Taking Glasnost Seriously - Toward Open Soviet Union

219 Pages·1988·5.025 MB·English

by  Michael Novak

TAKING
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TAKING
GLASNOST
SERIOUSLY
MICHAENLO VAK
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reminodfte hrhe u mamne anoifnt ghH ee l­
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abstraicnft aivooonfarss t efaodcyou nts h e
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isl arpgae;ro tfi tc anb ed ischabryg ed
takitnhtgei mteor eatdh essepe eches."
"Feiwaf,n yA,m eripcoasnssMe iscsh ael
Novadke'psot fhu nderstoafhn udmianng
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T·A · ·KNI · G·
GLASNOST
SERIOUSLY
TOWARDA NO PEN
SOVIETU NION
MICHAEL NOVAK
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH
Washington, D.C.
Michael Novak holds the George Frederick Jewett Chair in Religion,
Philosophy, and Public Policy at the American Enterprise Institute,
where he serves as director of Social and Political Studies. He was
appointed head of the U.S. delegation to the Experts' Meeting on
Human Contacts of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in
Europe and served as a presidential adviser to the Ford and Carter
administrations. Mr. Novak has published numerous books including
The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism, Moral Clarity in the Nuclear Age,
Confession ofa Catholic, Freedom with Justice: Catholic Social Thought and
Liberal Institutions, and Will ItLib erate? Questions about Liberation The­
ology.
Distributed by arrangement with
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LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-Diant-:aP ubl8i cation
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Novak, Michael.
Taking Glasnost seriously.
1. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
(1975: Helsinki, Finland) 2. CSCE Experts Meeting on Human Contact
(1986: Bern, Switzerland) 3. Soviet Union-Emigration and
immigration. 4. Civil rights-Soviet Union. I. Title.
JX1393.C65N68 1988 327.1'7'094 87-34895 CIP
ISBN 0-8447-3641-4
ISBN 0-8447-3642-2 (pbk.)
/?_ 0() b 7 / 7� '7 f''3
AEI Studies 465
© 1988 by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,
Washington, D.C. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used
or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from
the American Enterprise Institute except in the case of brief quotations em­
bodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in
the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers,
or trustees of AEI.
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Printed in the United States ofA merica
SOCIAL SCIENC'�7 A"-:n ,.n�TORY DIVISION
THE CH!• -SO l,,_, '.; LIBRARY
..-
Contents
PREFACE
Michael Novak
INTRODUCTION
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
PART ONE
PREVIEW
1
ASSIGNMENT IN BERN 3
2
ON HUMAN CONTACTS: A TURNING POINT? 6
3
PROSPECTS FOR BERN 9
PART Two
SPEECHES IN BERN: April 3-May 27, 1986
4
BERN: PuRPOSE AND BACKGROUND 15
5
PEACE, COOPERATION, AND SECURITY 19
6
OPEN PLENARY MEETINGS AND THE PuBLIC 23
7
ORDINARY PEOPLE: THE DREAM AND THE REALITY 28
8
RIGHT OF REPLY: ON TERRORISM 33
9
A NEW BEGINNING FOR DIVIDED SPOUSES 37
V
10 FAMILRYE UNICFAITION 45
11 RESPONTSOES OVIECTH ARGEOSFA PRI2L3 54
INCREASHIUNMGA NC ONTACTS 59
12 Ambassador Sol Polansky
13 REGARDIVNIGS PAR ACTICES 66
14 TOWARADN O PENS OVIUENTI ON 69
15 THER IGHTTO B EI SSUAE PDA SSPORT 84
16 EXTEMPORREEP LADYM:I NISTRATLIAVBEY RINTHS 89
17 REMOVILNEGG AOLB STACLREESS TRICTCIONNGT ACTS 92
18 RELIGIAONUDSH UMANC ONTACTS 96
19 EXTEMPORRIEG HOTF R EPLOYN L ABOURN IONS 101
20 INS UPPOORFTF RELEA BOURN IONS 105
21 INS UPPOORFTN ONGOVERNMENOTRAGLA NIZATION1S1 0
RELIGICOOUNST ACTS
113
22 Ambassador Sol Polansky
23 RIGHOTF R EPLOYN R ELIGION 118
24 ON MAILA NDP OSTAILN TERFERENCE 121
vi
25 REMARKS ON ENTRY VISAS AND EXIT VISAS 124
26 RIGHT OF REPLY TO POLAND 130
-
STATEMENT ON NATIONAL MINORITIES AND REGIONAL
27
CULTURES 132
Ambassador Sol Polansky
28 REMARKS ON THE MAY 16 SPEECH BY THE USSR 134
MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE HELSINKI FINAL
29
AcT: DRAFT OF PLENARY ADDRESS 140
30 SAKHAROv'S BIRTHDAY 145
WORDS VERSUS COMPLIANCE: CONCLUDING PLENARY
31
ADDRESS 148
PART THREE
THE AFTERMATH
32 THE ENDGAME 153
33
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AT BERN 161
34 BREAKTHROUGH IN BERN 168
35 TAKING HELSINKI SERIOUSLY 170
36 EPILOGUE 173
APPENDIX: COMPARISON OF HELSINKI/MADRID LANGUAGE
WITH BERN'S FINAL COMPROMISE PROPOSALS AND
ANALYTICAL COMMENTS 175
vii
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Paul M. Bator Resident Scholar
Resident Scholar; Director,
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University of Chicago Nicholas N. Eberstadt Resident Scholar
Gary S. Becker Visiting Scholar Michael Novak
University Professor of Economics Gerald R. Ford George F.J ewett Scholar;
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Preface
The Bern Experts' Meeting, including its two weeks of preliminary
meetings, lasted a total of forty working week days-although week­
ends, too, were often heavily scheduled with group trips or private
meetings. A frank description of the hurried conditions under which
the speeches collected below were composed would defy belief. The
schedulers of international meetings allow frightfully little time for
actual writing. The duties of an ambassador-to the thirty-four other
ambassadors present, to the public, to the press, to his own staff, and
to steady communication with his capital-fill every free minute of
the day. From eight in the morning until eleven or midnight,
P.M.
there are duties to be met. In wanting to write my own speeches, I
had to fight for minutes and struggle to complete even paragraphs.
The assistance of staff was, of course, tremendous. In our case,
experts in various areas drew up "building blocks" for speeches,
accumulated the factual data, verified details, and suggested argu­
ments. They also criticized each of my full drafts as it emerged,
pointing out flaws and potential misunderstandings. The U.S. team
in Bern-staffed both by the State Department and by the Helsinki
Commission of the U.S. Congress-was expert, extremely well pre­
pared, and invariably generous with overtime and frantic work. I can
never thank them enough: Ambassador Sol Polansky and Sam Wise of
the Helsinki Commission, who provided experienced leadership
throughout; Ambassador Max Kampelman, who came over from
Geneva for one extremely important appearance at Bern; Julien
LeBourgeois, the talented and classy officer assigned by the State
Department to the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Eu­
rope; and many others from the State Department or the Helsinki
Commission: Ed Alexander, Debby Burns, Bruce Connuck, Tom
Countryman, Orest Deychakiwsky, Barbara Edwards, John Finerty,
Dolores Fitch, Michael Hathaway, Carol Medeiros, Golde Rhodes,
John Schmidt, Earlina Smith, John Spiegel, and Mildred Zyvoloski. A
special word of thanks is due to two distinguished experts who each
joined briefly and with spirit in our work: George Urban and William
Korey.
MICHAEL NOVAK
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