Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning for Particle Therapy: A Practical Guide

393 Pages·2018·22.539 MB·English

by  Nancy Y. Lee,Jonathan E. Leeman,Oren Cahlon,Kevin Sine,Guoliang Jiang,Jiade J. Lu,Stefan Both (eds.)

Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology
Series Editors: Nancy Y. Lee · Jiade J. Lu
Nancy Y. Lee · Jonathan E. Leeman
Oren Cahlon · Kevin Sine
Guoliang Jiang · Jiade J. Lu
Stefan Both Editors
Target Volume
Delineation and
Treatment Planning
for Particle Therapy
A Practical Guide
Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology
Series Editors
Nancy Y. Lee
Department of Radiation Oncology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, NY, USA
Jiade J. Lu
Department of Radiation Oncology
Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center
Shanghai, China
The series Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology is designed to assist radiation
oncology residents and practicing radiation oncologists in the application of current
techniques in radiation oncology and day-to-day management in clinical practice,
i.e., treatment planning. Individual volumes offer clear guidance on contouring in
different cancers and present treatment recommendations, including with regard to
advanced options such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and
stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and proton beam therapy (PBT). Each
volume addresses one particular area of practice and is edited by experts with an
outstanding international reputation. Readers will find the series to be an ideal
source of up-to-date information on when to apply the various available technologies
and how to perform safe treatment planning.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13580
Nancy Y. Lee • Jonathan E. Leeman
Oren Cahlon • Kevin Sine • Guoliang Jiang
Jiade J. Lu • Stefan Both
Editors
Target Volume Delineation
and Treatment Planning
for Particle Therapy
A Practical Guide
Editors
Nancy Y. Lee Jonathan E. Leeman
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, NY New York
USA USA
Oren Cahlon Kevin Sine
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Medical Dosimetry
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ProCure Proton Therapy Center
New York Somerset
USA New Jersey
USA
Guoliang Jiang
Department of Radiation Oncology Jiade J. Lu
Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Department of Radiation Oncology
Shanghai Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center
China Shanghai
China
Stefan Both
Department of Radiation Oncology
University Medical Center Groningen
Groningen
The Netherlands
ISSN 2522-5715 ISSN 2522-5723 (electronic)
Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology
ISBN 978-3-319-42477-4 ISBN 978-3-319-42478-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42478-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962011
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2018
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Acknowledgments
This publication is partially supported by the following grants: (a) Shanghai Hospital
Development Center (Joint Breakthrough Project for New Frontier Technologies,
Project No. SHDC 12015118); (b) Science and Technology Commission of
Shanghai Municipality (Project No. 15411950106).
v
Contents
1 Physics Essentials of Particle Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Dennis Mah, Michael Moyers, Ken Kang-Hsin Wang,
Eric Diffenderfer, John Cuaron, and Mark Pankuch
2 Proton Treatment Delivery Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Xuanfeng Ding, Haibo Lin, Jiajian Shen, Wei Zou,
Katja Langen, and Hsiao-Ming Lu
3 Proton Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chuan Zeng, Richard A. Amos, Brian Winey, Chris Beltran,
Ziad Saleh, Zelig Tochner, Hanne Kooy, and Stefan Both
4 Tumors of the Nasopharynx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Jeremy Setton, Pamela Fox, Kevin Sine, Nadeem Riaz,
and Nancy Y. Lee
5 Oral Cavity Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Jennifer Ma, Benjamin H. Lok, Kevin Sine, and Nancy Y. Lee
6 Oropharyngeal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Suchit H. Patel, Amy J. Xu, Kevin Sine, Nancy Y. Lee, and
Pamela Fox
7 Sinonasal Cancers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Roi Dagan and Curtis Bryant
8 Salivary Gland Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Jonathan E. Leeman, Paul Romesser, James Melotek,
Oren Cahlon, Kevin Sine, Stefan Both, and Nancy Y. Lee
9 Thyroid Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Mauricio Gamez, Aman Anand, and Samir H. Patel
10 Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
with Clinical Perineural Invasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Curtis Bryant and Roi Dagan
11 Head and Neck Reirradiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Carl DeSelm, Upendra Parvathaneni, and Kevin Sine
vii
viii Contents
12 Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Daniel Gomez, Heng Li, Xiaodong Zhang, and Steven Lin
13 Esophagus Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Steven H. Lin, Heng Li, and Daniel Gomez
14 Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy for Liver Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Zheng Wang, Wei-Wei Wang, Kambiz Shahnazi,
and Guo-Liang Jiang
15 Pancreatic and Stomach Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Pamela J. Boimel, Jessica Scholey, Liyong Lin,
and Edgar Ben-Josef
16 Lower Gastrointestinal Malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
John P. Plastaras, Stefan Both, Haibo Lin, and Maria Hawkins
17 Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Robert Samstein, David DeBlois, Robert W. Mutter,
and Oren Cahlon
18 Gynecologic malignancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Jessica E. Scholey, Pamela J. Boimel, Maura Kirk, and Lilie Lin
19 Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Neil K. Taunk, Chin-Cheng Chen, Zhiqiang Han, Jerry Davis,
Neha Vapiwala, and Henry Tsai
20 Adult Intracranial Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Natalie A. Lockney, Zhiqiang Han, Kevin Sine, Dominic Maes,
and Yoshiya Yamada
21 Primary Spine Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Anuradha Thiagarajan and Yoshiya Yamada
22 Sarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Curtiland Deville, Matthew Ladra, Huifang Zhai, Moe Siddiqui,
Stefan Both, and Haibo Lin
23 Mediastinal Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Bradford S. Hoppe, Stella Flampouri, Christine Hill-Kayser,
and John P. Plastaras
24 Pediatric Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Paul B. Romesser, Nelly Ju, Chin-Cheng Chen, Kevin Sine,
Oren Cahlon, and Suzanne L. Wolden
Physics Essentials of Particle Therapy 1
Dennis Mah, Michael Moyers, Ken Kang-Hsin Wang,
Eric Diffenderfer, John Cuaron, and Mark Pankuch
Contents
1.1 History of Light Ion Teletherapy.................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Rationale for Light Ion Beam Teletherapy......................................................... 2
1.2 Basic Physics ................................................................................................................. 4
1.2.1 Penumbra ........................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2 In Patient ............................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) ....................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Terminology ....................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Ions Heavier than Protons .................................................................................. 9
1.4 Range Uncertainty ......................................................................................................... 11
D. Mah (*)
ProCure New Jersey, Somerset, NJ, USA
e-mail: [e-mail]
M. Moyers
Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
e-mail: [e-mail]
K. Kang-Hsin Wang
Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
e-mail: [e-mail]
E. Diffenderfer
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
e-mail: [e-mail]
J. Cuaron
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
e-mail: [e-mail]
M. Pankuch
Northwestern Medicine, Chicago Proton Center, Warrenville, IL, USA
e-mail: [e-mail]
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2018 1
N. Lee et al. (eds.), Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning
for Particle Therapy, Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42478-1_1
2 D. Mah et al.
1.5 Beam Generators ............................................................................................................ 12
1.5.1 Synchrotron ........................................................................................................ 12
1.5.2 Cyclotron ............................................................................................................ 13
1.6 Future Developments ..................................................................................................... 14
1.7 References ...................................................................................................................... 15
1.1 History of Light Ion Teletherapy
1.1.1 Rationale for Light Ion Beam Teletherapy
• There are three reasons for using light ion beams for teletherapy: (1) the low
entrance dose and almost zero dose delivered distal to the target results in the
ratio of nontarget tissue dose to target dose being smaller than with other radia-
tion beams; (2) with appropriate collimation, the dose gradients at the lateral and
distal sides of the targets are higher than with other radiation beams thereby
offering higher dose gradients between the target and normal tissues; (3) for ions
heavier than helium, the increase in RBE with increasing depth results in the
target receiving a higher RBE dose than the tissues on the entrance side.
• Light ions are a subset of heavy charged particles and are defined as ions with
atomic numbers less than 20 [1–3]. Although six different ions have been used
for human treatments, the majority of patients have been treated with protons,
helium ions, and carbon ions. Figure 1.1 shows the approximate number of
patients treated with different heavy charged particle beams between 1954, when
Heavy Charged
Particles
Pions Light Ions Other Ions
1,098 136,372 22
hydrogen-1 silicon-28
118,195 20
helium-4 argon-40
2,142 2
Fig. 1.1 Approximate
number of patients treated
with different heavy charged carbon-12
particle beams from 1954 to 15,736
2015. Figure adapted from
Vatnitsky and Moyers [4] and
updated with data from neon-20
Jermann [5] to reflect recent
299
data