Tag questions in conversation : a typology of their interactional and stance meanings PDF
Preview Tag questions in conversation : a typology of their interactional and stance meanings
Tag Questions in Conversation A typology of their interactional and stance meanings Ditte Kimps S t u d i e s i n C o r p u s L i n g u i s t i c s 83 JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY Tag Questions in Conversation Studies in Corpus Linguistics (SCL) issn 1388-0373 SCL focuses on the use of corpora throughout language study, the development of a quantitative approach to linguistics, the design and use of new tools for processing language texts, and the theoretical implications of a data-rich discipline. For an overview of all books published in this series, please see http://benjamins.com/catalog/books/scl General Editor Founding Editor Ute Römer Elena Tognini-Bonelli Georgia State University The Tuscan Word Centre/University of Sienna Advisory Board Laurence Anthony Susan Hunston Waseda University University of Birmingham Antti Arppe Michaela Mahlberg University of Alberta University of Birmingham Michael Barlow Anna Mauranen University of Auckland University of Helsinki Monika Bednarek Andrea Sand University of Sydney University of Trier Tony Berber Sardinha Benedikt Szmrecsanyi Catholic University of São Paulo Catholic University of Leuven Douglas Biber Elena Tognini-Bonelli Northern Arizona University The Tuscan Word Centre/The University of Siena Marina Bondi Yukio Tono University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Jonathan Culpeper Martin Warren Lancaster University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Sylviane Granger Stefanie Wulff University of Louvain University of Florida Stefan Th. Gries University of California, Santa Barbara Volume 83 Tag Questions in Conversation A typology of their interactional and stance meanings by Ditte Kimps Tag Questions in Conversation A typology of their interactional and stance meanings Ditte Kimps KU Leuven John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Cover design: Françoise Berserik Cover illustration from original painting Random Order by Lorenzo Pezzatini, Florence, 1996. doi 10.1075/scl.83 Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from Library of Congress: () / (-) isbn 978 90 272 0043 3 (Hb) isbn 978 90 272 6433 6 (e-book) © 2018 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company · https://benjamins.com Table of contents Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Typographical conventions in the examples Key to transcription conventions chapter 1 Introduction chapter 2 State of the art and aims of study . Overview table . Functional studies .. Form-based typologies .. Interactional typologies .. Stance typologies .. Some problems with the existing functional typologies . Prosodic studies . Innit and invariable tag studies . Variational and comparative studies . Socio- and psycholinguistic studies . Aims of this study chapter 3 Corpora, data and methodology . Corpora: COLT, LLC and ICE-GB . Data extraction: Building a dataset . Data processing .. Prosodic annotation .. The tagging and categorization process 44 .. Distribution of speaker characteristics and conversation types . Data analysis Tag Questions in Conversation chapter 4 TQ properties . The TQ construction: Anchor + tag . Mood and modality .. Mood types .. Types of modality .. A-events, B-events and AB-events . Polarity patterns . Conversational features .. Adjacency pairs .. Turn position .. Responses to TQs . Prosodic features .. Tone units .. Tones on anchor and tag . Th e prototypical TQ and (un)markedness of options within properties . A note on how to interpret these properties chapter 5 Speech functions . T owards a systematic description of the speech functions of English TQs . Speech function types of TQs 94 .. Questions 97 .. Statements .. Statement-question blends .. Responses ... TQs responding to a statement ... TQs responding to a wh-interrogative ... TQs responding to a polar interrogative ... TQs responding to a TQ .. Desired actions .. Ambiguous TQs . Comparison of the speech function types and their features .. A brief overview of the speech function types .. A flowchart approach to the classification of TQs into speech functions .. Comparing speech functions in relation to their main properties Table of contents chapter 6 Stance typology of TQs . T owards a systematic description of the stance types conveyed by English TQs .. TQs and modal particles .. TQs and the notion of common ground . TQs as markers of common ground perception and negotiation .. Signalling a breach in common ground ... Signalling a breach in and reconstructing common ground ... Signalling and exacerbating the breach .. Establishing common ground . Comparison of the stance types and their properties .. A brief overview of the stance types .. The speaker–hearer commitment continuum .. Comparing stance types in relation to their properties chapter 7 TQs across the three corpora 7.1 Distribution of speech function types in ICE-GB, LLC and COLT 7.2 Distribution of TQ stance types in ICE-GB, LLC and COLT 7.3 Distribution of TQ properties in ICE-GB, LLC and COLT 7.4 Explaining the differences between ICE-GB, COLT and LLC 7.4.1 A real time language change? 7.4.2 Possible impact of speakers’ age 7.4.3 Possible impact of speakers’ gender 7.4.4 Possible impact of conversation types 7.4.5 Possible factors combined 7.5 Some concluding remarks chapter 8 Conclusions and prospects for future research References Appendix Name index Subject index Acknowledgements This book, a revised version of my PhD thesis, could not have been written with- out the input and encouragement of many people. First of all I want to thank my supervisor Kristin Davidse for taking me on first as an MA student and later as a PhD researcher, when I was appointed on the FWO-Flanders Research Founda- tion project grant G.0560.11, of which Bert Cornillie was the co-promoter. I thank both my supervisors for their detailed and constructive feedback, which stimu- lated me to think through my arguments and elaborate my own approach. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to Gerard O’Grady who introduced me to the study of prosody, both instrumental and auditory. I am very grateful to a number of other people for their careful comments on the manuscript and their help with the publication process. In their capacity as members of my doctoral examination board, Jean-Christophe Verstraete and Gisle Andersen provided valuable suggestions. Karen Axelsson generously gave much appreciated comments on my PhD thesis. As acquisition editor of John Benjamins, Kees Vaes offered friendly advice and guidance. Elena Tognini-Bonelli and Ute Römer, the series editors of Studies in Corpus Linguistics Series, kindly accepted the manuscript for review. Jonathan Culpeper, who chose to break his anonymity as reviewer, made many helpful suggestions for revision. Any errors which remain are, needless to say, entirely mine. Thanks must also go to Bas Aarts, Sean Wallis, Knut Hofland, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi for making the corpus data analysed in this book available to me, and to Wim Van der Elst for getting me started in R and for his advice on statistics. Writing this book has been both demanding and gratifying, and I am grate- ful to have received invaluable support and advice from a number of linguists and researchers at various stages in the writing process: Hendrik De Smet, Steven Schoonjans, Peter Dirix, Wendy Elvira-García, Koen Jaspaert, Liesbet H eyvaert, Pedro Gras Manzano, Lise Fontaine, Bert Oben, Caroline G entens, Natalia Pericchi, Sol Sansiñena, KatrienVerveckken, Frauke D’hoedt, Stef Spronck, Nikki van de Pol, Liisa Deth Theilgaard, Gunell Tottie, Sebastian Hoffmann, and Donka Farkas. To my family and friends, I must express my gratitude for their time and encouragement, and for bringing me happiness. Through the process of writing this book Johnny and my children, Manno and Aloxe, have been an invaluable support and it is to them that I dedicate this book.
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