Tabellen und Abbildungen

197 Pages·2009·5.7 MB·German

Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 1

Tabellen und Abbildungen

zum

Lexikon waldschädigende
Luftverunreinigungen und Klimawandel

(http://bfw.ac.at/rz/wlv.lexikon)

(1) Luftschadstoffe, Emissionen und Budgets
(2) Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen und -einträge
(3) Resistenzreihen
(4) Daten zum Wald (global und national)
(5) Klimawandel
(6) Verschiedenes

Zusammengestellt von Stefan Smidt

Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren
und Landschaft

Version: 1.4.2008

Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 3

Zehnerpotenzen und Masseeinheiten....................................................................................................7

(1) LUFTSCHADSTOFFE, EMISSIONEN UND BUDGETS..................................................................9
Luftschadstoffe (1)................................................................................................................................11
Luftschadstoffe (2)................................................................................................................................12
Anthropogene Quellen von Luftverunreinigungen................................................................................13
Natürliche Quellen von Luftverunreinigungen......................................................................................14
Emissionen (global) (1).........................................................................................................................15
Emissionen (global) (2).........................................................................................................................16
Emissionen (global) (3).........................................................................................................................17
Stoff-Flüsse allgemein (global) - Grafik................................................................................................18
P-, N-, S- und C-Flüsse (global) - Grafik..............................................................................................19
Emissionen, Exporte, Depositionen (Österreich).................................................................................20
Emissionen (Österreich, 1980-2006)....................................................................................................21
Emissionen Europa NOx (CLRTAP / NECD / UNFCCC).....................................................................22
Emissionen Europa NMVOC (CLRTAP / NECD / UNFCCC)...............................................................23
Emissionen Europa SO (CLRTAP / NECD / UNFCCC)......................................................................24
2
Emissionen Europa NH (CLRTAP / NECD / UNFCCC)......................................................................25
3
Aerosol-Emissionen (global)................................................................................................................26
Ammoniak-Emissionen (global)............................................................................................................27
Ammoniak-Budget (global) (1).............................................................................................................28
Ammoniak-Budget (global) (2).............................................................................................................29
Ammoniak-Emissionen (EMEP)...........................................................................................................30
Biomasseverbrennung, globale Emissionen (1)...................................................................................31
Biomasseverbrennung, globale Emissionen (2)...................................................................................32
Chlor-Budget (global)...........................................................................................................................33
Energiebilanz (global) - (Grafik)...........................................................................................................34
Kohlendioxid-Emissionen (global)........................................................................................................35
Kohlenmonoxid-Emissionen (global) (1)..............................................................................................36
Kohlenmonoxid-Emissionen (global) (2)..............................................................................................37
Kohlenmonoxid-Emissionen (global) (3)..............................................................................................38
Kohlenmonoxid-Budget (global) (1)......................................................................................................39
Kohlenmonoxid-Budget (global) (2)......................................................................................................40
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (1)............................................................................................................41
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (2)............................................................................................................42
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (3)............................................................................................................43
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (4)............................................................................................................44
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (5)............................................................................................................45
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (6) - Grafik................................................................................................46
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (7) - Grafik................................................................................................47
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (8) - Grafik................................................................................................48
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (9, 10) - Grafik..........................................................................................49
Kohlenstoff-Budget (global) (11) - Grafik..............................................................................................50
Kohlenstoffvorräte (global)...................................................................................................................51
Kohlenstoff-Budget (Österreich)...........................................................................................................52
Lachgas-Budget (global) (1).................................................................................................................53
Lachgas-Budget (global) (2).................................................................................................................54
Lachgas-Budget (global) (3).................................................................................................................55
Luftmassen (global)..............................................................................................................................56
Methan-Emissionen (global) (1)...........................................................................................................57
Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 4

Methan-Emissionen (global) (2)...........................................................................................................58
Methan-Emissionen (global) (3)...........................................................................................................59
Methan-Emissionen (global) (4)...........................................................................................................60
Methan-Budget (global) (1)...................................................................................................................61
Methan-Budget (global) (2)...................................................................................................................62
Methan-Budget (global) (3)...................................................................................................................63
Nichtmethankohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen (global) (1)......................................................................64
Nichtmethankohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen (global) (2)......................................................................65
Nichtmethankohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen (global) (3)......................................................................66
Nichtmethankohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen (global) (5)......................................................................67
NMHC-Emissionsraten (Wald).............................................................................................................68
Organische Säuren – Emissionen (global)...........................................................................................69
Ozon-Budget (troposphärisch).............................................................................................................70
Ozon-Gasphasenchemie (troposphärisch)...........................................................................................71
Phosphor-Budget (global) (1) - Grafik..................................................................................................72
Phosphor-Budget (global) (2) - Grafik..................................................................................................73
Quecksilber-Budget (global) - Grafik....................................................................................................74
Sauerstoffbudget (global).....................................................................................................................75
Schwefel-Emissionen (global) (1).........................................................................................................76
Schwefel-Emissionen (global) (2).........................................................................................................77
Schwefel-Budget (global) (1)................................................................................................................78
Schwefel-Budget (global) (2) - Grafik...................................................................................................79
Schwefel-Budget (global) (3) - Grafik...................................................................................................80
Schwefel-Budget (global) (4) - Grafik...................................................................................................81
Schwefel-Budget (global) (5) - Grafik...................................................................................................82
Schwefeldioxid-Emissionen (EMEP)....................................................................................................83
Schwermetall-Emissionen (global).......................................................................................................84
Stickstoffoxid-Emissionen (global) (1)..................................................................................................85
Stickstoffoxid-Emissionen (global) (2)..................................................................................................86
Stickstoffoxid-Emissionen (global) (3)..................................................................................................87
Stickstoffoxid-Emissionen (global) (4)..................................................................................................88
Stickstoff-Budget (global) (1)................................................................................................................89
Stickstoff-Budget (global) (2)................................................................................................................90
Stickstoff-Budget (global) (3)................................................................................................................91
Stickstoff-Budget (global) (4) - Grafik...................................................................................................92
Stickstoff-Budget (global) (5) - Grafik...................................................................................................93
Stickstoff-Budget (global) (6) - Grafik...................................................................................................94
Stickstoffeinträge (1).............................................................................................................................95
Stickstoffeinträge (2).............................................................................................................................96
Stickstoff- und Schwefeleinträge (1).....................................................................................................97
Stickstoff- und Schwefeleinträge (2).....................................................................................................98
Stickstoff- und Schwefeleinträge (Zitate)..............................................................................................99
Stickstoffoxid-Emissionen (EMEP).....................................................................................................100
VOC-Emissionsfaktoren.....................................................................................................................101
Vulkanausbrüche (1)..........................................................................................................................102
Vulkanausbrüche (2)..........................................................................................................................103
Wasser-Budget (global) (1)................................................................................................................104
Wasser-Budget (global) (2) - Grafik...................................................................................................105
Wasser-Budget (global) (3) - Grafik...................................................................................................106
Wasserstoff-Budget (global)...............................................................................................................107

(2) LUFTSCHADSTOFFKONZENTRATIONEN UND -EINTRÄGE...................................................109
Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen (Gase) (1)..........................................................................................111
Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen (Gase) (2)..........................................................................................112
Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 5

Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen (Gase) (3)..........................................................................................113
Spitzenkonzentrationen (Gase)..........................................................................................................114
Treibhausgase (1)..............................................................................................................................115
Treibhausgase (2)..............................................................................................................................116
Treibhausgase / Strahlungsantrieb - Grafik........................................................................................117
Spurengase und Global Change........................................................................................................118
Schwermetallkonzentrationen und -einträge......................................................................................119

(3) RESISTENZREIHEN (Bäume).....................................................................................................121
Resistenzvergleiche...........................................................................................................................123
Resistenzreihe (Ammoniak)...............................................................................................................124
Resistenzreihe (Chlorwasserstoff).....................................................................................................125
Resistenzreihe (Fluorwasserstoff)......................................................................................................126
Resistenzreihen (Ozon) (1)................................................................................................................127
Resistenzreihe (Ozon) (2)..................................................................................................................128
Resistenzreihe (Ozon) (3)..................................................................................................................129
Resistenzreihe (PAN).........................................................................................................................130
Resistenzreihe (Schwefeldioxid)........................................................................................................131
Resistenzreihen (Stickstoffoxide).......................................................................................................132

(4) DATEN ZUM WALD (global und national)....................................................................................133
Waldflächen (global) (1).....................................................................................................................135
Waldflächen (global) (2).....................................................................................................................136
Waldflächen (global) (3).....................................................................................................................137
Waldflächen (global) (4).....................................................................................................................138
Waldverteilung (global) - Grafik..........................................................................................................139
Waldfläche pro Kopf (global) - Grafik.................................................................................................140
Wald - C-Emissionen und -aufnahme (global) - Grafik......................................................................141
Waldfläche - Nettoänderungen (global) - Grafik.................................................................................142
Entwaldung - Grafik............................................................................................................................143
Wald (Europa)....................................................................................................................................144
Wald (Österreich) (1)..........................................................................................................................145
Wald (Österreich) (2)..........................................................................................................................146
Wald (Österreich) (3)..........................................................................................................................147

(5) KLIMAWANDEL............................................................................................................................149
Klimasystem.......................................................................................................................................151
Anthropogene Antriebe und Reaktionen beim Klimawandel..............................................................152
Komponenten des Strahlungsantriebs...............................................................................................153
Globale anthropogene Treibhausgasemissionen...............................................................................154
Globaler Primärenergieverbrauch nach Treibstofftypen....................................................................155
Globaler Pro-Kopf-Energieverbrauch nach Regionen........................................................................156
Trends der Konzentrationen von CO , CH und N O.........................................................................157
2 4 2
Trends der CO -Konzentrationen (Mauna Loa und Südpol)..............................................................158
2
Globale Temperaturzunahme 1860-2006..........................................................................................159
Aktuelle gemessene Temperaturänderungen 1979-2005..................................................................160
Globale Änderungen von Temperatur, Meeresspiegel und Schneedecke auf der nördlichen
Hemisphäre........................................................................................................................................161
Globale und alpine Niederschlagstrends............................................................................................162

(6) VERSCHIEDENES.......................................................................................................................163
Äquivalentleitfähigkeiten.....................................................................................................................165
Akute Schädigungen und Verwechslungsmöglichkeiten....................................................................166
Biochemische Pflanzenreaktionen.....................................................................................................167
Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 6

Bioindikatoren (1)...............................................................................................................................168
Bioindikatoren (2)...............................................................................................................................169
Biomasse - Elementgehalte, Heizwert...............................................................................................170
Biomasseverbrennung - Emissionen..................................................................................................171
Blattflächenindices..............................................................................................................................172
Chemische Formeln einiger Luftschadstoffe......................................................................................173
Chemische Formeln - Radikale..........................................................................................................174
Depositionsgeschwindigkeiten...........................................................................................................175
Elementgehalte in Pflanzen................................................................................................................176
Emissionsfaktoren (1).........................................................................................................................177
Emissionsfaktoren (2).........................................................................................................................178
Energieinhalt von Brennstoffen, Energie-aufwand und globale Energiereserven..............................179
Enzyme...............................................................................................................................................180
Erdatmosphäre, Änderungen im 20. Jahrhundert (1).........................................................................181
Erdatmosphäre, Änderungen im 20. Jahrhundert (2).........................................................................182
Erneuerbare Energie in Österreich.....................................................................................................183
Geruchsschwellenwerte.....................................................................................................................184
Immissionssymptome.........................................................................................................................184
KFZ-Abgasemissionen.......................................................................................................................186
Konzentrationseinheiten.....................................................................................................................187
Latente, chronische und akute Immissionsschädigungen..................................................................188
Lebensdauer von Gasen....................................................................................................................189
Meeresspiegelanstieg.........................................................................................................................190
Mittelungszeiten für Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen (Grenzwerte).....................................................191
Umrechnungen von Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen...........................................................................192
Umrechnungen von Molmasse <> Äquivalentmasse.........................................................................193
VDI-Richtlinien zur Bioindikation (1)...................................................................................................194
VDI-Richtlinien zur Bioindikation (2)...................................................................................................195
Veränderungen an Pflanzen infolge von Alterung..............................................................................196
Wirkungsbeeinflussende Faktoren.....................................................................................................197
Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 7

Zehnerpotenzen und Masseeinheiten

Zehnerpotenzen

100 = 1
101 = Deka, Zehn, da 10-1 = Zehntel, deci, d
102 = Hekto, Hundert, h 10-2 = Hundertstel, zenti, c
103 = Kilo, Tausend, k 10-3 = Tausendstel, milli, m
106 = Millionen, Mega, M 10-6 = Millionstel, mirko, µ
109 = Milliarden, Giga, G 10-9 = Milliardstel, nano, n
1012 = Billionen, Tera, T 10-12 = pico, p
1015 = Billiarden, Peta, P 10-15 = femto, f
1018 = Trillionen, Exa, E 10-18 = atto, a

Masse-Einheiten

103 g 1 kg
106 g 103 kg 1 Mg 1 t
109 g 106 kg 1 Gg 1 kt 1000 t
1012 g 109 kg 1 Tg 1 Mt 1 Mio. t
1015 g 1012 kg 1 Pg 1 Gt 1 Mrd. t

Smidt St. Lexikon waldschädigende Luftverunreinigungen - Tabellenanhang 9

(1) LUFTSCHADSTOFFE, EMISSIONEN UND BUDGETS

Grau unterlegt: Pools
Gelb unterlegt: Senken