t½kdif;arysdK - Myanmar Love Story ၿမန္မာ

15 Pages·2007·0.16 MB·English

t½kdif;arysdK

(1)

“arh tem;ukd wkd;rvmeJYaemf”
“tkd . . . arhukdvSvGef;vkdY Munfhrdwmygar&,f . . . wu,fawmh aru odyfvSwmyJ ar&,f . . .”

atmifoef;rSm tqD0if;aeaom rsufESmBuD;jzifh a&SUvnf;rwkd;? aemufukdvnf; rqkwfcsifESifh
tHukdBudwfí vufoD;rsm;ukd wif;MuyfpGm qkyfíxm;onf/ rsufvkH;awGrSmvnf;
rD;xGufawmhrnfhtvm; xifíae&avonf/
atmifoef;\ a&SUwGif vkHrysdKwpfOD;rSm xrD&ifvQm;jzifh wpfukd,fvkH; a&rsm; &TJ&JTpkdae&mu
&SufpEdk;rsufESmav;ESifh rsufarSmifav;ukwfvkdufonf/ NyD;vQif rsufckH;av;ukd 0ifhvkdufjyefonf/
olr\ vufuav;ESpfzufukd rkdY0if;aom &ifay:wGif ,Sufí wifxm;um x&HESifh ukd,fvkH;av;ukd
uyfvkdufonf/
0ifvkvk aea&mifvJhvhJonf a&csdK;cef;av;ukd qvkdufjzifh zrf;xkd;xm;ouJhokdY
a&Ta&mif0if;vJhaeonf/ ar\ udk,fvkH;armufarmuf toG,ft0kdufrsm;jzifh 0if;0if;0g0gav;rSm
0if;vkvkaea&mifjzifh yemoifhum wvSyfvSyfvufaejyefonf/
]]a[haumif atmifoef; oGm;uGm iga&csdK;vkdY rNyD;ao;bl;}}
rdkYaeaom yg;azmif;azmif;av;rsm;ukd ydefvkdufcg ESKwfcrf;vTm;eSpfcsyfukd pdypfvkduf&if; ajymvdkuf\/
vufaeavonfh rJeufaom rsufvkH; ywÅjrm; Mu,fESpfyGifhonf ab;ukd a&TUvsm;um &ifrkdYrkdYonf
a&SUokdY ckefwufvmonf[k xif&avonf/
xkdtcgrSyif 0if;vJhaom &ifom;ESpfvTmukdom &SmazGMunfhwwfaom atmifoef;\rsufvkH;rsm;onf
ykdí jyL;us,fvmoa,mif xif&onf/ xkdonfukd owdxm;rdaom vkHrysdKuvnf; olr\
&ifbwfay:odkU vufav;,Sufí wifxm;&muyif ukd,fukd atmifoef;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif&mu
cg;apmif;apmif;av;vnfhvkdufavonf/
olr\ &ifom;rkdYrkdYrsm;qDrS atmifoef;\ rsufvkH;rsm;onf olr\ cg;qDokdY edrfhí oGm;onfukd
jrifvkduf&rS olr rSm;oGm;NyDukd odvkduf&onf/
a&rsm;pkd&TJí tom;jzifh wpfom;wnf;uyfí aeaom &ifvQm;xm;onfh cyfyg;yg; wpfywfEGrf;
xrDav;onf olr\ aemufausmzufwGif tacguftwGefYr&Sd jyefYjyL;í aeonf/ cg;qpfrSonf
atmufzufqDokdY av;ukdif;ozG,f rkdYarmufum auG;qif;oGm;awm azgif;rkdYaeonfh
tom;qkdifwkdYonf
cg;qpfav;\ aemufzufqDokdY vufav;vkH;omomrQyif azgif;rkdYí xGufaeonf/ NyD;awmh
ab;zufokdYvnf; um;wif;í jzpfaeum cyfpefYpefYav;axmufxm;aom
aygifom;BuD;wpfzufrSmvnf; ab;rS awGUae&aom rsufESmjyifonfyif a,usFm;xGmqkdifru
&Sdaeacsonf/
owdvufvGwfjzpfum oGm;&ovkdjzifh atmifoef;onf olr&Sd&m a&SuzufqDokdY
ajcwpfvSrf;wkd;vkdufavonf/
]]a[h . . . rvmeJYav. . . av}}
txdwfwvefYajym&if;u olronf ajcwHwpfzuf aemufokdYqkwfvkdufaomtcgwGifawmh
aphxm;aom aygifvkH;BuD;ESpfckonf NzJ[ay;vkdufovkd jzpfoGm;&um aygif;&if;ESpfckMum;rS
vufckyfwpfazgifeD;yg;rQ ckH;armufarmuft&mav;ukd wpfom;wnf;uyfaeaom
xrDyg;av;atmufrS azgufxGuf&ef ½kH;uefaeoa,mif awGUjrifvkduf&avonf/

atmifoef;onf tHwpfcsuf Budwfvkduf&if;u ]][if;}} ueJ oufjyif;wpfcsufcsvkdufavonf/
]]aqm&D;yJ . . ar}} [kajymvkduf&if;u aemufokdYvSnfvQuf abmif;bDtdwfxJrS pD;u&ufwpfvdyfukd
xkwfum aomufvkdufavonf/
]]rif; bmvkdYroGm;ao;wmvJuG,f atmifoef;}}
]]arhukd ajymp&m&SdvkdYav? 'DaeY qef;a';r[kwfvm; . .}}
]][kwfw,favuG,f . . bmjzpfovJ? 'gyJaemf pum;r&SnfeJY ig a&eJYyufvkdufvkdY rif;½Sld;awG
ysufoGm;OD;r,f odvm; . . uJuGm jrefjrefajymprf;yg}}
]]ukd,f rjyefEkdifao;bl;ar? 'DaeY a&mhcf[ufqefygwJhum; oGm;MunfhrvkdY? 'gaMumifh arhukd
vmac:wmaygh}}
]]ig'DaeY pmusuf&OD;r,fuG? b,frS rvkdufEkdifbl; . . }}
]]aruvJuGm? ukd,fu tyifyef;cHNyD; vmac:&ao;w,f rvkdufcsifvJaeayghuGm}}
atmifoef;onf aqmifhatmifhum xGufoGm;avonf/ aronf a&csdK;cef;x&Hukd ukdifum
rsufckH;av;rsm;ukdyifhvsuf olr\ ESKwfcrf;axmifhrS tNyKH;av;wpfcsuf yGifhoGm;&avonf/ NyD;rS
[if;ueJ oufjyif;av;rSKwfum
]]aumifav;uawmh ZGwfBuD;bJ? 'gaMumifhrkdYvJ pmar;yGJuswm}} [kcyfwkd;wdk;av;
ajymvkdufavonf/

ar\ emrnftjynfhtpkHrSm arvJhyifjzpfonf/ urm&GwfokdY a&mufonf;rSm rMumao;acs/ awmwGif
qlylonfhtcsdefrSpNyD; NrdKU odkY ajymif;umvmcJhjcif; jzpfavonf/
arvJh\ tvSowif;rSmvnf; ausmif;om;avmuwGif ysHESHUí aeavonf/ rESpfu (7)wef;ukd
aru xdyfqkH;rSatmifcJhNyD; ,ck wuúokdvf0ifwef;ukd jzwfvrf;rS wufaeavonf/ olrwGif
&nf&G,fcsufuav;[lí bmrSr&Sdao;? okdYwap aumvdyfausmif;ESifh eD;aeaomaMumifh aumvdyfukd
a&mufcsifonfrSm tlvIdufonf;vIdufyifjzpfonf/
arvJh\ rdcifBuD;rSm rkqkd;rwpfOD;jzpfum txufatmuf ukefrsm;ESifh rMumcP oGm;aeojzifh
,if;aMumifhyifvQif arvJhukd apmifha&Smuf&eftwGuf tpfrjzpfavaom tysdKBuD;rwifpdefukd
ac:xm;&avonf/
rwifpdefonf odrfBuD;aps;wGif txnfa&mif;um ta':jzpfolESifh aexkdifvsuf&Sdonf/ arvJhESifh
taz:&atmif ac:xm;ojzifhom vmíae&vifhupm; rwifpdefonf odyfNyD;awmh rdcifjzpfolESifh
aecsifvSonfawmh r&SdvSygay/
rSefavonf/ arvJhESifh rwifpdefwkdY\tarrSm toufBuD;vmavav aphpyfaocsmavjzpfonf/
reufrkd;vif;vQif b,fae&m b,fokdY csdKU,Gif;aeonfukd nTefjyum qlylwwfonf/ xkdifae&ifrJh
wjypfawmufawmuf ajymwwfonf/ ,if;aMumifhyifvQif om;orD;rsm;u olwkdYararESifh
tap;ruyfMuacs? xkdokdUrdcifBuD;u *½kPmjzifh qlylonfukdyif ZDZmaMumifonf[k qkdavonf/
aronf a&rkd;csdK; tvSjyifí t0wftpm;vJum tjyifokdYxGufvmaomtcg tpfrjzpfol
rwifpdefonf owif;pmwpfapmifukd vSefíMunfhaeavonf/
]]rr 'DrSmMunfhygOD;}}
arvJhu tpfrjzpfol rwifpdef\ a&SUwGif ukd,fuav;ukd vSnfhí jyavonf/ rwifpdefu
owif;pmukd Munfhae&mu olYnDrtoHMum;&ojzifh acgif;armhum Munfhvkdufavonf/
]]nnf; 'DygwdwfvkHcsnfu odyfaumif;vScsnfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f rr&JU tqifuav;ua&m rqef;bl;vm;[if &Spfq,fawmif ay;&wm rr&JU}}
]]b,fol vufaqmifay;wmvJ}}
]]ukdcifatmifav rr oluawmhvmwdkif; 0,fvmwmcsnf;bJ}}
arvJhu acgif;&if;jyLwif;aygufteD; wkdifwGifuyfxm;onfh bJOykHt0kdif; rSefxJwGif
ajczsm;av;axmufum aumhaumhav;oGm;&if; tvSMunfhvkdufonf/ olraemufausmwGif
xkdifaeaom rwifpdefrSm atmufESKwfcrf;av; rodrom wGefYoGm;avonf/
]]ukdcifatmifwkdYoabFm puFmylu tjyefrSm 0,fvmwm r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfwmaygh rr&JU? 'gu Armjynfaps; ajym&wm? [kdrSmawmif tenf;qkH;
ig;q,favmufay;&w,fwJh}}
arvJhu rwifpdef\rsufESmukd rMunfhyJ olr\qH,Ofuav;rsm;ukd rSefESifh uyfvsuf&Sdaom
pifuav;ay:rS vdyfcGHbD;uav;udk ,lum olr\qH,Ofav;rsm;ukd cGJí ezl;jyifay:csvkdufonf/
]][D[d . . tJ'g pH&Sm;wifzuf&Sifaygh rr}}
rwifpdefonf olr\ nDrukd iSufrav;vkd ysHaeonf[k xifaeavonf/ ,if;aMumifhyif
arvJhqDokdY rMunfhawmhyJ owif;pmukdom ikHYMunfhaeavawmhonf/

]]'gxuf nnf;qDukd aumifav;vmoGm;w,f [kwfvm; 'Daumifav;[m bmrS tvkdufrodbl;}}
]][kwfw,f rr&JU olu 'DaeYn &kyf&SifjyrvkdYwJh aru pmusuf&OD;r,fajymvkdY pdwfqkd;NyD;
xGufoGm;w,f}}
]]aumifav;Munfh&wm &J&Jwif;wif;av;aemf rdvJh owdxm;tkH;}}
]]tkd rruvJ ukd,feJY bmqkdifwmrSwfvkdY}}
jzwfueJ vSnfhumajymvkdufaom arvJh\ yg;jyifav;rSm eDa&mifoef;oGm;onfukd rdef;rcsif;jzpfol
tpfr rwifpdefu awGUjrifvkduf&avonf/ ajymNyD;onfESifh arvJhonf tpfrjzpfolESifh
pum;jzwfum tdrftwGif;bufokdY vSnfhí 0ifoGm;cJhavawmhonf/ nDrjzpfolwpfa,muf olr\
rsufpda&SUrS xGufoGm;aomtcgwGifrS rwifpdefonf nDrjzpfol pef;xí aeonfukd MunfEl;pGmjzifh
awG;vkdufrdum NAHK;ueJyif olr\ pdwfrsm;onf ukdbrlqkdaom olwpfa,mufukd owd&vkduf&mrS
wqifh twdwfqDokdY vGifhysHoGm;&avonf/
__________________________________________

(2)

jrpfwkdYonf ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef;&Sdygrl om,maom ½Icif;wkdYukd jzpfvmEkdifvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/
awmifwkdYonfvnf; tedrfhtjrifhr&Sd yuwdwnfNidrfpGm ajzmifhjzL;pDwef;aeyguvnf;
rufarmzG,faumif;avmufatmif wifhw,fvSyrnf r[kwfyg/
rwiffpdefwpfa,muf rdef;rysdKav;rsm;xJwGif b,faomtcgrS tuFDsyg;yg;vSyfvSyf
vufMuyfav;rsm;ukd 0wfavhr&Sdyg/ 0wf&rnfrSm rvkHrvJ jzpfaeaomaMumifhvm; rod/ nDrjzpfol
arvJhESifhawmh qefYusifzufyif jzpf\/ rwifpdefonf tqef;xJwGif ½kd;½kd;aewwfí ay:vGifovkd
arvJhuawmh tqef;xJ0,f ykdíqef;aeonf/
rwifpdefESifh &if;ESD;aom a,muFsm;av;oli,fcsif;rsm;xJwGif ukdbrlu eHygwf0rf; omjzpfonf/
ukdbrlum; tqef;xJwGif ½kd;½kd;ukd oabmusaeolyifwnf;/ rwifpdef\ ½kd;om;aom
[efuyifvQif tvSqef;ol arvJhwkdYxuf cspfp&m aumif;aeonfrSm trSefyifjzpfygonf/
ukdbrluvnf; 'DtuGufuav; wpfuGufjzifhyif rwifpdefukd tifrwefrS jrwfEkd;avaom
yef;yGifhav;wpfyGifhtjzpfESifh t&dyfwMunfhMunfh MunfhaecJh&Smygonf/
cspfygonf[laom pum;ukd tb,fokdYrQ az:xkwfEkdifrnf r[kwfaomfjim;vnf; w,kw,ESifh
tvSysdK;xm;avaom yef;uav;wpfyGifh tjzpfESifhawmh ,k,csifonf/ jrif&avwkdif;0,f
vS&rufa&tkdif0,f vl;vSdrfhrdvkdvSonf/ pdwfxJu wdwfwdwfuav; Budwfum avtvSdrfh0,f
tvSvrf;jyifay:ü ul;vl;wkHYjyefrdacsonf/ rsdKodyf rxm;EkdifawmhonftqkH; ukdbrlonf
ol\tcspfrsm;pGmukd pmjzifh a&;oDum rwifpdefukd vSpf[zGifhjycJhavonf/ rwifpdefuvnf; olr\
oabmxm;ukd pmjzifh jyefMum;cJhygonf/ olr&JU arwÅmukd *syefacwfu zufqpfqefqef
twif;awmif;,l&musaeí oabmrusayr,fhvnf; olrtaejzifh oli,fcsif;awGukd rnfolykdap?
vkdap&,fvkdY oabmrxm;ao;ygaMumif; ½kd;½kd;ESifh &Sif;&Sif;av;yif rwifpdefonf a&;om;í
ukdbrlxHokdY jyefMum;cJhavonf/
ukdbrlonf rwifpdefxHrS pmukd zwf&avwkdif; tonf;xJrSm eifhueJ . . eifhueJ
cHpm;vm&avonf/ ola&;ay;vkdufaompmxJwGif twif;t"r®&,fvkdY qkdjcif;r[kwfyg/
oludk,fwkdifuvJ odygonf/ tcspfqkdonfrSm twif;t"r®awmif;cHí &,laumif;aom
t&mr[kwfaMumif;ukdawmh ukdbrluvJ odygonf/ rwifpdef\ txifawmf tvGJcH&jcif;rSm
tifrwefrS 0rf;enf;aeygawmhonf/

]]'DrSm pdef cPav;}}
ausmif;qif;aom tcdsef0,f ukdbrlu vl&Sif;vSaom ae&mta&muf vkdufíacnf/ ae&muav;rSm
½dk;acsmif;uav;ukd jzwfausmfxm;aom wHwm;jzLuav;jzpfí urf;pyfwGif aygufaeaom
ukuúdKvfyifBuD;u wHwm;jzLav;ukd tkyfrkd;wm;avonf/ ,if;aMumifhyif wHwm;jzLav;ae&mrSm
arSmif&D&Dav; jzpfaeacsonf/ þokdY arSmif&dyfuav; pGef;xif;aejcif;yifvQif vdifrwlavaom
olwkdYESpfOD;\ pdwfawGukd ykdrkdvIyf&Sm;apawmhonf/
]]uRefawmfhtay: rwifpdef txifvGJaeovm;vkdYyg? uRefawmf 'gaMumifh rwifpdefqDufk ..}}
]]tkd txifvGJp&m r&Sdygbl; ukdbrl? uRefrbmom a&;vkdufwJh pmxJrSm ykdNyD; &kdif;oGm;ovm;
xifrdaewmyg&Sif? uRefrwkdY 'DrSm Mum&Snf&yfae&if txifvGJukefvdrfhr,f ukdbrl oGm;Mu&atmif}}
]]ukdbrleJY rwifpdef[m &if;ESD;wJh oli,fcsif;awGqkdwmukd tm;vkH;u odvmcJhMuw,f r[kwfvm;
rwifpdef? 'Dvkd &Sifvif;wJhae&muav;rSm pum;ajym&wm tcGifhaumif;av;rkdY 'DwHwm;av;ay:rSmyJ
&yfNyD; pum;ajymcsifw,f rwifpdeff&,f}}
rwifpdefonf ukdbrl\ pum;aMumifh &kwfw&uf aemufrqkwfomavawmh/
okdYwapvnf; rwifpdefu ukdbrl\ pum;udk tusaumufum
]]&if;ESD;wJh oli,fcsif;awGqkd&ifvnf; vrf;oGm;&if;u ajymEkdifwmbJ ukdbrl? uJav
bmrsm;axGaxGxl;xl; ajymrvkdYvJ qkdprf;ygOD; q&mBuD;&JU}} [k rwifpdefu ajymaeus
avoHtwkdif; ajymvkdufavonf/
]]uRefawmf rwifpdefukd &Sif;&Sif;yJ ajymyg&ap? uRefawmfuawmh rwifpdefukd b,folrS
odrf;ykdufoGm;rSm rcHEkdifbl; rwifpdef/ uRefawmf[m rwifpdef&JUpmukd &vmuwnf;u pdwfawG[m
acsmufcsm;vmw,f . . rwifpdef[m uRefawmfh&JU tonf;ESvkH;yJ? uRefawmfh&JU tonf;ESvkH;ukd
acR,lwJhol[m uRefawmfhudk owfwJhol[m rwifpdefyJ}}
þokdYyif ukdbrlu ajymvkdufavaomaMumifhyif rwifpdefrSm ESKwfcrf;av; rodrom wGefYoGm;cJhNyD;
wcpfcpf &DarmvkdufNyD;vQif ]] vlwpfa,mufuaeNyD; bmrS aoG;om;rawmfpyfwJh vlwpfa,mufukd
cspfvSygcsnf&JUqkdNyD; b,folUvufrS ta&mufrcHEkdifbl; qkdwmuawmh udk,fhukdudk,f
'ku©ay;&musygw,f ukdbrl&,f . . 'Dawmh uRefrqDu arwÅmvkdcsif&if ukdbrl&JU
wZGwfxkd;EkdifvSwJh tjyKtrlukd pGefYvGwfEkdif&ifawmh odyfukdaumif;rSmbJ ukdbrl}}
]]uRefawmf rwifpdefeJY 'Dae&mrSm &efjzpf&atmif vmaewm r[kwfygbl; rwifpdef? uRefawmfhukd
wZGwfxkd;yJqkdqdk? tcspf&kdif;yJ qkdcsifqkdaygh? ukd,fu cspfaewJhtaMumif;awmh rwifpdef
odapcsifygw,f? 'DvkdoabmeJY bGif;bGif;yJ ajymvkdufwm rwifpdef ? 'Dawmh uRefawmfhtay:rSm
rwifpdef&JU oabmukd tck odyg&apvm;Asm}}

ukdbrlrSm ta&mifvufaeaom rsufvkH;BuD;rsm;jzifh rwifpdef\ rsufvkH;rsm;twGif;okdY pkdufí
Munfhvkdufavonf/ ,if;okdY MunfhvkdufaomaMumifhvnf; rwifpdef\ rsufvkH;rsm;
ndK;avQmhoGm;um acgif;ikHypfvkduf&if;u . .
]]uRefr ajymNyD;ygaum ukdbrl? uRefr[m tcktcsdefrSm ynmukdrufaeolwpfa,mufbJ? ukd,feJY
twlwl cifrifvmcJhwJh oli,fcsif;awGukd oli,fcsif;b0eJYyJ aecsifygao;w,f ukdbrl&,f}}
]]'gjzifh rwifpdef[m tckxdyJ tdrfaxmifa&;ukd pdwfrul;ao;bl; qkdygawmh rwifpdef}}
]][kwfygw,f uRefrtaeeJY b,fvkdrS qkH;jzwfEkdifr,f r[kwfao;ygbl;? 'DpdwfawGukd
tckaetcgrSm azsmufxm;apcsifw,f ukdbrl&,f 'gygyJ . .}}
rwifpdefu ukd,fuav;ukdvSnhfí xGufoGm;av&m ukdbrlrSm wHwm;jzLav;ay:0,f ai;ikdifum
usef&pfcJhavawmhonf/ ,if;tcsdefupNyD; ukdbrlrSm rwifpdefukd aemufxyf pmray;cJhovkd
rwifpdefuvnf; ukdbrltm; t&iftwkdif;yif oli,fcsif;wpfOD;vkd qufqHcJhavonf/
__________________________________________

]]rr uRefr cifpef;wkdYtdrf cPoGm;OD;r,f xrif;qm&ifpm;ESifhawmhaemf}}
]]at; . . at;}}
nDrjzpfol arvJh\ pum;oHaMumifh tawG;jywfíoGm;&mrS arvJhukd vSrf;í Munfhvkdufrdonf/
arvJhrSm pmtkyfav; ESpftkyfukdifí olr\a&SUrS jzwfoGm;onfukd awGUjrifvkduf&avonf/
trSefuawmh rwifpdefonf ukdbrlukd oHa,mZOfjzpfcJh&onfrSm trSefyifjzpfonf/ e,fwGif
at;csrf;rIr&Sdí &efukefokdY ajymif;a&TUívmcJh&aomfvnf; rwifpdefonf rMumcPqkdovkdyif
ukdbrlukd owd&rdaeonfrSm trSefyifjzpf\/ arvJh xGufoGm;NyD;umrS rwifpdefonf
ukdbrltaMumif;ukd xkdif&mrx qufí pOf;pm;rdaeao;\/ cPMumrS tjyifzufwGif
arSmif&DysdK;vmonfukd owdxm;rdNyD; xdkif&mrSxum rD;zGifhvkduf\/ NyD;rS rD;zkdacsmifxJokdY 0ifí
xrif;[if;rsm; cl;cyfíaeavonf/ xkdokdY cl;cyfíae&if;rS aemufzufokdY wpfpkHwpfOD;
a&mufvmovkd cHpm;vkduf&í olr\ rsufESmav;ukd vSnfhí MunfhvkdufrdpOfrSmyif olr\
ukd,fvkH;ay:okdY vufwpfpkHu a&mufívmum aemufrSaeí odrf;BuHK;zufvkdufwmukd
cHvkduf&awmhrS olr\ wukd,fvkH; qwfueJyif wkefíoGm;&avawmhonf/

]][Jh . . atmifoef; . . 'gbmvkyfwmvJ . . z,f . . z,fprf;yg . . z,fuGm}}
rwifpdefu twif;½kef;? atmifoef;uvnf; olr\ cg;ukd twif;yif BuHK;í zufxm;av&m
rwifpdef\ ukd,fvkH;av;rSm ajrmufueJ ajrmufueJ jzpfí ae&avonf/
]]rz,fbl; rr&m . . uRefawmf rrukd cspfw,f odyfcspfwmyJ rr&m}}
rwifpdef ½kef;uefaeonfhMum;uyif atmifoef;onf olrukd twif;zufxm;vQufuyif
rwifpdef\ vnfwkdifjzLjzLav;ukd ol\ ESKwfcrf;aEG;aEG;BuD;rsm;jzifh zduyfum
twif;pkyferf;íae\/ rwifpdefcrsm ½kef;&if; uef&if;jzifh arm&onfhtxJwGifyif &ifxJwGif
rGef;Muyfí wufvmNyD; qefYusifzuf xdawGUrIaMumifh olr\ ukd,fcE¨mtwGif;rS aoG;om;rsm;onf
xMuGaomif;usef;vm&awmhonf/ ..

atmifoef;onf naeu arvJh\ 0wfvpfpvpfeD;yg; ukd,fvkH;av;ukd olr a&csdK;ae&if; teD;uyf
awGUjrifcJh&mrSpí ol\ &rufpdwfrsm;rSm aomif;usef;cJh&ayonf/ ½kyf&Sif½kHokdYvkduf&ef arvJhukd
ajymaomfvnf; olru rvkdufbJ jiif;cJh\/ 'gaMumifh aemufwpacgufac:&ef arvJhxHokdY 0ifí
vmcJh&mrS ukd,fvkH;jcif; arvJhESifh rwdrf;r,drf;&Sdaom rwifpdefukd aemufzufrS awGUjrif&um ol\
pdwfrsm; azmufjyefcJh&avonf/ NyD;awmh ,cifh ,cif tcsdefrsm;xJuvnf; ajym&if;qkd&if;u
atmifoef;onf vufuav;qGJvkduf cg;av;wkdYvkdufjzifh rwifpdefukd qufqHvmcJhonfjzpfí
,Ofyg;NyD;vnf;jzpf&um tajctaeuvnf; tdrfwGif rnfolrQ r&Sdaom tcgjzpfum ae&muvnf;
rD;zkdaqmif qdwfuG,f&mwGifjzpfaeawmh atmifoef;rSm bmukdrS rpOf;pm;awmhbJ
t&JpGefYvkduf&jcif;om jzpfavonf/

rwifpdef\ ukd,fvkH;av;rS wajz;ajz;Nidrfí usvmonfukd owdxm;rdvkdufaom atmifoef;onf
wqifhwufum rwifpdef\ cg;ukdzufxm;aom ol\ vufESpfzufteufrS wpfzufukd NAHK;ueJ
jzKwfum olr\ &ifom;xGm;xGm;BuD;ay:okdY wifum zspfueJ nSpfukdifvkdufavawmh&m
tcH&cufoGm;&Smaom rwifpdefcrsm ]][if;}} ueJ avrsm;yif rIwfxkwfvkduf&avonf/
rwifpdefonf &rufpdwfrsm; jyif;xefí vmcJh&onfuawmh trSefyifjzpf\/ tawGUtBuHK
r&Sdao;ol tpdrf;oufoufayrkdY olr\ wukd,fvkH;rSm ewfusovkd wkefae&um olr\
rsufcGHav;rsm;onfyif wpfcsuf wcsuf av;í av;í uscsifvm\/
okdY&mwGif rwifpdefonf q,fausmfouf r[kwfyg/ qifjcifwkHw&m;ESifh todOmPfu
&ifhoefaeNyDjzpfaom t&G,fjzpfaeonf/ aemufqkH;tBudrf BudK;pmjcif;tjzpf olr\ukd,fav;ukd
nSpfí ½kef;vkdufav\/ NyD;awmh rwifpdefu olr\ a&SUeH&HwGif xkd;xm;aom om;vSD;"g;
tcRefwpfvufukd jzwfueJ awGUvkduf&\

]]atmifoef; . . z,f . . z,faemf ightqkd;rqdkeJY . . }} ajym&if;u vufwurf;yifr&Sdaom ae&mu
om;vSD;"g;ukd qGJESKwfí ,lvkdufawmhonf/ ]][m}} ueJ jzpfoGm;aom atmifoef;rSm rwifpdef\
ukd,fvkH;av;ukd vTwfay;vkduf&mu aemufokdY wcsufckefí qkwfvkduf&avonf/ "g;ukd
vufwpfzufrSukdif&if; wukd,fvkH; wqwfqwf wkefaeonfh rwifpdefonf atmifoef;&Sd&mzufokdY
olr\ ukd,fvkH;av;ukd vSnfhvkdufavonf/
]]rif; 'grsdK;aemufrvkyfygeJY armifatmifoef;? ½kd;½kd;om;om;qkd&if wkdYtdrfukd rif;tcsdefra&G;
0ifxGufEkdifw,f ckvkdrsdK;qkd&ifawmh rif;ukd tpfr rnSmEkdifbl; uJ . . tckawmh rif;jyefayawmh}}
atmifoef;rSm wkefwkef&D&D jzpfaeaom rwifpdefukd Munfhí twif;0ifvkH;&ef
pOf;pm;rdvkdufaomfvnf; rwifpdefu ol\ tdrfukd b,fawmhrSrvm&ef ajymqkdjcif;r&Sdojzifh
tcsdef,lBuHpnf&ef pdwful;í cyfikdifikdifyif vSnfhí jyefvmcJhavonf/ olr\ a&SUrS
atmifoef;wpfa,muf xGufcGmí jyefoGm;NyD jzpfaomfvnf; rwifpdefonf ae&mwGifyif
cPMum&yfaeNyD;rS vufxJrS "g;ukd eH&HwGif jyefíxkd;um a&tkd;pifokdY wpfvSrf;jcif;
avQmufívmNyD; a&ukd ESpfcGufwdwd qifhíaomufvdkuf\/
NyD;awmhrS xrif;pm;yGJwGif xkdifvkdufum wpfa,mufwnf; naepmukd pm;aomufaecJh\/
xrif;pm;&onfrSm pdwfrygvSojzifh xrif;ukd wpfyef;uefyif reJukefatmif pm;vkduf&avonf/
wpfoufvkH; xdef;odrf;í vmcJh&aom tysdKBuD;rwifpdefwpfa,muf wpdrf;a,mufsm;wpfa,muf\
&ifcGifwGif tzkd"gwf\ xdawGUrIawGMum;rSm &ifarmvIdufcJh&ayonf/
xrif;pm;NyD;onfh tcsdefxdatmifyif olr\ wpfukd,fvkH;rSm wkefwkef&D&Dav; jzpfíae&ao;\/
NyD;awmh aerxdxkdifrom qkdwmrsdK;vkd ae&xkdif&onfrSm b0ifrusbJ jzpfae&\/
pmtkyfwpftkyfukd aumuf,lí zwfvkdufaomfvnf; rsufvkH;rsm;uom pmtkyfukdMunfhaeonf/
pdwfu pmtkyfxJwGif r&Sdjzpfae\/ tawmfav;Mumawmh nDrjzpfol arvJh jyefa&mufvmí
nDrjzpfoludk xrif;cl;cyfauR;&if; pum;pjrnf ajymaejyefawmhonf/ cPwmrQawmh olr\
cHpm;&rIrsm;rSm oufomovkd &SdcJhayr,fhvnf; cPtMumrSmyif xkdokdY
vkyfukdifajymqkdae&onfukdyif rajymcsif rqkdcsif pdwfrygovdk jzpfvm\/
arvJhu xrif;pm;NyD; cPtMumrSmyif pmzwfaeavawmh&m rwifpdefonf tdrfwHcg;rsm;ukd
vkdufvHíydwfNyD; cyfapmapmyif tdyfcef;xJokdY 0ifcJhavawmhonf/ tdyf&may:okdYa&mufí
vSJavsmif;rdaomtcgwGifrS rwifpdef\ twGif;pdwfwkdYonf ykdrkdí vIyf&Sm;vmcJh&awmhonf/ pdwfukd
xkdae&m xkdXmeokdY rpOf;pm;rdatmif xkdokdYaom taMumif;t&mukd rpOf;pm;rdap&ef owdxm;í
qifjcifrdaeaomfvnf; w'*Fomjzpf\/ nOD;u rD;zkdacsmifwGif awGUBuHKcHpm;cJh&onfrsm;qDokdYom
olr\pdwfu a&mufíae&\/ wvll;vl; wvdrfhvdrfhjzifh olrrSm tdyfraysmfEkdifbJ jzpfae&onf/
pdwfyifyef;rI BuD;vGef;vSojzifh pdwfxJrS olrukd pcJhaom atmifoef;ukd rwifpdefonf
a'govnf;jzpfí aerd\/ ,cktcsdefxdatmifyif rwifpdef\ ukd,fvkH;av;wpfckvkH;onf &Sdef;í
aEG;ae&ao;onf/ NyD;awmh &ifav;rsm;onfvnf; wkefwkefvIyfvIyfav; ckefae&ao;ayonf/
Mumvmawmhvnf; pdwfyifyef;rIrsm;í vm&aom rwifpdefonf olr\pdwfukd &ifckefzG,f&mrsm;qDrS
z,f&Sm;&ef rpOf;pm;awmhbJ xkdokdYaom taMumif;t&mav;awGukdom tqufrjywf awG;í
aevkdufawmhonf/ rMumrSDrSmyif apmapmu a'gojzpfcJh&aom atmifoef;onfyifvQif rwifpdef\
tawG;wGif tazmfrGef jzpfvmcJh&avawmhonf/ xkdnu rwifpdefwpfa,muf noef;acgifausmf
tcsdefrSom tdyfí aysmfcJh&avawmhonf/
__________________________________________

(3)

arvJhwpfa,muf ausmif;wuf&ef jyifqifí tdrfa&SUokdYxGufvmawmh tpfr rwifpdefonf
csufjyKwfNyD;pD;NyDjzpf&m tdrfa&SUwGif wHjrufpnf; vSJaeonfukd awGU&onf/
]]rr uRefr ausmif;oGm;awmhr,f}}
]]atmf . . at;at; . . }}
atmf 'geJYrr reufjzefus&if naezuf ukdcifatmifu ½kyf&SifMunfhzkdY vmac:r,fwJh tJ'g
vkdufoGm;&rvm;}}
]]tif; vkdufcsifvJ vkdufoGm;aygh nDrav;&m udkcifatmifu a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; r&SdvSygbl;}}
]][kwfuJh rr}}

xkdtckdufrSmyif tdrfa&SUwHcg;0qDokdY touf(30) avmuf tom;ndKndK axmifaxmifarmif;armif;
vlwpfa,muf a&mufívmum zdeyfcRwfokdYa&mufí aeNyD;jzpfaom arvJhESifh
rsufESmcsif;qkdifrdMuavonf/
]]&Smvdkuf&wm ar&m . . arwkdY 'Durm&GwfrSm aew,fqkdwmukd armifoufxGef;ajymjyrS od&wm?
t&ifuvJ ar;wmyJ? 'gayr,fh wdwdusus rod&bl;? arwkdYu wdwfwdwfav; ajymif;oGm;wmukd;}}
tdrfxJokdY 0ifa&mufvmaomolu c&D;a&mufrqkdufyif tjypfwifoHav;a&mum
ajymvkdufavonf/
]]wdwfwdwfuav; ajymif;ajy;&wm r[kwfygbl;&Sif? [kdrSmae&if awmu &JabmfawGxuf
jyLapmxD;ukd aMumuf&vGef;vkdYyg? wuwnf;rS rkd;rcsKyfao;bl;? aoewfBuD;awG wum;um;eJY
tdrfxJ twif;0ifvkd0if? 'gwifruao;bl; arvJhwdkYtdrfukd 'jrwkdufvdrfhr,fvkdY arwkdYv,frSm
pm&if;Xm;vkyfoGm;wJh aumifav;u jyLapmxD;wyfxJ 0ifaeawmh aumifav;u
vmNyD;owif;ykdYvkdYaygh ukdBuD;brl&,f}} [k arvJhu rsufckH;av;0ifhum ajymvkdufavonf/
olwkdYpum;ajymae&mokdY rwifpdefu a&mufívmNyD; arvJh\ pum;qkH;onfESifh
]]uJ ar&,f ukdbrlukd tdrfxJac:OD;rSayghuG,f}}
]]atmf [kwfom;bJ? vm ukdBuD;brl OD;av;wkdYawGa&m aeaumif;Mu&JUvm;}}
]]at; . . aumif;ygw,f}}
arvJhyg tdrfay:okdY jyefíwufum okH;a,mufom; xkdifrdMuonfESifh ukdbrlu arvJhukd
Munfhvkduf\/
]]armifoufxGef;awmif vkdufvmOD;rvkdYuG,fh olY½kH;rSm tvkyfawGrsm;aewmeJY tJ'g arvJhudk
owd&aMumif; ajymzkdY rSmvkdufao;w,f}}
ukdbrl\ pum;qkH;awmh arvJh\ rsufESmav;rSm &Suftrf;trf;av; jzpfíoGm;\/
atmf . . tif; . . [kwfuJhqkdNyD; vG,ftdwfukdcsum xkdif&mrSxvkduf\/
]]rrwkdY pum;ajymMuOD; ar tMurf;tkd; oGm;,lvkdufOD;r,f}} [lí xoGm;avonf/
arvJh xGufoGm;awmhrS rwifpdefESifh ukdbrlwkdYonf wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhNyD;
NyHK;rdvkdufMuavonf/
oufxGef;qkdonfrSm arvJhwkdYESifh armifESrvkd tdrfcsif;uyfvsuf i,fpOfuwnf;u
twlwlaecJhMuolrsm;jzpfNyD; oufxGef;rSm arvJhxuf twef;BuD;NyD; arvJhukd pmjycJh&oljzpfonf/
arvJhwkdY &efukefajymif;&rnfhESpfwGif oufxGef;onf arvJhukd ESpfBudrfwkdifwdkif cspfa&;qkdcJhol
wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf/ arvJhuawmh tif;rvkyf tJrvkyfjzifhom aecJh\/ 'gukdodaom
waphwapmif; tuJcwfod&Sdxm;Muonfh ukdbrlESifh rwifpdefwkdYu wpfa,mufrsufESm
wpfa,mufMunfhNyD; NyHK;vkdufMujcif;jzpf\/

tdrfa&SUwGif ESpfa,mufxJ usefcJhMuawmh rwifpdefonf csufcsif;vkdyif rsufvGmcsypfvkduf\/
rcsvkdYuvJ rjzpfay/ ukdbrlukd Munfhvkdufawmh olr\ pdwfxJwGif rvkHrvJ &Sd&onfhtxJ
ukdbrlu olrukd rsufvkH;BuD;jyL;um pdrf;pdrf;BuD; Munfhaeonf r[kwfygvm;/ wm&Snfawmh
wdwfqdwfí raeEkdifojzifh rwifpdefuyif pum;ukdp&ef olr\ rsufESmudk armhvkdufpOfrSmyif
arvJhu olrwkdYteD;okdY jyefí a&mufvmNyD; tMurf;tkd;tjyif aumfzDwpfcGufudkyg azsmfí
wygwnf; ,lvmcJhavonf/
]]tpfukdBuD; ukdbrl 'DrSm aumfzDaomufvkdufygOD; ar ausmif;oGm;vkdufygOD;r,f}} ajymNyD;onfESifh
arvJhonf olr\ vG,ftdwfuav;ukd vG,fum xGufoGm;avawmhonf/ xkdtcgrSyif
rwifpdefonf pum;pwifí qkdvm\/
]]ukdbrlwpfa,muf aysmufcsufom;aumif;vScsnfvm;}}
]]uRefawmfu aysmufwm r[kwfygbl; rwifpdef? cifAsm;wkdYuom &efukefajymif;oGm;NyD;
wdwfwdwfuav; ykef;aeMuwmr[kwfvm;}}
ukdbrlu ta&miffvufaom rsufvkH;rsm;jzifh rwifpdefukd Munfhum ajymvkduf\/
]]tkd . . 'Dvkdvnf; r[kwfygbl;? awmrSmaevkdY rjzpfawmh ajymif;vmcJhMu&wmaygh? awmrSm
vkyfukdifpm;wJhol[m NrdKUay:a&mufawmh tawmfuav; uoDvifwEkdifw,faemf? ypönf;awGvnf;
xm;ypfcJh&ao;w,faemf tcsdKYawG qkH;rSmygyJ ukdbrl&,f}}
]]'gjzifh 'DrSmbmvkyfvJ}}
]]txnfuav; a&mif;wmaygh udkbrl? txnfuawmh uRefrwkdYtwGuf tawmfuav;
tusdK;&Sdom;yJ? araru txufatmuf ukeful;aew,fav}}
]]a':a':a&m aeaumif;w,frdkYvm;}}
]]araruawmh usef;rmygw,f}}
]]'geJY txnfa&mif;awmh ukd,fhqkdifeJYukd,fyJvm;}}
]][m b,f[kwfyghrvJ qkdifXm;NyD;a&mif;&wm taysmufuwif (3)axmifavmufay;&w,f}}
pum;ajymae&if;u ukdbrlonf rwifpdefukd Munfhíae&if;u rwifpdefonf &efukefa&mufNyD;rS
waoG;warG; ykdíawmifvSvmonf[k awGUjrifowdxm;rdvkdufonhf tckduftwefY0,f ukdbrl\
rsufESmonf uGufueJ ysufoGm;avonf/
twefMumatmiftxd pum;ajymaeMuNyD;rS tvkyfudpöjzifh &efukefokdY a&mufvmcJhaom ukdbrlonf
reufjzefrS wpfacgufvmcJhrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymí jyefoGm;cJhayawmhonf/
__________________________________________

aemufwpfaeYwGifawmh rwifpdefonf ukdbrlwpfa,muf 'DaeYwpfacguf jyefvmOD;rnf[k
ajymoGm;cJhojzifh arQmfawmfaZmjzifh &ifav;rsm; wvSyfvSyfckefum ae&avonf/ txl;ojzifh
wpfaeukef wpfa,mufwnf; tdrfwGifae&aom rwifpdefu wukd,fwnf;jzpfum [kdawG;'DawG;jzifh
ykdí cHpm;&aeavonf/ rGef;vGJ (2)em&DcGJavmufwGif arvJhwpfa,muf ausmif;rS
jyefvmaomtcgwGifrS eJeJawmfoGm;&\/ 'gayr,fh nae (3)em&DcGJavmufwGif cifatmifu
arvJhukd ½kyf&SifMunfh&efvmí ac:oGm;jyefawmh rwifpdefrSm wpfa,mufwnf; tdrfwGif
usef&pfcJh&jyefavonf/ udkbrlu ay:írvmao;ay/ 'DaeYawmh rvmawmhygbl;[k
rwifpdefuawG;í nae (4)em&DcGJavmufwGif xrif;xí pm;vkdufavonf/ rwifpdefwpfa,muf
xrif;pm;NyD;í tdrfa&SuokdYa&mufNyD; cPaerS ukdbrlrSm NAHK;qkd a&mufí vmawmhonf/
a&mufvmNyD; xkH;pHtwkdif; olYtaMumif; ukd,fhtaMumif; ajymqkdí ae&mrS NAHK;qkd ukdbrlu
]]uJ rwifpdef uRefawmfuawmh rwifpdefukd rawGUrjrifbJ aecJh&ayr,fh rwifpdefukd tNrJowd&NyD;
[kdwkef;uvkdyJ cspfaewmyg rwifpdwf&JU oabmxm;ua&m b,fvkdvJ}} [k ar;vmavonf/
rwifpdefcrsm tdrfwGif olr wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdum acsmifydwfrdaeaom
]]ukdbrl&,f uRefrpdwfxJrSm ckxd vif,l&r,fhpdwful; r&Sdao;ygbl;}} [k ajymvkdufavawmh&m
rwifpdefrSm rdef;rom;yDyD rl,mrsm;um aecJayr,fhvnf; ukdbrl twGufuawmh t&Idufukdyifhí
txkd;cH&onfhtvm; rcsdwifuJ jzpfoGm;&avawmhonf/
]]wu,fyJvm; rwifpdef&,f cifAsm;ukd uRefawmf tonf;pGJatmif cspfcJhw,f rwifpdef?
uRefawmfhb0rSmvJ wpfoufvkH; taz:tjzpfeJY rwifpdefeJYbJ vufwGJoGm;csifygw,f . . .
wu,fyJ vifr,lawmhbl;;vkdY qkH;jzwfxm;NyD;NyDDvm; rwifpdef&,f}}
]]odyfcufw,f ukdbrl&,f . . uRefr &Sifhukd rcspfvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl; 'gayr,fh vif,l&rSmukd
bmjyKvkdY aMumufrSef;rodygbl; ukdbrl&,f}}
ukdbrlrSm acgif;&Iyfí oGm;&acsNyD/ olYtzkdYwGif ZGwftwif;BuHvQif;yif cHEkdifawmhrnf r[kwfyg/
'gayr,fhvnf; tcspfqkdonfrSm twif;tMuyf jyKvkyfí &aumif;aom t&mawmh r[kwfyg/
]]uJ tpdef? tpdefukdrS r&wJh twluawmh ukd,fhb0[m bmrStokH;ruswmhbl; tpdef? a[m'DrSm
tqdyf? a[m'DrSm "g;? BudKufwm tpdefua&G;vkdufygawmh ukd,fb0ukd tqkH;pD&ifzkdY
qkH;jzwfvkdufygNyD tpdef&,f}}
rwifpdefrSm tawmfuav;yif pkd;&drfxdwfvefYoGm;cJh&avonf/
]]&Sif wu,fowfaoawmhr,f [kwfvm;? uRefrukd r&wmeJY &Sifowfaor,fqkd&if &Sif[m
a,mufsm; yDoygOD;rvm;[if}}
rwifpdefu a'gooHuav;jzifh ajym&if;u NAHK;ueJ tcef;xJokdY ajy;0ifoGm;cJhavonf/ ukdbrlrSm
auseyfjcif; t&dyfta&mifawGeJYtwl 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjcif;awGu 0if;vufoGm;&um rwifpdef\
aemufrS tcef;xJokdY 0ifí vkdufoGm;avawmhonf/ rwifpdefwpfa,muf olr\ tcef;xJ0,f
wodrfhodrfh ikdaeayNyD/
]]ckrSawmh ikdraeygeJYawmh pdef&,f . . ukd,fhb0[m a,musfm;yDowm ryDowmxuf tpdefqDu
tcspfuom y"ger[kwfygvm;[if . . rxl;awmhygbl; ukd,fhb0ukd 'DwGifyJ tqkH;owf
vkdufyg&apawmhaemf}}
udkbrlu ol\ vufxJwGif puúLvdyfav;ukd ywfxm;onfh aq;bl;av;ukd bl;qkdYzGifhum
aomufawmhrnfh[k vufukdajrSmufvkdufavonf/ rwifpdefonf olr\ rsuf&nfprsm;ukd
uref;uwef;odrf;&if;u tajy;uav;vmum ukdbrl\ vufxJrS aq;ykvif;ukd,lum
tcef;axmifhokdY vGifhypfvkdufum rwifpdefonf ukwifay:okdY ypfí xkdifvkduf&if;u olr\
ESKwfcrf;av;rsm;ukd plypfvkdufavawmhonf/ ,ckrSyif ukdbrlwpfa,mufrSm tysdKBuD; rwifpdef\
oabmukd &dyfpm;rdvm&um tcef;wHcg;ukd rif;wkef;xkd;um ydwfypfvkdufavawmhonf/

NyD;onfESifh ukdbrlonf rwifpdefxkdifae&m ukwifteD;okdY wkd;uyfíoGm;um olrESifh
rsufESmcsif;qkdif&yfNyD; vufESpfzufu rwifpdef\ yckH;ESpfzufukd qkyfukdifvkduffaomtcsdefwGif
rwifpdefonf olr\ rsufESmav;udk armhívmum ukdbrlukd &Da0a0av; Munfhívmawmhonf/
wcPtwGif;rSmyif cspfpdwfawG a0cJhNyDjzpfaom ukdbrlonf cyfarmharmhav; jzpfí vmaom
rwifpdef\ rsufESmav;qDrS yg;jyifuav;rsm;ukd b,fjyefnmjyef erf;&mrSpí olr\
ESKwfcrf;tpkHukd iHkí pkyfvkduf&if;u vufwpfzufuvnf; rwifpdef\ cg;qDokdY ajymif;í
zufvkdufum wajz;ajz; rwifpdef\ ukd,fvkH;av;ukd tdyf,may:okdY vSJí csvkdufavawmhonf/
ESpfa,mufpvkH; ukwifxufokdY a&mufoGm;Muonfh cPwGifawmh ukdbrlonf rwifpdef\
ESKwfcrf;rsm;ukd iHkí cJxm;&muyif ol\vufu rwifpdef\ rkdYarmufaom &ifom;BuD;rsm;ukd
t0wftpm;rsm;ay:rSyif zdízdí qkyfe,fay;vkduf&m rwifpdefcrsm ]]tkd}} ueJom ESKwfzsm;rS
xGufoGm;cJh&ayr,fh rjiif;&ufEkdifawmhay/ 'ghtjyif ukdbrl\ vufu rwifpdef\ vkH;wpfaom
wifom;BuD;rsm; ajzmifhpif;wkwfckdifaom aygifwHBuD;rsm;ay:okdYyg avQmqif;oGm;um
ajy;vTm;yGwfoyfae&if;u qkyfí qkyfí ay;aejyefawmh rwifpdefonf cE¨mukd,f wpfckvkH; ylaEG;í
vmcJh&rS zsif;ueJ zsif;ueJ cHpm;&um &ifawGvJ w'deff;'def; ckefae&avonf/ cHpm;&cufpGmjzifh
&ifwvSyfvSyf jzpfíae&aom rwifpdefrSm olr\ vufuav;wpfzufjzifh ukdbrl\
vnfyif;wpfzufukdyif okdif;í zufxm;rdacsNyD jzpfonf/
zkdESifhr rdrd&& xdawGU&mrS &rufrD;yGifhwkdYonf &Sufjzmí awmufavmifvmcJh&ayNyD/

rwifpdef\ ukd,fvkH;av;ay:wGif arSmufí xm;&mrS BuHK;íxvmaom ukdbrlonf olr\
tuÐsav;rsm;ukd Mu,foD;rsm; jzKwfum cRwfay;aepOfrSmawmh rwifpdefrSm &rufaoG;aMumifh
rjiif;&uf&SmayrhJvnf; &SufaoG;av;uvJ &Sdaeavawmh olr\ rsufvkH;uav;rsm;ukd pkHrSdwfíyif
xm;&avawmhonf/ tuÐsav;rsm; uif;uGmoGm;aom tcsdefwGifawmh vdar®mfoD;wifxm;onfhyrm
vkH;0ef; jynfhNzdK;vSonfh rwifpdef\ EkdYtkHESpfvkH;ukd rxd&uf MunfhvQufae&mrS rjrif&uf
EkdifonfhtqkH; ukdbrlonf zGzGav; vufjzifh qkyfí yGwfay;&mrS ikHí pkdYvkdufayawmhonf/
xkdtcgwGif a,musfm;\ t&omukd ezl;awGU 'l;awGU awGUcJh&NyDjzpfonfh rwifpdefrSm &ifwGif;rS
uvDpmrsm; aygufxGufvkrwwf tcH&cufae&mu xkdt&omukdyif aysmufuG,foGm;rnf
pkd;onfhtvm; olr\ &ifom;rsm;ukd twif;yif zduyfay;aeavawmhonf/ ukdbrltzkdY
'Dxufawmh qufNyD; onf;rcHEkdifawmhay/ ukdbrlonf xí xkdifvkduf&mu ol\
t0wftpm;rsm;ukdyg cRwfypfvkdufNyD; rwifpdef\ ukd,fay:wGif wpfckwnf;om usefcJhavaom
olr\ xrDav;ukd qGJtcRwfwGif rwifpdef\ vufwpfzufu twif;yif qGJxm;avojzifh cRwf&ef
cufoGm;onfh rwifpdef\ xrDav;ukd cg;qDokdY vSefí wifvkdufNyD; wNydKifeufwnf;rSmyif
udkbrlonf azgif;rkdY cHk;armufí jynfhjynfhwif;wif; &SdvSaom olr\ apmufywfukd vufjzifh
prf;vkdufaomtcgwGifrl wGefYí oGm;aom rwifpdefonf olr\ ajcawmufav; ESpfzufukd qGJí
auG;vkduf&mu aygifESpfvkH;ukd axmifvkdufavawmhonf/
tvkdufoifhjzpfvmaom taetxm;av; rysuf,Gif;rDrSmyif ukdbrlonf olr\
aygifESpfvkH;Mum;wGif0ifí xkdifvkduf&mu aygifav;ESpfzufukd um;ay;vkduf&if; ol\
vD;wefBuD;ukd rwifpdef\ apmufywfxJokdY tirf;r&yif zdí oGif;vkdufavawmh&m
ausmjyifav;aumhí wufoGm;&aom rwifpdefonf atmf[pfcg nnf;vkdufcsifayr,fhvnf;
toHxGufoGm;rSmukdyif olru pkd;&drfí atmufESKwfcrf;av;udk ukdufí xm;vkdufavonf/ tdí