Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary PDF
Preview Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary
44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage short standard 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage Editor DonaldVenes,M.D.,M.S.J. (ForApril) ManagingEditor ArthurBiderman AssociateManagingEditor EvelynAdler AssistantEditor/DatabaseAdministrator BrigitteG.Fenton ContributingEditor AlisonD.Enright CopyEditors JosephPatwell DeborahM.Posner Ann-AdeleWight Proofreaders JamesEidam JoyMatkowski ChristopherMuldor PronunciationEditor RimaElkinsMcKinzey(Deceased) short standard 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage 20 short standard 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage Copyright(cid:1)2005byF.A.DavisCompany Copyright 1940, 1942, 1945, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1965,1968, 1969,1970,1973,1977,1981,1985,1989,1993,1997,and2001byF.A. Davis. Allrightsreserved.Thispublicationisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartof itmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, orotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA Lastdigitindicatesprintnumber 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NOTE: As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatmentsand drugtherapiesun- dergochanges.Theauthorandpublisherhavedoneeverythingpossible tomakeTaber’saccurate,uptodate,andinaccordwithacceptedstan- dards at the time ofpublication.Theauthor,editors,andpublisherare not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from appli- cationofthebook,andmakenowarranty,expressedorimplied,inregard tothecontentsofthebook.Thepracticesdescribedinthisbookmayor maynotmeetprofessionalstandardsofcareinthereader’scommunity; theymayormaynotapplytospecificclinicalsituationsandshouldnot berelieduponfortheirdirectapplicability;theymayhavebeenovertaken by newer or more recent recommendations or scientific evidence. The readerisalwaysadvisedtoresearchparticularclinicalquestionsfurther andtocheckproductinformation(packageinserts)forchangesandnew information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordereddrugs. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Taber’scyclopedicmedicaldictionary.—Ed.20,illustratedinfullcolor/ editor,DonaldVenes p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-8036-1207-9(index)—ISBN0-8036-1208-7(nonindex)—ISBN 0-8036-1209-5(deluxe) 1. Medicine—Dictionaries. I. Title: Cyclopedic medical dictionary. II.Venes,Donald,1952-III.Taber,ClarenceWilbur,1870-1968 [DNLM:1.Medicine—Dictionary—English.W13T113d2001] R121.T182001 610(cid:1).3—dc21 ISSN1065-1357 00-064688 ISBN0-8036-1208-7 ISBN0-8036-1207-9(indexed) ISBN0-8036-1209-5(deluxe) ISBN0-8036-1303-2(CD-ROM) short standard 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage DISTRIBUTORS United States of America LOGINBROTHERSCANADA(EAST) 291TradersBoulevard F.A.DAVISCOMPANY Mississauga,OntarioL4Z2E5 1915ArchSt. Philadelphia,PA19103 Europe Atlanta,Georgia MEDICUSMEDIA J.A.MAJORSCOMPANY “TheYawl”,FerryLane 4004TradeportBlvd. Shepperton,MiddlesexTW179LH P.O.Box82686,30354 England Lewisville,Texas Australia, Fiji, & New J.A.MAJORSCOMPANY Zealand P.O.Box819074 1401LakewayDrive,75057 ELSEVIERAUSTRALIA 30-52SmidmoreStreet LosAngeles,California MarrickvilleNSW2204 J.A.MAJORSCOMPANY Australia 1220WestWalnutSt. Compton,CA90220 Mexico & Central Philadelphia,Pennsylvania America RITTENHOUSEBOOK LIBRERIAINTERNACIONAL,S.A. DISTRIBUTORS,INC. 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DaryaGanj,NewDelhi110002 Botswana India EDUCATIONALBOOKSERVICE P/BagBR42 Middle East Gaborone,Botswana INTERNATIONALPUBLISHERS REPRESENTATIVESLIMITED 4MichalakisKaraolisSt. P.O.Box5731 Engomi,Nicosia Cyprus short standard vi 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage CONTENTS INTRODUCTIONTOEDITION20 ...................................... ix CONSULTINGEDITORSANDCONSULTANTS .................. xi TABER’SFEATUREFINDER............................................. xiii FEATURESANDTHEIRUSE ............................................ xv LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS ................................................ xix IllustrationSources ..................................................... xxviii LISTOFTABLES ............................................................. xxxi ABBREVIATIONSUSEDINTEXT ..................................... xxxv VOCABULARY ................................................................. 1 APPENDICES .................................................................. 2373 TableofContents ........................................................ 2373 IndextoAppendices ..................................................... 2376 Nutrition .................................................................... 2378 IntegrativeTherapies:ComplementaryandAlternative Medicine .................................................................... 2394 NormalReferenceLaboratoryValues ............................. 2431 Prefixes,Suffixes,andCombiningForms ........................ 2449 LatinandGreekNomenclature ..................................... 2454 MedicalAbbreviations .................................................. 2463 Symbols ..................................................................... 2470 UnitsofMeasurement(IncludingSIUnits) ..................... 2471 Phobias ...................................................................... 2477 ManualAlphabet......................................................... 2480 TheInterpreterinThreeLanguages .............................. 2481 MedicalEmergencies ................................................... 2496 short HealthProfessions....................................................... 2530 standard vii 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage HealthCareResourceOrganizations .............................. 2556 ProfessionalDesignationsandTitlesintheHealth Sciences ..................................................................... 2564 DocumentationSystemDefinitions ................................ 2567 StandardandUniversalPrecautions .............................. 2568 RecommendedImmunizationSchedules ......................... 2579 NursingAppendix ....................................................... 2584 short standard viii 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage INTRODUCTION TO EDITION 20 TheworldhaschangeddramaticallysincethelasteditionofTaber’swas published. Shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, sporesof anthraxwereweaponizedanddistributedthroughtheU.S.postalsystem, andseveralAmericansdied.Bioterrorismandbiologicalwarfare,which foryearshadbeenconsideredonlyatheoreticalthreattopublichealth, became an actual menace. Diseases such as anthrax, smallpox, and tu- laremialeaptontonewsheadlinesandintotheforefrontofsocialaware- ness.Thepotentialthreatofexposuretochemicalwarfareagents,such asricin,sarin,tabun,andtoradioactivedebris(‘dirtybombs’)suddenly becamemuchmorerealbothtosocietyatlarge,andtohealthcarepro- vidersintheU.S.andaroundtheglobe. Itissafetosaythatmanyprofessionalsinthehealthandlifesciences communities have both increased their preparedness and become more anxious about incident management. In late 2003, a newly identified, deadly respiratory contagion spread rapidly through Asia and the Far East.Iwasattendinganationalmedicalconferencewhenthisagentwas first identified; speakers at the conference worried out loud that 40 or even80millionmightdieoftheemerginginfection,SARS,withinayear, fareclipsingthemortalityrateofthedeadlyinfluenzapandemicof1918. SARSdidprovebothcontagiousanddeadly,butasaresultofstricttravel restrictionsandquarantinesthatwereputintoplace,theactualnumber ofaffectedpersonshas,asIwritethisintroduction,beenlimitedtoless than9,000,andthenumberofdeaths,lessthan800.Thesenumbersare significant,butthedevastationcouldhavebeenmuchworse. Remarkably we learned in the same year that WestNileVirushad injustafewshortyearsspreadacrosstheentirecontinentalU.S.bythe summer migration of infected crows and jays, and that soldiers,at war inAfghanistanandIraq,hadbeeninfectedbytegumentaryleishmaniasis andCrimean-CongoHemorrhagicFever. This new edition of Taber’s—the 20th—reflects much of what is knownaboutallthesemodernscourges,andmanyothers.Oureditorial staff, consultants, and correspondents have combed the medical litera- turefornewandupdatedinformationaboutpreviouslyunknownhealth threats,developingcures,themiraculousdiscoveriesoftheHumanGe- nomeProject,andmanyothernewapproachestohealthcare,itsdelivery, and its management. We have expanded and updated our coverage of alternative, complementary, and integrative medicine; bioethics; drugs and their use; evidenced-based care; informatics; nutrition; and patient safety.ThiseditionofTaber’shasnearly100newentriesdevotedtonew developmentsinradiologicaltechnology;andhundredsofcolumnsofnew short standard ix 44273 Tabers:CyclopedicMedicalDict.,20/e Davis MasterPage materialexplainingcontemporarycancercare,childcare,neurology,pal- liation,psychiatry,andwomen’shealthcare. In all we have added 2400 new terms to this edition of Taber’s;we have revised about 6000 others; added dozens of new tables and new images;reviewedeachandeveryappendix,revisingmostofthem,some quiteextensively;andwrittenaboutahundrednewpatientcaresections toaccompanyourcyclopedicentries. The writing, editing, and production of each edition of Taber’s is a taskthatcanonlybeperformedbyaskilled,dedicated,andpermanent team of professionals, working together and in parallel. I have had the privilege and honor of working with the F.A. Davis staff and want to mentioninparticularthemembersoftheTaber’sEditorialDepartment for this edition: Arthur Biderman, Evelyn Adler, Brigitte Fenton, and AlisonEnright. This edition is the first in the last thirty years without input from Clayton L. Thomas, M.D. Doctor Thomas served as Editor for Editions 12–18andasCoeditorforEdition19.HiscontributionstoTaber’shave beenenormousandcontinuetobecarriedforwardinEdition20. AllofuswhoworkedonTaber’shopethatyouwilluseitasaresource onwhichtobuildyourcareersandyourknowledge.Wealsohopeitwill helpyoutocareforyourselvesandothersintheseuncertaintimes. DonaldVenes,M.D. short standard x
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