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Tasks in second language learning PDF

308 Pages·2008·1.13 MB·English
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Amazon.com: Tasks in Second Language Learning (Research and Practice in ...): Virginia Samuda, Martin Bygate, Christopher N. Candlin, David R. Hall Tasks in Second Language Learning (Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics) Close Window http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/images/140391186X/ref=dp_image_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books5/6/2011 7:15:57 AM 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page i Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics General Editors: Christopher N. Candlinand David R. Hall, Linguistics Department, Macquarie University, Australia. All books in this series are written by leading researchers and teachers in Applied Linguistics, with broad international experience. They are designed for the MA or PhD student in Applied Linguistics, TESOL or similar subject areas 0 2 and for the language professional keen to extend their research experience. 04- 1- 1 0 2 Titles include: ct - e n Francesca Bargiela-Chiappini, Catherine Nickerson and Brigitte Planken n o BUSINESS DISCOURSE eC v a Sandra Beatriz Hale algr P COMMUNITY INTERPRETING o - s Geoff Hall om LITERATURE IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION et i Tr k Richard Kiely and Pauline Rea-Dickins ote PROGRAM EVALUATION IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION bli bi s Marie-Noëlle Lamy and Regine Hampel sitet ONLINE COMMUNICATION IN LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING er v ni Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate o U TASKS IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING d t e s n Cyril J. Weir ce LANGUAGE TESTING AND VALIDATION m - li o Tony Wright ct.c CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION ne n o c e v Forthcoming titles: a gr al Dick Allwright and Judith Hanks w.p THE DEVELOPING LEARNER ww m ALInTnEeR ABuCrInEsS al fro eri at David Butt and Annabelle Lukin m GRAMMAR ght yri Alison Ferguson and Elizabeth Armstrong op C COMMUNICATIONS DISORDERS Lynn Flowerdew CORPORA AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION Sandra Gollin and David R. Hall LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page ii Marilyn Martin-Jones BILINGUALISM Martha Pennington PRONUNCIATION Norbert Schmitt VOCABULARY 0 2 4- 0 Helen Spencer-Oatey and Peter Franklin 1- 1 INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION 20 ct - Devon Woods and Emese Bukor ne n INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES AND PROCESSES IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION o C e v a gr al P o - s m o Tr et i k e ot bli bi s et sit er v ni U o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics nn o Series Standing Order ISBN 1–4039–1184–3 hardcover ec v Series Standing Order ISBN 1–4039–1185–1 paperback gra (outside North America only) al p w. You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a ww standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write m o to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series al fr and one of the ISBNs quoted above. eri at m Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, ht Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England yrig p o C 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page iii Tasks in Second Language Learning 0 2 Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 4- 0 1- 1 0 Lancaster University ct - 2 e n n o C e v a gr al P o - s m o Tr et i k e ot bli bi s et sit er v ni U o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page iv © Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 2008 All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence 0 2 permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 04- 90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP. 11- 0 2 Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication ct - e may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. nn o C The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this ve a work in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988. gr al P First published 2008 by o - s PALGRAVE MACMILLAN m o Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and Tr 175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 et i k e Companies and representatives throughout the world ot bli PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave sbi Macmillan division of St.Martin's Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. sitet Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom er v and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Uni Union and other countries. d to e s ISBN-13:978-1-4039-1186-5 hardback n e c IISSBBNN--1103::19-7480-319-4-1013896-1-X18 h7a-r2d bpaacpkerback m - li o ISBN-10:1-4039-1187-8 paperback ct.c e n This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully on c managed and sustained forest sources. e v a gr A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. al p w. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. w w m 1107 196 185 174 163 152 141 130 029 018 al fro eri at Printed and bound in Great Britain by m Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham and Eastbourne ght yri p o C 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page v To the memory of Chris Brumfit 0 2 4- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P o - s m o Tr et i k e ot bli bi s et sit er v ni U o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 0 2 4- 0 1- 1 0 2 This page intentionally left blank ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P o - s m o Tr et i k e ot bli bi s et sit er v ni U o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page vii Contents Acknowledgements viii 0 2 4- 0 Introduction 1 1- 1 0 2 Part 1 Background ect - n n o 1. Language Use, Holistic Activity and Second eC v a Language Learning 7 gr al P 2. Holistic Tasks in an Educational Context: o - s m Some Key Issues 18 o Tr 3. Holistic Tasks in a Research Context: ket i e Some Key Issues 37 ot bli bi 4. Tasks in Second Language Pedagogy 51 ets sit 5. Defining Pedagogic Tasks: Issues and Challenges 62 ver ni U 6. Engaging Learning Processes: Implications for the d to e Use of Second Language Tasks 71 s n e c 7. Researching Second Language Pedagogic Tasks 82 m - li o c ct. Part 2 Interactions between Research and Practice e n n o c 8. Task Research from a Pedagogical Perspective 133 ve a gr 9. Pedagogic Perspectives on Second Language Tasks 192 pal w. w w Part 3 Exploring Tasks m o 10. Research Directions 233 erial fr at m Part 4 Resources ght yri p 11. Further Resources 267 Co References 277 Name Index 291 Subject Index 295 vii 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_01_previii.qxp 10/6/2007 9:45 AM Page viii Acknowledgements Our most central acknowledgments should be apparent through the 0 2 references in these pages. We owe particular debts of gratitude to tutors, 04- 1- colleagues and students, through the years at Lancaster, Leeds, London, 01 2 Manchester, Michigan, Oregon, Reading and Sonoma; to our patient ct - e and constructive editors; and to our enduringly supportive families, nn o including Dave, for never forgetting to ask whether we’d finished writ- eC v a ing this book. gr al P o - Lauzerte ms o Summer 2007 Tr et i k e ot bli bi s et sit er v ni U o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C viii 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate 9781403_911865_02_intro.qxp 10/6/2007 12:13 PM Page 1 Introduction 0 2 4- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P o - s m o Qmuisoetdeu 1c.a1tiveD teawskesy on educative, uneducative and ket i Tr e ot bli If one means by a ‘task’ simply an undertaking involving difficulties that have to be bi s overcome, then children, youth, and adults alike require tasks in order that there et may be continued development. But if one means by a task something that has no ersit v interest, makes no appeal, that is wholly alien and hence uncongenial, the matter ni U is quite different. Tasks in the former sense are educative because they supply an o indispensable stimulus to thinking, to reflective inquiry. Tasks in the latter sense ed t s signify nothing but sheer strain, constraint, and the need of some external moti- en c vclaetaiorenr fcoor nkseceiopuinsgn easts tohfe men.d Tsh aenyd a rae suenaercdhu cfoatri vper obpeecra umsee atnhse yo ff ariel atloiz ianttiorond. uTchee ay m - li o c are miseducative, because they deaden and stupefy; they lead to that confused ct. and dulled state of mind that always attends an action carried on without a realiz- ne n ing sense of what it is all about. They are also miseducative because they lead to co e dependence upon external ends; the child works simply because of the pressure av of the taskmaster, and diverts his energies just in the degree in which this pressure algr p is relaxed; or he works because of some alien inducement – to get some reward w. w that has no intrinsic connection with what he is doing. w m (1913/1975: 54–6) o al fr eri at m This book explores the ‘educative’, ‘uneducative’ and ‘miseducative’ prop- ht g erties of tasks in second language education. As part of the raw material yri p that second language teachers, learners and researchers work with in dif- Co ferent ways, tasks have been an element in second language teaching and research for over 30 years, and yet their use continues to invite controversy and debate. One of the aims of this book is to explore why this should be so, and to consider what people do to make tasks educative or uneducative, why this can happen and what the alternatives might be. 1 10.1057/9780230596429 - Tasks in Second Language Learning, Virginia Samuda and Martin Bygate

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Tasks in Second Language Learning aims to bring more fully into debate the holistic nature of language learning, which tasks are one way of achieving, and to outline the research implications of this perspective. It sets language learning tasks within a broad educational and social science perspecti
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