ebook img

Taoism and the arts of China PDF

419 Pages·2000·31.2 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Taoism and the arts of China

Copyrightedmaterial TAOISM AND THE Arts of China iniMi. jK89-}Cnfi9Wl9htedmaterial AND THE Arts of China Stephen Little WITH Shawn Eichman WITHeSSAYSBY PatriciaEbrey KristoferSchipper NancyShatzmanSteinhardt WuNunc TheArtInstituteofChicago INASSOCIATIONWITH UniversityofCaliforniaPress CopyrightedmatBrial ThisbookwaspublishedInconjunellonwiththeahibMon'IMsm ProducedbydiePuMcatlonsDepartmentofTheArtInadtuKof andtheArtsofChina.'organizedbyTheArtInstituteofChicagoand Chicago,SusanF.Rossen,ExecutiveDbMlar presentedinthemuseum'sRegensteinHallfromNovember4,2000, EditedbyRobertV.Sharp,AssociateDirectorofPublications,and tojanuiiy7,2001.TheexhibitionwasalsopresentedattheAsiWiArt CatherineA.SteinnwHi,SpecialProjectsEdltoi;assistedbyF^Kh MineiMnofSanFranciscofromFebruaryaitoMay13,aooi. BrsbenecHart ProductionbySarahE.Guernsey,ProductionCoordinator,assistedby Cl2000byTheArtInstHuteofChicago StaceyA.Hendricks.P-odLLtionAiiiildnt ForcopyrightCofphoMgraphi,seeliliotogmphyCredits,p.40S. UnIlmeasgsiontgh,eArlwainseB.noNteedw,maallnp,hEowtcougtrlawpehsDianrectboyrtheDepartmentof Allrightsreserved.NopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedInany DesignedandtypesetbyEdMarquandandSusanE.Kelly,Marqiiand formorbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformation Books.Inc..Seattle.Wlishington storageandretrievalsystems,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthe SeparationsbyProfessionalGraphics,Inc.,Rockfbrd,Illinois PublicationsDepartmentofTheArtInstituteofChicago,exceptbya PrintedandboundbySnoeck-Dueaju&.Zoon,Ghent,Belgium reviewer,whomayquotebriefpassagesinareview. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicatianData ^nnismandtheArtsofChina"wassupportedbytheE.Rhodesand Utde,Stephen,19^4- LeonaB.GwpenlerFoHndation,theEstateofWiliiamBronsonMitchell TaoismandtheartsofChina/byStephenLittlewithShawnEkhman; aFnmdnMCfraFyocuendSaltoivoent,MiatncdheTlhl,etWh.eLHeSn.rSypLeuncoearFoFuoru»nddaattiiono,n.theFreenriari withpe.scsamy.sbyPatriciaEbregr...^al.] eMHiuapmjaaonnrdifi'uningedstihn.egiruwdnatdsheerpsrNt.oiavtniiddonie,dniglboyEfntcdhueolwtNuamrteailnotannafldorEatrnthdiesotAwircmtshe,enrditetdafigaerc.attheedto 3I(.pSb1TS.kaN.A:orotia>,ls5kI.m2t0—pe-aCip2hteaitr7n—)aaC4—h-oiEnx(hadio—btiEhtx:iMoanbislWc..oLpnasEp.led2ri.m)Ae—rnti,.saCSNhhieown-nes.saeoI—L-EiTxixhdjieSb.iyt^ions. Firstedition n8i99.t31582000 PrintedinBelgium 704.9'48995i4'095i—deal 00-34377 050403020100 987654321 PiMahteibf TheArtInstituteofChicago 111SouthMichiganAvenue Chicago,Illinois6060} k»associationu/ith CovcaANDBACKCOVER:details,OnKmnhnSenMefBiifimZhang Unhwrsi^ofCaliforniaPress (cat.no.$7);FRONTISPIECE,p.Kdetail.The Aimwrtailitte 1120Berioeleyway BerhelqiCaKibrnia$47>0 (cat.na Co(-y yuodmaterial Contents fi FQrp^A/orH CaTAIOCUF ofTHg EXHIBITION JamesN.Wood 7 Acknowledgments I.TTahoeisFtorTmraatdiitoinonofthe StFPHFN1ITTIF q NotestotheReader 115 1. LaoztandtheOriginsofTaoism io MapofChina 127 ^-HeavenandEarth:TaoistCosmology n ChronologicalTableofChinesePeriods 147 ^.tShaic*rIemdmMnorutnatkainsandCultsof andDynasties II ThfTaoistCHiiprH 1^ TaoismandtheArtsofChina 163 1.TheBeginningsofReligiousTaoism StFPHFMIITTIP 180 2.TaoistRitual 33 TKaRoIiSsTQmF:ETRhSeCHSItPoPrPytfoftheWay 227 I.TheTaoistPantheon S7 TaoistArchitecture III.TheTaoistRenaissance 2SS 1-TaoismandPopularReligion 77 oMfapWpuidnogumEalrlDyaToaoistArt:TheVisualCulture 27S 2.aDinvdinFeemMaalneifSeasitnattsionsofYin:Goddesses W'lHiiMr. 2qi -j.Zhenwu.thePerfectedWarrior 9S TaoismandArtattheCourtofSongHuizong PatriciaFrrfy y-j A.TaoistImmortals 337 5.InnerAlchemyandItsSymbolism 357 6.TheSacredLandscape 384 ChineseNamesandTerms 392 Bibliography 406 Contributors 407 LenderstotheExhibition 408 PhotographyCredits 409 Index Foreword JamesN.Wood TaoismandtheArtsofChinaisoccasionedbythefirst TheArtInstituteofChicago.Inordertoprovideasolidintellec- majorcxhibftioneverheldonthethemeofTaoismanditsin* tualandhistoricalcontextfcrtheworksofartpresentedhere, fluenceinChineseartThiscatalt^eandtheexhibitionitac- Dr.Littlebroughtt^etherleadingscholarsofChinesereligion, conripan hnvedrawnuponseveraidecadesofpioneering history,andartasparticipantsintheplanningoftheexhibition researchonTaoismbyscholarsofChinesereligionworkingin andascontributorstothispublication.Tofindandarrangeto America,Europe,andJapan.BothexplorethepivotalroleTao- ImrrowthemostsignificantTaoistartobjects,hecrisscrossed ismhasplayedintraditionalChina,wherechangehasalways theglobe,makingnumerousvisitstoAsiaandEurope,where beenseenasafundamentalaspectofreality.Taoismisofpri- cooperationandhospitalityweregrantedtohimandwherethe maryimportanceInChinesesocialandpoliticalhistory,andthe understandingshegainedorovcdinvaluable.—Dr.1itt'e'sskillsas exhibitionhasbeenorganizedinthebeliefthatanunderstand- acurator,arthir^torian,historian,andlinguist togetherwithhis ingofTaoismintradMonaiChinawiHenableusbettertocom- sheerIndefatigaoility—endiiedhimtoachievewhatheretofore prehendmodemChina.Thisgoalseemsparticularlyrelevantas mighthaveseemedimpossible,andforthiswethankhim. TaoismenjoysarenascenceinChinatodayandasAsian-based Finally,suchanundertakingrequiredmajorfinancialsupport, religionsattractincreasinginterestandfollowingintheWest. whichwasprovidedbygenerousgrantsfromanumberoffoun- ThroughoutthehistoryofTaoism,worlcsofartofthehighest dationsandculturalagencies.Fortheirhelpinrealizingthis qualityhavebeencreatedf»rdidacticandrituaipurposes,liio- project,wearedeeplygratefultotheE.Rhodesandleorw6. ismandtheArtsofChinaexplorestwocomplementarymodes CarpenterFoundation;theEstateofWilliamBronsonMitchell ofTaoistpractice:Taoismthatservesthespiritualneedsofthe andGrayceSlovetMitchell;theHenryLuceFoundation;the community,andTaoismthatservesthespiritualneedsofthe FreemanFamilyFoundation;andtheW.L.S,SpencerFounda- individual.Theover150worksofartpresentedhereenableusto tion.ThefederalculturalagerKies.theNationalEndowment explorekeyconceptualandartisticachievementsinthehistory fortheHumanitiesandtheNationalEndowmentfortheArts, ofTaoism. awardedmajorgrantstothisproject,providinganimportant TheArtInstitutede€ply appreciatesthemanyindividualsand endorsementofourefforts. institutionswhosegenerousloans,financialsupport,andintel- Atamomentwhennewpathsofcommunicationandex- lectualguidancehavemadethisexhibitionpossible.Theyare changearebeingforgedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates, thankedinmoredetailintheAcknowledgments.HereIcanack- weofferthispublicationandtheexhibitionitaccompaniesin nowledgeonlyafew.First,I\tou\dlikotoexpressmygratitude thehopethatvisitorsandreaderswillcomeawaywithnewun- toDr.EmilySano,Director,AsianArtMuseumofSanFrancisco, derstandingoftherolethevisualartshaveplayedinTaoistbelief theonlyothervenueforthisexhibition.Thepartnershipofthis andpracticeoverthelasttwomillennia,andanewappreciation museum,givenItsoutstandingholdingsandtheimportanoeof foroneoftheworld'smostinfluentialphilosopMcalandreli- ChinesecultureinnorthernCalifornia,isparticularlygratifying. gioustraditions. Theideaofthispathbreakingexhibitionwaspresentedtome fiveyearsagobyStephenLittle,PritzkerCuratorofAsianArtat JamesN.Wood,DirectorandPresident TheArtInstituteofChicago 6 Copyrightedmaterial AlknowLfcDGMhnts StephenLittle TaoismandtheArtsofChina"wasanundtrtakingoF TheinsightsandsuggestionsofRogerKeyes,thelateDavid suchmagnitudethatitoouMneverhavebeenachievedwithout Kidd.LiuDan,MorimotoYisuyoshi,andRichardPeggallhelped thehelpofmanyindividualsandinstitutions.Mydeepestthanks meenormously.PatriceFavakindlymadehisfilmsofTaoist gotoJamesN.Wood,DirectorandPresidentofTheArtInstitute ritualsandsitesinChinaavailabletome;mythanksgotohim ofChicago,fortheenthusiasticsupporthehasgiventheproject andtotheCentreNationalpourlaRechercheScientifique,Paris, fromitsicKeption.Iamprofoundlygratefultohimforproviding forallowingustousefootagefromhisfilmsintheexhibition. metheopportunitytorealizethisexhibition. InBeijingthanksgotoWangLimei,DeputyDirectorofthe TwomeetingsoftheCommitteeofHumanitiesSperia''Sts, ForeignAffairsSectionoftheAdministrativeBureauof fundedbyaPlanningGrantfromtheNationalEndowmentfor M'jseumsandArchaeologicalDataintheMinisir\'ofCulture; theHuimnHies,allowedforextensivediscussionoftheexhibi- YangYang,ChenXiaocheng,LeiCongyun,andZhangJianxianof tion'sconceptualstructure.Theexhibitionowesagreatdeal theDepartmentofForeignAflairs,ArtExhibitionsChina:Sun toadistinguishedgroupofadvisors:CharlesHartman,Terry TongchuanandVMngYi'eroftheBaiyunCuan;YangXin,Shan Kleeman.LotharLedderose,KristoferSchipper,NathanSivin, Cuoqiang,KongChen,andShiAnchangofthePalaceMuseum; WuHung,andEricZurcher.ShawnEichman,coordinatorfor andYuQinoftheChinaNationalMuseumofFineArts.Iam theexhibitionattheArtInstitute,wrotemanyofthecatalogue gratefultoChenSongchangoftheHunanProvincialMuseum, entries.HisvastknowledgeofTaoismmadeitpossibleto Changsha;T.T.TsuiandCatalinaChoroftheTsuiArtFoundation, exploreaspectsofTaoistartthatwouldhaveremainedthor- HongKong;StephenMcCuinnesiofPlumBlossoms oughlyesotericwithouthisinvolvement. (International)Ud.,HongKong;ShanCuolin,ZhongYinglan, Wearealsodeeplygratefultomanyrenownedscholarsof andZhouYhnchunoftheShanghaiMuseun^ChenZhuoofthe Chineseculturewithwhomwediscussedtheproject,andwho TianjinMunidpalArtMuseum;BaWuoftheShanxiProvincial freelysharedtheirknowledgewitHjs:RichardBarnhart.T.H. Museum.Taiyuan;andZhangTongofthetheAdministrative Barrett,StephenR.Bokcnkdt-;:;,Phylii!:[jrooks.Picrrc-Hcnryde BureauofMuseumsandArchaeologicalDataofShaanxiProv- Bruyn,SuzanneCahill,JonathanChaves,PatriciaEbrcy,Donald ince,Xi'an,InTaipeiIthankChinHstao-i,ChangLin-sheng,Lin J.Harper,StanleyE.Henning,SusanHuang,KobayashiMasa- Po-fing,andWrngXho-fingoftheNationalPalaceMuseum. yoshi,UviaKohn,PaulKroll.JohnLagenvey^ThomasLawton,Lin inJapanIamgrateful,inTokyo,toHayashiOnandSuzuki S^pnpjh' OliverMoore,JuliaMurray,Su<!anNaquin,Isabelle NoriooftheAgencyforCulturalAffairs;andNishiolfsYasuhiro Roblnet,HaroldD.Roth,MichaelSaso,NancyShatzmanStein- andMinatoNobuyukioftheTokyoNationalMuseum.Alsoto hardt,JasonSteuber,StephenTelser,FrartdscusVerellen,Ann bethankedareYUyamaKen'khl,NakagawaHisayasu,Nishl- Waltner,andJudithZeitlin.iwouldliketothankAngelikaBor- gamiMinoru,andMelissaM.RinneoftheKyotoNational chert,SimoneCriessmeyer,PetraRoesch,andJoachimOsse, Museum;NobuoMiyajiandMoriyasuOsamuoftheOkayama graduatestudentsattheUniversityofHeidelberg,andDe-nin PrefecturalMuseumofArt;andMinoYutakaandNakagawa Lee,agraduatestudentatStanfordUniversity,fortheirmany KenichioftheOsakaMunicipalMuseumofArtIamalsograte- contributionstotheinitialresearchthatledtothecatalogue fultotheabbotsoftheChlon-JLl^oto,andtheReiun-ji,Tokyo. 7 CopyrightedmalBriai InEnglandIwouldliketoacknowledge,inLondon,thehelpof Albert,RyanGregg,BemdJesse,i>eflnnaLee,CraigMcBride, FrancesWbodandBethMcKillopoftheOrientalandIndiaOffice PratapadityaPal,ElinorPearistein,BettySeid,BettySiffert,and CollectionsattheBritishLibrary;RobertKnox.AnneFarrer, BethTekell.IamdeeplygratefultoEdwardWHorner,Jr.,Karin JessicaHarrison-Hall,andCarolMichaelsonoftheBritish Victoria,MeredithHayes,andJenniferHarrisoftheDevelop- IMuseum;andRoseKerr,VerityWilson,andMingWilsonofthe mentDepartment,whowereinstrumentalinsecuringthees- VictoriaandAlbertiuluseum.TobethankedinParis,France,are sentialfinancialsupport(orthisundertaking.DeniseGardner JacquesCi^sandLaureFeugereoftheMus^eNationaldesArts andJuliaPerkinsconductedvaluableaudienceresearchforthis AsiatiqucsCuimetandMoniqueCohenandNatalieMonetof project.Inaddition,IextendmygratitudetoDorothySchroeder theBibliothequeNationaiedeFrance.InGermanyIamgrateful mtheOff\ceoftheDirectorandPresident;MarySolt,Martha toAdeleSchlombsoftheMuseumfiOrOstasiatischeKunst, Sharma,andtheinstallationcrewoftheRegistrar'sOffice; Cologne;andBrunoRiehtritidoftheStattlichesMuseumftlr ChristopherGallagher,RobertIHashlmoto,RobertLiison,AlanB. VBllcerlcunde,Munirh.InSwitzerlandIthankAlbertL'jtzand Newman,andGregoryA.WilliamsoftheDepartmentofImag- HelmutBrinkcrofMuseumRietberg,Zurich.InCanadaIam ing;BarbaraJ.Hall,SuzanneR.Schnepp,andEmlyP.Dunn gratefultoKlaasRuitenbeeckandKa-boTsangoftheRoyal InConservation;HarrietStratisandBrigitteYehinPrintsand OntarioMuseum,Ibronto. Drawings;LynDelliQuadriandherstafFinGraphicDesignand IntheUnitedStatesIwishtothankHiramWoodwardofthe CommunicationServices:JackBrownandhisstaffintheRyer- WMtersArtGallery,Baltimore:MrandMrs.Wan-goH.C.Weng; sonLibrary;andEileenHarakalandherstaffinPublicAffairs, RichardandNancyRosenblum;WuTungandErinBennettof inparticular,JohnHmdmanandChaiLee, theMuseumofFineArts,Boston;RobertMowiy^AnneRose IamdeeplygratefultothePublicationsDepartment'sRobert Kitagawa,andMelissaMoyoftheArthurM.SadderMuseum, V.SharpandCatherineA.Steinmann,who,assisiedbyl^iith HarvardUniversity,Cambridge;JamesK.M.ChengandChun BrabenecHa-t.editedthisdauntingandfengtHyr^anuscript ShumoftheHarvard-YenchingLibrary;Benne;Bronsonand withdeepcomrritncnt,exactingcare,andtirelessdedication; Chui-meiHooftheFieldMuseum,Chicago;EllenAvriland SarahE.Guernsey,whoexpertlymanagedtheproductionoftfiis BarbaraICCibbs,bothfonmerlyoftheCincinnatiArtMuseum; beautifulbook;andStaceyA.Hendricks,whomannedphotog- Chouju-hsioftheClevelandMuseumofArt;GeorgeEllisand raphyeditingandassistedwithproduction.SusanKellyand JuliaWhiteoftheHonoluluAcademyofArts;MarcWilsonand EdMarquandofMarquandBooks,Seattle,wereresponsiblefor YangXiaonengoftheNelson-AtkinsMuseumofArt,Kansas thesuperbdesignofthecatalogue.ThanksarealsoduetoPat Gty;J.KeidiWilson,JuneU,andVictoriaBiythHilloftheLos GoleyofProfesslonaiGraphics,Rockfeid,whocreatedout- AngelesCountyMtiseumofArt;RobertJacobsenoftheMinne- standingseparationsforthiscatalogue;thanksgoalsotoCyndi apolisIr^tituteofArs;LaurelKendallandAnnPo'terofthe Richards,whoassistedhim.JohnVincip'oducedanequally AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,NewYoric;WenFong, outstandinginstallationdesignfortheexhibition.Finally,special MaxwellHearn,andJudithSmithoftheMetropolitanMuseum thanksgotoJaneClarkeoftheDepartmentofMuseumEduca- ofAlt.NewYork;IHowardRogersandArnoldChangofKaikodo, tion,whoactedasliaisontoanenthusiasticstafftodevelopa NewYork;AmyHeinrichoftheC.V.StarrEastAsianLibrary^ richvarietyofinterpretiveprogramsfortheexhibition. ColumbiaUniversity.NewYork;ZhouYuanandWilliamAls- paughoftheUniversityofChicagoLibrary;FeliceFischerand StephenLittle,PritzkerCuratorofAsianArt AdrianaProzerofthePhiladelphiaMuseumofArt;CaryY.Uu TheArtInstituteofChicago oFtheArtMuseum,PrincetonUniversity;CaronSmith,David Kencik.andSongYuoftheSanDiegoMuseumofArt:Emily Sano,MichaelKnight,HeLi,PaulineYao,andHanniForester oftheAsianArtMuseumofSanFrancisco;MimiNeillGates andJayXuoftheSeattleArtMuseum;andMiloBeach,Joseph Chang,JanStuart,andStephenAlleeoftheArthurM.Sackler Gallery.SmithsonianInstitution,Washington,DC. SpecialthanksgotothemembersoftheArtInstitute's AsianArtDepartmentfortheirsupportofthispraject:Maiy t ACKNOWUOCMENTS Copy[iL|[,tedmaterial

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.