TABC42 ABAP Programmiertechniken 1/2 TABC42 1/2

545 Pages·2002·1.78 MB·English

TABC42 ABAP Programmiertechniken 1/2

TABC42 1/2

R/3 System
Release 46B
30.05.2000
TABC42 ABAP Programming Techniques 1/2..................................................................................................................0-1
Copyright...............................................................................................................................................................................0-2
Section Overview............................................................................................................................................................0-4
Section: Techniques for List Creation and SAP Query.................................................................................................1-1
Content: Techniques for List Creation and SAP Query............................................................................................1-2
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................2-1
Course Objectives............................................................................................................................................................2-2
Course Overview Diagram............................................................................................................................................2-3
Business Scenario............................................................................................................................................................2-4
Demonstrations, Copy Templates, and Solutions......................................................................................................2-5
Exercises and Units.........................................................................................................................................................2-6
QuickViewer.........................................................................................................................................................................3-1
QuickViewer: Principle..................................................................................................................................................3-2
QuickViewer: Initial Access..........................................................................................................................................3-3
Creating a QuickView....................................................................................................................................................3-4
Join Definition: Graphical..............................................................................................................................................3-5
Basis Mode: Principle Structure ...................................................................................................................................3-6
Structuring a QuickView in the Basis Mode..............................................................................................................3-7
Using the QuickView......................................................................................................................................................3-8
Summary...........................................................................................................................................................................3-9
SAP Query - Creating Lists................................................................................................................................................4-1
SAP Query - Creating Lists...........................................................................................................................................4-2
Overview: Programs and Query....................................................................................................................................4-3
Organization of Query....................................................................................................................................................4-4
Creating a Query..............................................................................................................................................................4-5
SAP Query - Creating Lists...........................................................................................................................................4-6
Defining a Query.............................................................................................................................................................4-7
Selecting the Work Area and Functional Area...........................................................................................................4-8
Creating Local Fields......................................................................................................................................................4-9
Assigning Short Descriptions......................................................................................................................................4-10
Defining Local Fields...................................................................................................................................................4-11
Statistics..........................................................................................................................................................................4-12
Ranked List.....................................................................................................................................................................4-13
Basic List: Layout Mode..............................................................................................................................................4-14
Designing a Basic List: Example................................................................................................................................4-15
Basic List: Control Level Processing.........................................................................................................................4-16
Interactive Functions.....................................................................................................................................................4-17
Saving Lists....................................................................................................................................................................4-18
Comparison: SAP Query - QuickView......................................................................................................................4-19
Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................4-20
Solutions..........................................................................................................................................................................4-23
Outputting Data in Lists......................................................................................................................................................5-1
Generating a List.............................................................................................................................................................5-2
Setting the List Format...................................................................................................................................................5-3
Page and Column Headers.............................................................................................................................................5-4
Defining Line and Field Formats..................................................................................................................................5-5
WRITE Statement: General Syntax.............................................................................................................................5-6
Outputting Icons, Symbols, and Lines.........................................................................................................................5-7
Scrolling in Lists and Lead Columns...........................................................................................................................5-8
Additional Statements for Page Layout.......................................................................................................................5-9
Multilingual List Elements..........................................................................................................................................5-10
System Fields in List Creation....................................................................................................................................5-11
Standard List Functions................................................................................................................................................5-12
Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................5-13
Exercises.........................................................................................................................................................................5-14
Solutions..........................................................................................................................................................................5-17
Selection Screen...................................................................................................................................................................6-1
Selection Screen: Overview..........................................................................................................................................6-2
Declaring Fields with PARAMETERS.......................................................................................................................6-3
Selections with SELECT-OPTIONS...........................................................................................................................6-4
Selection Options and Multiple Selections.................................................................................................................6-5
Syntax of the SELECT-OPTIONS Statement............................................................................................................6-6
Designing the Selection Screen I..................................................................................................................................6-7
Designing the Selection Screen II.................................................................................................................................6-8
Initializing the Selection Screen...................................................................................................................................6-9
Input Checks: AT SELECTION-SCREEN...............................................................................................................6-10
CALL SELECTION-SCREEN...................................................................................................................................6-11
Selection Screen: Variants I.........................................................................................................................................6-12
Selection Screen: Variants II.......................................................................................................................................6-13
Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................6-14
Exercises.........................................................................................................................................................................6-15
Solutions..........................................................................................................................................................................6-17
Logical Database..................................................................................................................................................................7-1
Generating Lists...............................................................................................................................................................7-2
Advantages of a Logical Database...............................................................................................................................7-3
Logical Database: Overview.........................................................................................................................................7-4
Logical Database: F1S Nodes.......................................................................................................................................7-5
Sample Program for a Logical Database.....................................................................................................................7-6
LDB Sub-Objects: Structure..........................................................................................................................................7-7
Events in Logical Databases..........................................................................................................................................7-8
Program Flow and Termination Alternatives.............................................................................................................7-9
LDB Sub-Objects: Selections......................................................................................................................................7-10
Selection Screen for the Logical Database................................................................................................................7-11
Logical Database: Dynamic Selections....................................................................................................................7-12
LDB Sub-Objects: Database Programs......................................................................................................................7-13
Interaction: LDB and Program....................................................................................................................................7-14
Checking Internal Program Selections.......................................................................................................................7-15
Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................7-16
Exercises.........................................................................................................................................................................7-17
Solutions..........................................................................................................................................................................7-19
Programming Data Retrieval..............................................................................................................................................8-1
Data Retrieval: Internal..................................................................................................................................................8-2
Reading Multiple Database Tables...............................................................................................................................8-3
Reading Multiple Database Tables I............................................................................................................................8-4
Reading Multiple Database Tables IIa.........................................................................................................................8-5
Reading Multiple Database Tables IIb........................................................................................................................8-6
Reading Multiple Database Tables III.........................................................................................................................8-7
Reading Multiple Database Tables IV.........................................................................................................................8-8
Summary...........................................................................................................................................................................8-9
Exercises.........................................................................................................................................................................8-10
Solutions..........................................................................................................................................................................8-11
SAP Query - Administration..............................................................................................................................................9-1
ABAP Query - Administration......................................................................................................................................9-2
Maintaining User Groups...............................................................................................................................................9-3
Authorizations and ABAP Query.................................................................................................................................9-4
ABAP Query - Administration......................................................................................................................................9-5
Defining Functional Areas.............................................................................................................................................9-6
Overview: Creating Functional Areas..........................................................................................................................9-7
Defining Functional Areas: Example...........................................................................................................................9-8
Defining Functional Areas.............................................................................................................................................9-9
Allocating Fields............................................................................................................................................................9-10
Additional Information.................................................................................................................................................9-11
Allocating Additional Tables ......................................................................................................................................9-12
Allocating Additional Fields.......................................................................................................................................9-13
Selection Options...........................................................................................................................................................9-14
Allocating ABAP Statements......................................................................................................................................9-15
Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................9-16
Exercises.........................................................................................................................................................................9-17
Data Formatting and Control Level Processing............................................................................................................10-1
Control Level Processing.............................................................................................................................................10-2
Creating an Internal Table............................................................................................................................................10-3
Filling an Internal Table...............................................................................................................................................10-4
Sorting and Editing an Internal Table........................................................................................................................10-5
Control Level Processing for Internal Tables...........................................................................................................10-6
Control Level Processing Schema for Internal Tables............................................................................................10-7
Summary.........................................................................................................................................................................10-8
Exercises.........................................................................................................................................................................10-9
Solutions........................................................................................................................................................................10-13
Saving Lists and Background Processing......................................................................................................................11-1
Saving Lists and Background Processing.................................................................................................................11-2
Options for Saving Lists...............................................................................................................................................11-3
Saving Lists in SAPoffice............................................................................................................................................11-4
Saving Lists as PC Files...............................................................................................................................................11-5
Saved Lists in the Area Menu.....................................................................................................................................11-6
Saving Lists and Background Processing.................................................................................................................11-7
List Printing Options.....................................................................................................................................................11-8
Print Parameters.............................................................................................................................................................11-9
Program-Controlled Printing.....................................................................................................................................11-10
Printing with GET_PRINT_PARAMETERS.........................................................................................................11-11
GET_PRINT_PARAMETERS: Applications........................................................................................................11-12
Saving Lists and Background Processing...............................................................................................................11-13
The Phases of Background Processing....................................................................................................................11-14
Defining Steps..............................................................................................................................................................11-15
Determining the Start Date and Releasing the Job................................................................................................11-16
Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................11-17
Optional Exercises.......................................................................................................................................................11-18
Solutions........................................................................................................................................................................11-19
ALV Grid Control..............................................................................................................................................................12-1
ALV Grid Control.........................................................................................................................................................12-2
Controls:Technical Background I...............................................................................................................................12-3
Controls:Technical Background II.............................................................................................................................12-4
ALV Example and Standard Functions.....................................................................................................................12-5
ALV Grid Control: Principle.......................................................................................................................................12-6
Implementing the Control: Screen.............................................................................................................................12-7
Implementation in the Program...................................................................................................................................12-8
Generating and Linking Objects.................................................................................................................................12-9
Program Flow...............................................................................................................................................................12-10
Displaying the Data in the Control...........................................................................................................................12-11
ALV Grid Control.......................................................................................................................................................12-12
Field catalog.................................................................................................................................................................12-13
Selected Fields in the Field Catalog.........................................................................................................................12-14
Filling and Passing On the Field Catalog................................................................................................................12-15
Saving Display Variants.............................................................................................................................................12-16
Filling and Passing On the Layout Structure..........................................................................................................12-17
Interface to Display Method......................................................................................................................................12-18
ALV Grid Control.......................................................................................................................................................12-19
Outlook: Handling Events I.......................................................................................................................................12-20
Outlook: Handling Events II......................................................................................................................................12-21
Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................12-22
Appendix.............................................................................................................................................................................13-1
Generating an Extract: Steps.......................................................................................................................................13-2
Example: Generating an Extract.................................................................................................................................13-3
Sorting and Processing an Extract..............................................................................................................................13-4
Example: Control Level Processing...........................................................................................................................13-5
Schema of Control Level Processing for Extracts...................................................................................................13-6
Comparing Internal Tables and Extracts...................................................................................................................13-7
Section: Transaction Programming.................................................................................................................................14-1
Content: Transaction Programming...........................................................................................................................14-2
Course Overview................................................................................................................................................................15-1
Course Goals..................................................................................................................................................................15-2
User Dialogs...................................................................................................................................................................15-3
Course Overview Diagram: BC410...........................................................................................................................15-4
Main Business Scenario...............................................................................................................................................15-5
Data Model.....................................................................................................................................................................15-6
Implementation in the ABAP Dictionary..................................................................................................................15-7
ABAP Program Types..................................................................................................................................................15-8
Program Organization...................................................................................................................................................15-9
Basics for Interactive Lists...............................................................................................................................................16-1
Overview Diagram........................................................................................................................................................16-2
Creating Lists: Overview............................................................................................................................................16-3
Selection Screen.............................................................................................................................................................16-4
Entering Value Ranges.................................................................................................................................................16-5
Defining and Calling Selection Screens....................................................................................................................16-6
Events: Selection Screen..............................................................................................................................................16-7
Events: Executable Program / Basic List..................................................................................................................16-8
User Dialogs on Lists....................................................................................................................................................16-9
Events: Detail List.......................................................................................................................................................16-10
Potential Problems.......................................................................................................................................................16-11
Placing Global Data in the Hide Area......................................................................................................................16-12
Retrieving Data From the Hide Area.......................................................................................................................16-13
Valid Line Selection....................................................................................................................................................16-14
Interactive Lists: Unit Summary...............................................................................................................................16-15
Basics for Interactive Lists: Exercises.....................................................................................................................16-16
Basics for Interactive Lists: Solutions.....................................................................................................................16-18
The Program Interface.......................................................................................................................................................17-1
Overview Diagram........................................................................................................................................................17-2
User Interfaces: Overview...........................................................................................................................................17-3
Overview: The Screen..................................................................................................................................................17-4
GUI Title.........................................................................................................................................................................17-5
Status: Technical View (1)...........................................................................................................................................17-6
Status: Technical View (2)...........................................................................................................................................17-7
Functions.........................................................................................................................................................................17-8
Function Key Settings...................................................................................................................................................17-9
Menus and Menu Bars................................................................................................................................................17-10
User Interfaces: Creating a GUI status....................................................................................................................17-11
Creating a GUI status..................................................................................................................................................17-12
Adjusting Statuses.......................................................................................................................................................17-13
Including Existing Elements......................................................................................................................................17-14
Creating a GUI Status: Function Key Settings.......................................................................................................17-15
Standard Toolbar: Automatic Assignments............................................................................................................17-16
Creating a GUI Status: Application Toolbar..........................................................................................................17-17
Creating a GUI Status: Menu Bar.............................................................................................................................17-18
User Interfaces: Using a GUI status.........................................................................................................................17-19
Activating Title and Status.........................................................................................................................................17-20
Event: AT USER-COMMAND................................................................................................................................17-21
User Interfaces: Unit Summary.................................................................................................................................17-22
The Program Interface: Exercises.............................................................................................................................17-23
The Program Interface: Solutions.............................................................................................................................17-25
Interactive List Techniques..............................................................................................................................................18-1
Overview Diagram........................................................................................................................................................18-2
Flow Control in Details Lists......................................................................................................................................18-3
Selecting Multiple Lines..............................................................................................................................................18-4
Selecting Multiple Lines..............................................................................................................................................18-5
Reading From the List Buffer.....................................................................................................................................18-6
Changing the List Buffer..............................................................................................................................................18-7
Sorting lists.....................................................................................................................................................................18-8
Sorting lists.....................................................................................................................................................................18-9
Finding Out the Sort Field .........................................................................................................................................18-10
Sorting Lists: Program................................................................................................................................................18-11
Controlling the List Sequence and Messages.........................................................................................................18-12
List Navigation.............................................................................................................................................................18-13
Messages in Interactive Lists.....................................................................................................................................18-14
Topic Summary............................................................................................................................................................18-15
Interactive List Techniques: Exercises....................................................................................................................18-16
Interactive List Techniques: Solutions.....................................................................................................................18-18
Introduction to Screen Programming..............................................................................................................................19-1
Overview Diagram........................................................................................................................................................19-2
Screen Programming: Principles.................................................................................................................................19-3
Strengths of Screens......................................................................................................................................................19-4
Screens in Dialog Programs.........................................................................................................................................19-5
Screen Programs: Screen Objects..............................................................................................................................19-6
Screen Objects................................................................................................................................................................19-7
General Attributes.........................................................................................................................................................19-8
Attributes of Screen Objects (Key)............................................................................................................................19-9
Dynamically Modifiable Static Attributes..............................................................................................................19-10
Screen Programs: Screen Modifications................................................................................................................19-11
The System Table SCREEN......................................................................................................................................19-12
Modifying Attributes Dynamically: Example........................................................................................................19-13
Object Attributes: Modification Groups..................................................................................................................19-14
Modifying Attributes Dynamically: Program.........................................................................................................19-15
Screen Programs: Screen Processing......................................................................................................................19-16
Screens...........................................................................................................................................................................19-17
Screen: Definition and Use........................................................................................................................................19-18
Screen: Attributes........................................................................................................................................................19-19
Creating Screen............................................................................................................................................................19-20
Creating a Screen: Screen Attributes.......................................................................................................................19-21
Creating a Screen: Element List:..............................................................................................................................19-22
Creating a Screen: Layout..........................................................................................................................................19-23
Creating a Screen: Flow Logic..................................................................................................................................19-24
Communication: Screen - ABAP Program.............................................................................................................19-25
Static Screen Sequence...............................................................................................................................................19-26
Setting the Next Screen Dynamically......................................................................................................................19-27
Inserting a Sequence of Screens Dynamically .......................................................................................................19-28
Calling a Dialog Box Dynamically ..........................................................................................................................19-29
Window Coordinates..................................................................................................................................................19-30
Setting the Cursor Position Dynamically................................................................................................................19-31
Screen Programs: GUI Status for Screens.............................................................................................................19-32
GUI Status for Screens...............................................................................................................................................19-33
Display Standards........................................................................................................................................................19-34
Processing the Function Code...................................................................................................................................19-35
Screen Programming: Summary.............................................................................................................................19-36
Introduction to Screen Programming: Exercises....................................................................................................19-37
Introduction to Screen Programming: Solutions....................................................................................................19-39
Screen Elements for Output.............................................................................................................................................20-1
Overview Diagram........................................................................................................................................................20-2
Output Elements: Text Fields.....................................................................................................................................20-3
Text Fields......................................................................................................................................................................20-4
Text Field: Attributes....................................................................................................................................................20-5
Creating Text Fields......................................................................................................................................................20-6
Hiding a Text Field Dynamically ...............................................................................................................................20-7
Dynamically Modifiable Attributes: Text Field.......................................................................................................20-8
Dynamic Screen Modifications: Program.................................................................................................................20-9
Output Elements: Status Icons.................................................................................................................................20-10
Status Icons...................................................................................................................................................................20-11
Status Icons: Attributes...............................................................................................................................................20-12
Creating Status Icons..................................................................................................................................................20-13
Filling a Status Icon....................................................................................................................................................20-14
Output Elements: Group Boxes...............................................................................................................................20-15
Group Boxes.................................................................................................................................................................20-16
Group Box: Attributes................................................................................................................................................20-17
Creating Group Boxes................................................................................................................................................20-18
Output Elements: Unit Summary.............................................................................................................................20-19
Screen Elements for Input/Output...................................................................................................................................21-1
Overview Diagram........................................................................................................................................................21-2
Input/Output Elements: Input/Output Fields............................................................................................................21-3
Input/Output Fields.......................................................................................................................................................21-4
Input/Output Fields: Attributes...................................................................................................................................21-5
Creating Input/Output Fields.......................................................................................................................................21-6
Default Values in SAP Memory.................................................................................................................................21-7
Defining SET/GET Parameter Attributes..................................................................................................................21-8
Automatic Field Input Checks.....................................................................................................................................21-9
Field Input Checks with Error Dialog......................................................................................................................21-10
Checking Groups of Fields........................................................................................................................................21-11
Controlling Error Dialogs..........................................................................................................................................21-12
Dialog Message Categories.......................................................................................................................................21-13
The FIELD Statement and Data Transport.............................................................................................................21-14
Conditional Module Calls ..........................................................................................................................................21-15
Execution on Input......................................................................................................................................................21-16
Execution on Change..................................................................................................................................................21-17
Avoiding the Field Input Checks..............................................................................................................................21-18
Navigation - Targets....................................................................................................................................................21-19
Navigation - Dialogs...................................................................................................................................................21-20
Input/Output Elements: Input Help..........................................................................................................................21-21
Input Help.....................................................................................................................................................................21-22
Dropdown List Boxes.................................................................................................................................................21-23
Requirements of F4 Help...........................................................................................................................................21-24
ABAP Dictionary Object: Search Help...................................................................................................................21-25
Using Search Helps.....................................................................................................................................................21-26
Search Help Assignment in ABAP Dictionary ......................................................................................................21-27
Overview: Input Help Mechanisms..........................................................................................................................21-28
Input/Output Elements: Checkboxes and Radio Button Groups........................................................................21-29
Checkboxes and Radio Button Groups....................................................................................................................21-30
Radio Buttons and Checkboxes: Attributes............................................................................................................21-31
Creating a Checkbox...................................................................................................................................................21-32
Creating a Radio Button Group.................................................................................................................................21-33
Input/Output Elements: Pushbuttons......................................................................................................................21-34
Pushbuttons...................................................................................................................................................................21-35
Pushbuttons: Attributes..............................................................................................................................................21-36
Creating Pushbuttons..................................................................................................................................................21-37
Pushbutton Processing................................................................................................................................................21-38
Input/Output Objects: Summary..............................................................................................................................21-39
Screen Elements for Input/Output: Exercises.........................................................................................................21-40
Screen Elements for Input/Output: Solutions.........................................................................................................21-43
Screen Elements: Subscreens and Tabstrip Controls...................................................................................................22-1
Overview Diagram VIII...............................................................................................................................................22-2
Subscreen........................................................................................................................................................................22-3
Subscreen (1)..................................................................................................................................................................22-4
Subscreen (2)..................................................................................................................................................................22-5
Subscreen Area: Attributes..........................................................................................................................................22-6
Creating a Subscreen Area...........................................................................................................................................22-7
Calling a Subscreen.......................................................................................................................................................22-8
Subscreens From External Programs .........................................................................................................................22-9
Subscreens: Encapsulation in Function Groups.....................................................................................................22-10
Subscreens in Function Groups: Call Sequence.....................................................................................................22-11
Subscreens in Function Groups: Data Transport...................................................................................................22-12
Tabstrip Control...........................................................................................................................................................22-13
Screen Element: Tabstrip Control............................................................................................................................22-14
Tabstrip Elements........................................................................................................................................................22-15
Tab Page: Technical View.........................................................................................................................................22-16
Tabstrip Control: Attributes.......................................................................................................................................22-17
Creating a Tabstrip Control.......................................................................................................................................22-18
Creating a Tabstrip Control: Tabstrip Area............................................................................................................22-19
Creating a Tabstrip Control: Tab Title.....................................................................................................................22-20
Creating a Tabstrip Control: Tabstrip Subscreens.................................................................................................22-21
Scrolling Locally in a Tabstrip Control...................................................................................................................22-22
Scrolling Locally in a Tabstrip Control: Coding....................................................................................................22-23
Scrolling in Tabstrip Controls...................................................................................................................................22-24
Scrolling in Tabstrip Controls: Coding....................................................................................................................22-25
Tabstrip Control on the Selection Screen................................................................................................................22-26
Selection Screens as Subscreens...............................................................................................................................22-27
Defining A Tabstrip Control on the Selection Screen...........................................................................................22-28
Selection Screen as a Subscreen on the Screen......................................................................................................22-29
Subscreen and Tabstrip Control: Unit Summary..................................................................................................22-30
Subscreen and Tabstrip Control: Exercises.............................................................................................................22-31
Subscreen and Tabstrip Control: Solutions.............................................................................................................22-34
Screen Element: Table Controls......................................................................................................................................23-1