthe marginal vein short and thick
as wide as pedicel; MPP sensilla in single (see fig. 13 in Heydon and Boucek 1992).
rowon each funicularsegment; club lacking Guolina might be confused with small
largepatchofmicropilosity. Mesosomawith species of Ptewmalus Swederus, but Pte-
pronotumrathernarrow(planeofprepectus romalusspeciesare more coarsely alveolate
nearly at right angles to that of mesopleu- with the alveolae of the mesocutum rela-
ron), neck very short, with short horizontal tively smaller and irregular in outline, have
collarwhichlacksanteriortransversecarina the genae almost straight and the oral fo-
(Fig. 11); notauli incomplete; scutellum ramen narrower, the anterior margin ofthe
broadly abutting mesoscutum; frenal area clypeus distinctly truncate and usually with
demarcated by area ofdistinct texture; pro- a distinct median emargination, the flagel-
podeum with more or less well developed lum ofthe antenna almost always broader
median carina, plicae only weakly devel- than the pedicel, and the spiracle distinctly
oped, spiracles short ovate and about their ovate andat the anterior margin ofthe pro-
own longestdiameterfrom metanotum, nu- podeum touching the metanotum.
chaweaklydevelopedconvexlunateregion. E\ymo\ogy.—Guolina is named in honor
Gaster sessile, at most as long as combined ofGuo Lin forheryearsofdedicatedservice
.
PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
here in the Bohart Museum. The gender is with coxae dark brown, remainder yellow.
feminine. Forewing with veins brownish yellow; re-
Biology.—All three known species of gion between basal vein and stigma faintly
Guolina are probably associated with Cy- yellow.
nipidae on oaks. Sculpture: Clypeus, lateral areas oflower
face to toruli strigulate; remainder of head
Key TO Species of Guolina Heydon weakly raised reticulate; mesoscutum reg-
1 Colorofvertexanddorsumofmesosomabril- ularly and delicately alveolate; scutellum
liant metallic green or blue; frons with sharp more minutely alveolate; propodeum with
and distinct colortransition between non-me- median panels weakly alveolate.
tallic and metallic regions. Pale coloration of Structure: Body length 1.6 mm. Head
scape and legs yellow. Gaster usually more or
lessyellow.Clypeuswithantenormarginnear- width 1.2X height (30:25), 2.0X length (30:
ly straightacross G.fidgida Heydon 15); clypeus with anterior margin nearly
- Colorofvertexanddorsumofmesosoma me- straight across; eye height 1.4x length (15:
tallicgreenorblue, but notbrilliantlyshining; 11), 1.9 X malar distance (15:8), eye length
fronseitheruniformlymetallic(G. instilarum) 3.7x temple length (11:3); torulus located
ortransition between non-metallicandmetal-
liccolorationrelativelygradual.Scapeandlegs justabove LOcL; ratioofMOD, OOL, POL,
either mostly metallic or with pale coloration LOLas2.0:3.5:7.0:4.0. Antennawithlength
greyish yellow ormore whitish. Gasterbrown ofpedicel plus flagellum 0.93x head width
ormetallicgreen.Clypeusslightlytruncatewith (28:30); relative lengths of scape, pedicel,
truncation weakly concave medially 2
2. Specieslarger,bodylengthmorethan2.1 mm. anelli. flagellum.clubas 13.0:4.0:1.0:2.0:3.0:
Sculpture ofhead and mesoscutum raised re- 2.5:2.5:3.0:2.5:7.0; relativewidthsofF1,F6,
ticulate. Mesoscutum with conspicuous, dark, club as 1.5:2.0:3.0; flagellum weakly cla-
erect setae. Female pedicel and flagellum lon- vate; funicular segments all appearingelon-
gerthan head width; funicle with all segments gate (Fig. 7), with hairs reclinate and very
dtierstlienncgtltyhlmoongreertthhaannw1i.5dex(Fwiigd.t4h).(FFiegm.a3l)egas- fine so antenna appears almost naked. Me-
G. instilarum Heydon sosoma length 1.3 X width (31:24); dorsum
- Speciessmaller,bodylengthlessthan2.0mm. of mesoscutum with setae pale and sparse
Sculptureofheadandmesoscutumdelicateand so appearing almost bare; propodeum with
only weakly elevated (Fig. 11). Mesoscutum median carina present and plicae strong in
pweidtihceslcaatntderfeldagseholrltu,msthhionr,tepraltehasnethaeea.dFweimdatlhe; median Vi only. Forewing with relative
funicle with at least terminal two segments lengths ofsubmarginal, marginal, postmar-
quadrate(Fig. 6). Femalegasterlength usually ginal, stigmal vein as 26:1 1:1 1:14; costalcell
1.5 or less limes as longaswide (Fig. 5) with 1 complete row, partial second row of
G. psenophaga Heydon setae in apical 'A; basal cell bare; basal vein
with 1 seta on left wing, none on right. Gas-
Guolinafulgida Heydon, ter length 1.2X width (36:29), 0.82x com-
New Species binedlengthofheadandmesosoma(36:44);
Fig. 7 hypopygium extending 0.4x length ofgas-
—
Description. Holotype, female. Color: ter (16:36).
Head and mesosoma black except upper '/: Male.—Unknown.
of frons, vertex, mesoscutum, scutellum, Variation.—Body length of females ex-
propodeum brilliant metallicblue-green(the aminedvariedfrom 1.2to2.0 mm. Guolina
boundary' between the black and metallic fulgida shows considerable variation in col-
regions sharp); gaster black with Tl-2, lat- or. The body color varies from blue-green,
eral parts of T3-4 yellow. Antenna with as in the type, to bright blue. Coloration of
scape yellow, pedicel yellow except black the gaster also varies from almost entirely
dorsally; flagellum brownish yellow. Legs yellow, to some that have the yellow areas
VOLUME 96. NUMBER 329
restrictedtodiffuse longitudinal areasdown with scape dark brown; remainder brown
the lateral sides ofthe gaster, to the gaster except apical 'A ofpedicel brownish yellow.
entirely metallic. Six of the 1 1 examined Legs with femora and middle tibia brown,
females had a dark brown band around the butwithendsbrownishyellow; foretibiapale
base ofthe femora. The female from Rock- brownbutbrownish yellowattips; hindtib-
lin, California, had the dark band covering ia brownish yellow; fore and middle tarsi
almost the entire basal half of the femur. brownish yellow; hind tarsi cream colored.
The same is true ofthe antennal scape—the Forewingwith veinsbrownish yellow, para-
type has the scape entirely yellow and non- stigma reddish; membrane clear.
metallicwhileothers havea verydark band Sculpture: Clypeus and face just laterad
around the apical end. The female from of clypeus striate; head, dorsum of meso-
Rocklin has almost the entire apical end of soma, median panels ofpropodeum raised
the scape dark. reticulate; Tl smooth, remainder more or
Type material.—Holotype (UCDC) and less coriaceous.
onefemaleparatype(UCDC)werecollected Structure: Body length 2.3 mm. Head
oflFblue oak at G. L. Stebbins Cold Creek width 1.3X height (38:30), 2.1 x length (38:
Reserve, 1 1 km w. Winters, California 18); clypeus with anterior margin slightly
(USA) on 13 July 1991 by the author. Ten produced with this truncate portion weakly
other paratypes were collected as follows concave mesally;eyeheight 1.5 x length (19:
(BMNH. UCDC, USNM): United States. 13), 1.8x malar distance (19.0:10.5). eye
CALIFORNIA: 5 miles w. Madison, em. length 3.7 X temple length (13.0:3.5); to-
18.III.1967 (emerged from Quercus sp.? ruluslocated 1 x owndiameterabove LOcL;
twigs), 1 9, em. 19.III.1967 (emerged from ratio ofMOD, OOL, POL. LOL as 3.0:4.5:
Quercus sp. twigs), 1 2; Rocklin. 1.V.1962. 9.0:4.0. Antenna with length ofpedicel plus
1 9; Stebbins Cold Canyon Reserve, 1 1 km flagellum 1.1 x head width (42:38); relative
w. Winters, 13.VI.1991 (offblue oak), 1 9, lengths ofscape, pedicel, anelli, Fl-6. club
4.VIII.1991 (offblueoak), 1 9, 18.VIII.1990, as 17.0:4.5:1.5:5.0:4.5:4.5:4.0:3.5:3.5:9.0;
4 9; 4 km w. Winters (on Highway 128). relative widths of Fl, F6, club as 2.0:2.5:
13.VI.1991 (offoak), 1 9. 3.0; all funicular segments appearing dis-
Etymology.—The species name comes tinctly elongate (Fig. 4), with conspicuous
fromtheLatinwordfulgidus. meaningshin- reclinatehairs; MPPsensilla in singlesparse
ingorgleaming, and refers to the bright col- irregular row on each segment; club with
oration ofthe body in this species. small patch of micropilosity on terminal
Biology.—The insect host of G. fulgida segment. Mesosoma length 1.4x width (54:
remains unknown. Most of the specimens 33); dorsum of mesosoma with dark con-
collected from the inner side of the coast spicuoushairs; propodeum with median ca-
rangewestofWinters,California, weretaken rina present, plicae obscured mesally. Fore-
bytheauthorbysweepingblueoak{Quercus wing with relative lengths of submarginal,
douglassi Hooker and Amott). The speci- marginal, postmarginal. stigmal veinsas 37:
mens from west ofMadison emerged from 17:19:12; costal cellwith onecompletesetal
the twigs ofan undetermined Quercus sp. row, 3 setal rows in apical 'A; basal cell bare;
basal vein with sparse row ofsetae present,
Guolina insularum Heydon, also a few setae on cubital vein below basal
Ne\\ Species
cell. Gaster length 1.8 x width (53:29) (Fig.
Figs. 3, 4 3). 0.87 X combined length ofhead and me-
Description.—Holotype, female. Color: sosoma (53:61); hypopygium extending
Body dark blue with dorsum ofmesosoma 0.64X length ofgaster (34:53).
more green, basal 'A ofTl green. Antenna Allotype, male.—Similar to holotype ex-
330 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
cept dorsum ofmesosoma olivegreen, dark Legs yellow-brown except basal Vs of fore
bandsontibiaelessintense. Bodylength 1.6 and middle femur dark brown, weaker
mm. Antenna with length of pedicel plus brown bands present on fore and middle
flagellum 1.3 x head width (45:34); relative tibiae. Forewing with veins brown except
lengths ofscape, pedicel, anelli, Fl-6, club prestigma and stigmal vein more reddish;
as 13.0:4.0:1.0:6.0:5.0:5.0:5.0:4.5:4.0:10.0; membrane clear.
MPP
widths ofFl. F6, club as 2.5:2.5:2.5; Sculpture: Clypeus and lateral regions of
sensilla in 1 row extending '/2--/3 funicular face striate; remainder of head, mesoscu-
segment length; funicle with setae long, tum, scutellum delicately raised reticulate
moderately dense, projecting at 45° angle. (Fig. 1 1); propodeum weakly alveolate.
Gaster length 2.4x width (41:17). Structure: Body length 1.4 mm. Head
Variation.—The body length of females width 1.3 X height (28:22), 2.2 X length (28:
examined varied from 2.3 to 2.5 mm; the 13); clypeus with anterior margin slightly
body length ofthe paratype male measured truncate with truncation weakly concave
the same as theallotype. This species shows mesally; eye height 1.4x length (13.0:9.5),
littlevariationand the specimensexamined 1.7 X malar distance (13.0:7.5), eye length
closely resemble the holotype and allotype. 3.8 X temple length (9.5:2.5); torulus locat-
Type material.—The holotype (UCDC), ed just above LOcL; ratio of MOD, OOL,
allotype (UCDC) and 2 female and 1 male POL, LOLas 2.0:4.5:7.0:3.0. Antennawith
paratypesemerged in November 1968, from length ofpedicel plus flagellum 0.93 x head
galls on Quercus dumosa collected in the width(26:28); relativelengthsofscape,ped-
Cafiada del Medio on Santa Cruz Island icel, anelli, Fl-7, club as 11.0:3.0:1.0:2.0:
(Santa Barbara County, California, USA) 2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5:7.0; relativewidthsofFl,
(UCDC, USNM). The Daviscollection also F6,clubas 1.5:2.5:3.0; flagellumslightlybut
contains an additional 2 female paratypes distinctly clubbed; Fl-4 elongate, F5-6
with the same data except they emerged in quadrate(Fig. 6),with sparsereclinatehairs;
October. MPP sensilla in 1 row persegment, 2-3 vis-
Etymology.—The speciesname, from the ible per segment in lateral view. Mesosoma
Latin word insulamm meaning insular, re- length 1.2X width (28.0:22.5); mesoscutum
fers to the fact that this species is so faronly with scattered, short, thin, pale sestae; pro-
known from the Channel Islands off the podeum with median carina almost absent
southern California coast. and plicaeobscured mesally. Forewingwith
Biology.—The specimens ofthe type se- relative lengths of submarginal, marginal,
ries all emerged in the fall from a gall on postmarginal, stigmal veins as 23:11:13:8
California scrub oak, Quercusdumosa Nut- (Fig. 8); basal cell with 1 seta on right wing;
tall. basal vein setose. Gaster length 1.3 x width
(31.0:24.5) (Fig. 5), 0.82x combined length
Guolinapsenophaga Heydon,
of head plus mesosoma (31:38) (Fig. 11);
New Species
hypopygiumextending0.52x length ofgas-
Figs. 5, 6,8,11
ter (16:31).
Holotype, female.—Color: Head, meso- Allotype, male.—Similar to holotype ex-
somapurplishblackexcept upper '/:offrons, cept scape brown with weak metallic blue
vertex, dorsum of mesosoma dark bluish reflections on basal '/s; hind femur mostly
green; gaster dark reddish brown with dark brown like fore and middle femur. Body
bluish green reflections on Tl, 6-7 and lat- length 1.1 mm. Antennawith length ofped-
eral parts of T2-5. Antenna yellow brown icel plus flagellum 1.2x head width (27.0:
except scape with dark brown band extend- 22.5); relative lengths of scape, pedicel,
ing over middle Vi, pedicel brown dorsally. anelli, Fl-6, club as 9.0:3.0:1.0:2.5:2.5:3.0:
VOLUME NUMBER
96, 331
3.0:3.0:3.0:7.0; relative widths of Fl, F6, Douglas ex Hooker on Vancouver Island,
clubas2.0:2.0:2.0; MPPsensillasparse, only British Columbia (Dr. Bob Duncan. For-
1 visible per segment in lateral view; setae estry Canada, pers. comm.). At least in Cal-
sparse, long, semierect; basal club segment ifornia, there are probably several genera-
nearly free from the others; gaster length tions per year because Guolina psenophaga
2.2X width (22:10). emerges from galls throughout the summer
Variation.—The metallic body color var- and new hosts are always available.
ies from bluish green to blue. As in G. fiil- Quercanus Heydon, New Genus
gida, there is more variation in the amount
ofdark pigment on the legs than is typical Type species.—Quercanus luteogaster
for other species ofPteromalidae. In a few Heydon, 1994.
females, the dark bands on the femora are Description.—Body color dark to bright
faint and lacking on the tibiae. Others have metallic. Sculpture ofhead and mesosoma
dark bands on all the femora and tibiae. In (includingmedian panelsofpropodeum but
themales,thebandsonthefemoraaremore excludinguppermesepimeron) minutely but
consistent,buttheirexpressiononthetibiae coarsely alveolate (Fig. 12); upper mesepi-
is variable. meron smooth; gaster with Tl smooth, re-
Type material.—Holotype and allo- maindercoriaceous. Headwithclypeusstri-
type (both UCDC) and an additional 7 ate except for smooth strip along anterior
female and 14 male paratypes (BMNH, margin;anteriormarginofclypeuswith me-
CNC, UCDC, USNM) were collected dian portion broadly but weakly to almost
22.VIII.1990, in G. L. Stebbins Cold Can- imperceptibly produced and truncate,
yon Reserve, 1 1 km w. Winters, California straight mesally (Fig. 19); face with striae
(USA) by S. L. Heydon. An additional 53 only in immediate vicinity ofclypeus; gena
paratypeswerecollectedasfollows(UCDC): convex about mandibles; toruli below cen-
United States. CALIFORNIA: Davis, ter of head, above LOcL; occiput lacking
20.III.1976 (ex Quercus lobata galls), 1 <J; 5 carina. Antenna in both sexes with 2 anelli
milessw. Madison, em. 3.III.1967, 1 2; Mix and 6 funicular segments (Figs. 13, 16, 17);
Canyon, westofVacaville, em. 19.XII.1967 flagellum weakly clavate; Fl longer and at
(Quercuslobata), 1 9; StebbinsColdCanyon most slightly wider than pedicel; club offe-
Reserve, 1 1 km w. Winters, 18.VIII.1990, male with or without an enlarged patch of
5 9, 25 6, 22.VIII.1990 [em. from Neuw- micropilosity.Mesosomawithpronotalneck
terussp. (Cynipidae)galls on Quercusdoug- very short (Fig. 12). with short horizontal
lasii], 6 9, 14 <?. collar which lacks smooth anterior trans-
Etymology.—The specific epithet comes verse carina (although the anterior borders
from the Greek words psen. meaning gall ofthesculpturingformafine, irregularridge
insect, and phagos. meaning to eat. alongtheanterior margin ofthe collar in Q.
—
B'\o\ogy. Guolina psenophaga is a par- viridigasler): notauli incomplete; scutellum
asitoid of the summer generation of the broadly abutting mesoscutum (Fig. 12);
jumping gall-forming cynipid, Neuroterus frenal area demarcated by area of distinct
saltatornis. Neuroterus saltatorius makes texture; propodeum with more or less well
small peppercorn-sized galls on the bottom developed mediancarina, plicaeonly weak-
sideoftheleavesofeitherblueoak(Quercus lydeveloped, spiraclesshortovateandabout
douglasii) or valley oak (Quercus lobata their own longest diameter from metano-
Nee). I reared Guolina psenophaga from tum, nucha weakly developed convex lu-
Neuroteruson both these oak species. Guo- nate region (Figs. 12, 15). Gaster sessile, at
lina psenophaga is also known to me from most as long as combined length of head
Neuroterussaltatorius on Quercusgarryana and mesosoma (Fig. 15), broadly ovate but
332 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 13-22. Quercanus luieogaster. male. 13. Antenna. Quercanus viridigaster. female. 14, Head, dorsal
view, Quercanus luteogaster. female, 15, Whole body, dorsal view, Quercanus vindigaster. male, 16, Antenna,
Quercanus luieogaster. female. 17, .Antenna, 18, Forewing, 19. Head, anterior view, Lysirinapolychroma. 20,
Forewing, female, 21, Antenna, female, 22. Antenna, male.
acuminateattip; hind margin ofT1 straight neck and collar (other related genera have
(Fig. 15) or very weakly emarginate, Fore- the collar more smoothly rounding into the
wing with well developed speculum which neck), absence ofa strongly developed con-
is not bounded by setae posteriorly; post- vex nucha, the lack of distinct patches of
marginal vein longerthanstigmal vein; stig- setae on the ventrolateral side of the first
mal vein nearly as long as marginal vein gastral tergite, elongate funicular segments
(Fig. 18). Hind legwith coxa setose dorsally (Figs. 13, 16, 17), a relativelyelongate post-
(Fig. 12); tibia with one apical spur, marginal vein, and rather stout legs. Char-
Quercanus differs from most Nearctic acters separating Quercanus from Dinotis-
pteromalid genera by having setae on the cus include the mostly striate clypeus,
dorsal surface of the hind coxa (Fig. 12), absence ofa transverse carinae on the an-
Among the genera having such setae, Quer- terior margin ofthe pronotal collar, straight
canus comes phenetically closest to Dino- and well developed median carina of the
tiscus Ghesquiere with whom it shares a propodeum. and unenlarged stigma. Dino-
pronotum with a sharp edge between the tiscus species have a reticulate clypeus, a