Moral Education and British Humanitarianism in South Africa ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDIES OF EDUCATION Anthropological Studies of Education Series editor Amy Stambach University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison, WI, USA This series examines the political, ideological, and power-laden dimensions of education from an anthropological perspective. Books in this series look at how society is defined in relation to education. It delves into the kinds of communities that are imagined through educational policies, curricula, institutions, and programming. Many books in the series use ethnography to capture diverse educational positions and experiences. The series uses concepts such as social practice, myth-making, political organization, and economic exchange to address substantive issues pertaining to education in the moment and over time. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14767 Oliver Pattenden Taking Care of the Future Moral Education and British Humanitarianism in South Africa Oliver Pattenden Greater London, UK Anthropological Studies of Education ISBN 978-3-319-69825-0 ISBN 978-3-319-69826-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69826-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962966 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Cover © Oliver Pattenden Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland For my beautiful wife, Claire And Barry and Jacqui, my loving parents A cknowledgements Many thanks must first go to George Chant, who made it possible for me to receive a generous Ambassadorial Scholarship from Rotary International, which funded much of the fieldwork at the heart of this book. I am also grateful to his colleagues at the Rotary Club of Berkhamsted Bulbourne and Rotary District 1260, who helped to fund my return to South Africa in 2013. I’d also like to thank members of the Rotary Club of Grahamstown for hosting me so graciously. During my visits to South Africa, numerous other people also offered unwavering munificence. Every individual I had the pleasure of spending time with at Ngomso School is an integral part of this book. Their warm welcome will stay with me forever, and they taught me a great deal about what it means to inspire others. The experiences we shared have fashioned my life for the better; I only hope that I have been able to repay them in some way. Many of those who demand special mention appear by name in this book (albeit frequently under pseudonyms). I have not had the chance to thank them all personally but hope to do so. I also want to acknowledge the assistance of all my interlocutors who live in the UK. The Anthropology Department at Rhodes became a home from home for me. Des Bekker’s warmth and generosity knew no bounds. Silvana Barbali, Nosipho Mngomezulu, Joy Owen, Patti Henderson, Rose Boswell, and Penny Bernard filled my soul with laughter and my head with stimulating discussion. Jai Clifford-Holmes is one of the world’s wonder- ful humans. I thank him for his friendship and the hours he spent improv- ing my work. Throughout 2011 and into 2012, Chris de Wet had the dubious honour of supervising an inquisitive young man who had never vii viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS studied anthropology before. His guidance and enviable intellect have helped to sustain my work ever since. With his wife Liz, he also helped me to settle into my surroundings, and I thank them both for that. If I am Ernie, in Robin Palmer I found Bert. In Grahamstown, he went beyond the call of duty, opening up his house to me and graciously accept- ing my boundless enthusiasm to talk to him at all hours of the day. Di, Robin’s wife, could not have been more giving with her hospitality either. Robin then went further by offering to supervise my research from 2012 onwards. To say that I am incredibly grateful to him for this gesture and the endless hours of support he has given me would be an understatement. I just hope he knows that I have not taken his encouragement, insight, commitment, and patience for granted. Professor Palmer—you are a true gentleman. Several other academics have helped me along the way too. Amy Stambach took an early interest in my work, extending a much-welcomed invitation to spend the day at the University of Oxford. I am also grateful to Amy for helping me to attend the CIES Annual Conference in Washington and for all that she has done to help me to improve my work at various stages throughout the publication process. My thanks also go to Dalene Swanson, Charles Stafford, Leon Tikly, Charley Nussey, and Jenny Parkes, as well as Leslie Bank, Aleksandar Bošković, and Derick Fay, who not only examined my PhD thesis so thoroughly but also offered incredi- bly helpful suggestions regarding the transition to publication. Gemma Aellah and Raymond Apthorpe at the RAI have convinced me that there is a little corner of London where I can find intellectual stimulation and friendly conversation. During the writing and editing process, Alexis Belson and Kyra Saniewski at Palgrave Macmillan have both been incred- ibly supportive. I’m also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers who helped me to improve the manuscript. As will become apparent, one focus of this study is parental care and nurturance. I have written every word knowing how fortunate I am to have the two most selfless parents anyone could wish for: Barry and Jacqui and Mr and Mrs P. Their unending desire to give everything that they have to their children is the reason that I am now writing these acknowl- edgements. As a child, they sustained and fed my curiosity with hours of attention and stimulation, and as an adult, they have nourished my ambi- tions and helped to mend my flaws. I love them both. I am also thankful that my sisters, Lucy, Emily, and Abi, and their families have forgiven my failures as a brother/uncle while I have focused on my research. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S ix In 2010, in the pouring rain, over a year before I began my studies, I met a young lady named Claire Jared (aka Chip) in a queue for a night- club. We were married in June 2016. Her love fuels my very being, and her mind shapes the way that I see the world. This companionship is evi- dent on every page. Chip has endured years of uncertainty and upheaval to support me each and every step of the way. For every moment that she has sacrificed herself to make me happy, I will be eternally grateful. With the book now complete, I intend to repay her with all the love that she deserves. My warmest thanks also go to Claire’s parents, Dave and Faye, and all of her family, for supporting us both. Finally, it is time to shake the paw of my co-author—our cat, Puck. Thank you for walking over my key- board at inappropriate moments, every day for the last four years. Without your input, I could never have reached the finish line. c ontents 1 H aving a Future 1 2 Living in a City, Town, and Location 59 3 Extrinsic Barriers to Learning 99 4 A Loving Education 167 5 Promoting Specialness 219 6 The Politics of Responsibility 273 7 Being Taught How to Hope 337 8 The Way Forward? 389 Bibliography 409 Index 453 xi
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