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Springer Proceedings in Materials Kalisadhan Mukherjee Rama Kanta Layek Debasis De Editors Tailored Functional Materials Select Proceedings of MMETFP 2021 Springer Proceedings in Materials Volume 15 SeriesEditors ArindamGhosh,DepartmentofPhysics,IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore, India DanielChua,DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,National UniversityofSingapore,Singapore,Singapore FlavioLeandrodeSouza,UniversidadeFederaldoABC,SaoPaulo,SãoPaulo, Brazil OralCenkAktas,InstituteofMaterialScience,Christian-Albrechts-Universitätzu Kiel,Kiel,Schleswig-Holstein,Germany YafangHan,BeijingInstituteofAeronauticalMaterials,Beijing,Beijing,China JianghongGong,SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing,Beijing,China MohammadJawaid ,LaboratoryofBiocompositeTechnology,INTROP, UniversitiPutraMalaysia,Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia Springer Proceedings in Materials publishes the latest research in Materials Science and Engineering presented at high standard academic conferences and scientific meetings. It provides a platform for researchers, professionals and studentstopresenttheirscientificfindingsandstayup-to-datewiththedevelopment in Materials Science and Engineering. The scope is multidisciplinary and ranges fromfundamentaltoappliedresearch,including,butnotlimitedto: • StructuralMaterials • MetallicMaterials • Magnetic,OpticalandElectronicMaterials • Ceramics,Glass,Composites,NaturalMaterials • Biomaterials • Nanotechnology • CharacterizationandEvaluationofMaterials • EnergyMaterials • MaterialsProcessing To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact one of our SpringerPublishingEditorsaccordingtoyouraffiliation: Europeancountries:MayraCastro([email protected]) India,SouthAsiaandMiddleEast:PriyaVyas([email protected]) SouthKorea:SmithChae([email protected]) Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand: Ramesh Nath Premnath (ramesh. [email protected]) TheAmericas:MichaelLuby([email protected]) Chinaandalltheothercountriesorregions:MengchuHuang (mengchu.huang@ springer.com) ThisbookseriesisindexedinSCOPUSdatabase. · · Kalisadhan Mukherjee Rama Kanta Layek Debasis De Editors Tailored Functional Materials Select Proceedings of MMETFP 2021 Editors KalisadhanMukherjee RamaKantaLayek PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity DepartmentofSeparationScience Gandhinagar,India SchoolofEngineeringScience LUTUniversity DebasisDe Lahti,Finland RGIPT—EnergyInstituteBengaluru (CentreofRajivGandhiInstitute ofPetroleumTechnology) Bengaluru,India ISSN 2662-3161 ISSN 2662-317X (electronic) SpringerProceedingsinMaterials ISBN 978-981-19-2571-9 ISBN 978-981-19-2572-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2572-6 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Symposium Organizers Patron Prof.S.SundarManoharan,DirectorGeneral,PDEU VicePatron Prof.SunilKhanna,Director,SchoolofTechnology,PDEU Chairmen Prof.RajibBandyopadhyay,Head,DepartmentofChemistry,PDEU Prof.A.R.Jani,Chairman,MRSI,GujaratChapter Convener Dr.KalisadhanMukherjee Co-conveners Dr.SatyamMahendraraoShinde Dr.BalanaguluBusupalli Dr.PrahladK.Baruah v vi SymposiumOrganizers ThemeCoordinator Dr.AnkurSolanki Dr.MohendraRoy Dr.NandiniMukherjee Dr.RamaGaur Treasurer Dr.TapanPal Dr.VasudevTrivedi TechnicalCommittee Dr.RanjanKumarPati Dr.SheetalRawat Dr.SyedSahabuddin Dr.AnupV.Sanchela Dr.PrakashChandra Dr.NitinChaudhari Dr.MeghaBalha Dr.AnuManhas Mr.AbhishekAtulbhaiGor AdvisoryCommittee Prof.TarunShah,Registrar,PDEU,India Prof.ChaitanyamoyGanguly,PDEU,India Prof.AnuragGupta,PDEU,India Prof.S.B.Krupanidhi,PresidentMRSI,IISc,Bengaluru,India Prof.P.S.AnilKumar,ChairmanMRSI,IISc,Bengaluru,India Prof.SureshDas,ImmediatePastPresident,MRSI,India Prof.G.U.Kulkarni,JNCASR,Bengaluru,India Prof.S.M.Shivaprasad,JNCASR,Bengaluru,India Prof.NagaHanumaiah,CMTIBengaluru,India Prof.SusantaBanerjee,IITKharagpur,India Prof.AlikaKhare,IITGuwahati,India Prof.SamitKumarRay,SNBNCBS,Kolkata,India SymposiumOrganizers vii Prof.TataNarasingaRao,ARCI,Hyderabad,India Prof.B.L.V.Prasad,NCL,Pune,India Prof.AsimBhaumik,IACS,Kolkata,India Prof.ParameswarK.Iyer,IITGuwahati,India Prof.AshishGarg,IITKanpur,India Dr.AsitKumarDas,RelianceIndustriesLimited,India Preface International Symposium on Materials of the Millennium: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects (MMETFP-2021) was organized by Pandit Deendayal Energy University (PDEU), Gandhinagar, India, in association with Materials Research SocietyofIndia,GujaratChapter,atPDEUcampusduringNovember19–21,2021. Itwas ahybrid mode (both online and on-campus) event involving more than 400 participants.MMETFPaimedtoprovideaplatformtotheresearcherstounveilthe complete potential of smart materials in disruptive technologies and help in tack- ling current and upcoming challenges of the millennium. The meticulous effort of each and every members of organizing team and whole-hearted contribution from participanthaveputforwardtowardmakingtheeventasuccessfulone. This book presents the select proceedings of MMETFP-2021. It discusses the synthesis,tailoring,andcharacterizationofdifferentmaterialsforfunctionalappli- cations in various sectors which include, but not limited to, energy, environment, biomedical/healthcare,construction,transportation,etc.Topicscoveredinthisbook aresynthesisandcharacterizationofpolymers,ceramics,composites,biomaterials, carbon-basednanostructuresaswellasmaterialsforgreenenvironment,structural materials,modeling,andsimulationofmaterials.Wethankalltheauthors,reviewers, springereditorialboardmembersfortheircarefuleffortsandvaluabletimetoward arrangingthearticlesforthisproceeding. Gandhinagar,India Dr.KalisadhanMukherjee Lahti,Finland Dr.RamaKantaLayek Bengaluru,India Dr.DebasisDe ix List of Reviewers Dr.PrahladKumarBaruah,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.SubhasisRoy,UniversityofCalcutta,Kolkata,India Dr.SuvenduManna,UniversityofPetroleumandEnergyStudies,Dehradun,India Dr.ArpanKumarNayak,VelloreInstituteofTechnology,Vellore,India Dr.K.Vipindas,IIITDMKurnool,India Dr.SanjayPratihar,CSIR-CSMCRI,Bhavnagar,India Dr.NandiniMukherjee,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.AnirbanDas,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.AnuManhas,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.BrijeshTripathi,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.TapanK.Pal,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.DipanjanSengupta,InstituteofNanoScienceandTechnology,Mohali,India Dr.ProsenjitSaha,JISInstituteofAdvancedStudiesandResearch,Kolkata,India Dr. Debasis De, Energy Institute Bengaluru (Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of PetroleumTechnology),Bengaluru,India Dr.RamaKantaLayek,LUTUniversity,Finland Dr.ChandiC.Malakar,NITManipur,India Dr.SumitBhawal,NavrachanaUniversity,India Dr.MrityunjoyMahato,NorthEasternHillUniversity,India Dr.BipinKumarSingh,GoelInstituteofTechnologyandManagement,India Dr.AshishUnnarkat,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.RohitSrivastava,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.RamaGaur,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr. Adarsh Kumar Arya, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India Dr.AyanMukherjee,CSIR-IMMT,India Dr.AnkitDeshmukh,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.AyyannaHabal,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.ShobhitChaturvedi,PanditDeendayalEnergyUniversity,Gandhinagar,India Dr.DebashisGhosh,CSIR-CMERI,Durgapur,India Dr.A.A.Prasanna,MalnadCollegeofEngineering,Hassan,Karnataka,India xi