Systems research for optimizing future land use in South and Southeast Asia

284 Pages·2007·8.2 MB·English

SysNet is supported by:
The Ecoregional Fund, managed by ISNAR, The Hague, The Netherlands
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
National Agricultural Research Systems of India, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam
Information about SysNet can be obtained from the project co-ordinator:
Dr. R.P. Roetter
IRRI
P.O. Box 3127
Makati Central Post Office (MCPO) E-mail:
SysNet Research Paper Series No. 2 (2000)
Systems research for optimizing
future land use in South and
Southeast Asia
Editors:
R.P. Roetter, M. Van Keulen, A.G. Laborte,
C.T. Hoanh & H.H. Van Laar
SysNet Research Paper Series No. 2 (2000)
Systems research for optimizing future land use
in South and Southeast Asia
Proceedings of the International Symposium
SysNet’99:
Systems Research for Optimizing Future Land Use
held at the International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
11-13 October, 1999
Edited by
R.P. Roetter
International Rice Research Institute
H. Van Keulen
Wageningen University and Research Centre
A.G. Laborte
International Rice Research Institute
C.T. Hoanh
International Rice Research Institute
H.H. Van Laar
Wageningen University and Research Centre
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
National Agricultural Research Systems: India, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established in 1960 by the Ford and
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SysNet Research Paper Series No. 2 (2000)
SysNet is a systems research network established to develop methodologies for
determining land use options and to evaluate these methodologies for generating
options for policy and technical changes in selected areas.
SysNet is co-ordinated by the International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI). The following main NARS
partner organizations participate in the SysNet project:
India: Indian Agricultural Research Institute
(IARI) of Indian Council for Agricultural
Research (ICAR)
Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and
Development Institute (MARDI)
Philippines: University of the Philippines at
Los Baños (UPLB)
Philippine Rice Research Institute
(PhilRice)
Mariano Marcos State University
(MMSU)
Vietnam: Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute
(CLRRI)
Collaborating institutions within the Wageningen University and Research
Centre (Wageningen UR), The Netherlands, include:
Alterra
Plant Research International
Crop and Weed Ecology Group
Plant Production Systems Group
Acronyms
AEU agro-ecological unit
CERES crop estimation through resource and environment synthesis
CLRRI Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute
DSS decision support system
FHM farm household modelling
GIS geographic information systems
IARC international agricultural research centre
IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute
IBSRAM International Board for Soil Research and Management
ICAR Indian Council for Agricultural Research
IMGLP interactive multiple goal linear programming
IPM integrated pest management
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural Research
LGU local government unit
LUCTOR land use crop technical coefficient generator
LUPAS land use planning and analysis system
LUST land use system at a defined technology
MADA Muda Agricultural Development Authority
MARDI Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
MFCAL multi-functional character of agriculture and land use
MGLP multiple goal linear programming
MMSU Mariano Marcos State University
NARS national agricultural research system
NGO non-governmental organization
NRM natural resource management
PA participatory approach
PhilRice Philippine Rice Research Institute
QUASI quantitative analysis of (agro-eco-)systems at higher integration
levels
R&D research and development
SARD sustainable agriculture and rural development
SARP simulation and systems analysis for rice production
SOLUS sustainable options for land use
SSNM site-specific nutrient management
SUCROS simple and universal crop growth simulator
UPLB University of the Philippines at Los Baños
WOFOST crop growth simulation model for world food studies
WUR Wageningen University and Research Centre
Contents
Foreword vii
Preface viii
Opening address
F.R. Marcos Jr. xi
Development of systems methodologies for land use planning 1
New approaches to land use planning
H. Van Keulen et al. 3
SysNet methodology development for agricultural land use planning: 1996-99
R.P. Roetter et al. 21
LUPAS: An operational system for land use scenario analysis
C.T. Hoanh et al. 39
SysNet case studies and Stakeholder comments 55
Exploring land use options for a sustainable increase in food grain
production in Haryana: Methodological framework
P. K. Aggarwal et al. 57
Stakeholder comments: Haryana case, India
P.S. Virk 69
Developing and applying LUPAS in the Kedah-Perlis Region, Malaysia:
Methodologies, results and policy implications
A. Tawang et al. 71
Stakeholder comments: Kedah-Perlis case, Malaysia
I. Osman 90
Exploring agricultural land use options for Ilocos Norte, Philippines
F.P. Lansigan et al. 91
Stakeholder comments: Ilocos Norte case, Philippines
H.L. Layaoen 103
Developing and applying the SysNet methodology to explore land use
options in Can Tho Province, Vietnam
N.X Lai et al. 105
Stakeholder comments: Can Tho case, Vietnam
N.T. Son 116
Decision support systems components in LUPAS 119
Methodologies for resource balancing and land evaluation as applied in
the SysNet case studies
A.B. Ismail et al. 121
Yield estimation techniques for land use planning studies
C.A. Van Diepen et al. 133
AGROTEC: Automated generation and representation of technical
coefficients for analysis of land use options
D.M. Jansen 153
Four explorative land use studies in South and Southeast Asia at the
ecoregional scale: How future-oriented are they?
N. De Ridder et al. 165
Calculating technical coefficients for animal production systems
B.A.M. Bouman and A. Nieuwenhuyse 181
Other decision support systems for NRM 201
Participatory approaches for sustainable use of sloping land in Asia
F. W. T. Penning de Vries et al. 203
TropRice: A decision support tool for filling the researcher-farmer
knowledge gap
M.A. Bell and C.L. Chung 217
Short-notes and Conclusions and prospects 227
SysNet information access via the Internet
C. Dreiser and A. G. Laborte 229
Integrating economics with biophysics in exploratory land use studies
B.A.M. Bouman 231
Methodology integration under Ecor(I)Asia
S.P. Kam et al. 235
Yield formation analysis of irrigated rice as part of on-farm crop diagnosis
P. Siband 241
Adaptation of the nutrient management support system (NUMASS) in Asia
T. George et al. 245
Conclusions and prospects
R.P. Roetter and C.T. Hoanh 249
Annexes 253
Annex 1 : External review of SysNet (summary) 255
Annex 2: List of participants 263
vii
Foreword
The competition between agriculture for land use to produce food and alternative
uses of land grows at an alarming rate. Yet so does the demand for food. In Asia,
it is estimated that we will need approximately 40-50% more rice by 2025 than
we do today. As well, demand will be large for other cereals, poultry and fish.
With such pressure, marginal lands are forced into cultivation and species habi-
tats are destroyed, causing a cycle of destruction of Earth’s resources and a wors-
ening of the lives of those who are already poor.
Under this scenario, the primary effort should be to design production systems
and technologies that optimize the efficiency of inputs to the environment and
minimize emissions and losses from the environment. At the same time, we need
to identify policy measures that support the adoption of new technologies for
sustainable agricultural development. In this way, we can begin to make consid-
ered judgements about the trade-offs in land use objectives to meet a varied and
diverse set of region-specific development goals.
To date, our ability to make such considered judgements has been limited by
the tools at our disposal and by our approach to research planning and imple-
mentation. But today, we are using our knowledge about ecosystems as a new
ecological basis for food production. The approach of matching the quality of the
natural resources with the various societal demands placed on them is the realm
of the scientific field of land use systems analysis. It is founded on the principles
of production ecology, which integrates the knowledge of basic physical, chemi-
cal, physiological and ecological processes in agro-ecosystems and uses that to
understand their functioning. To ensure that this systems approach contributes to
improved natural resource management in South and Southeast Asia, we need
new and effective tools for land use planning. The ‘Systems Research Network
for Ecoregional Land Use Planning in Tropical Asia’ (SysNet) is developing and
applying such tools for different case studies of land use options in the region.
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is strongly committed to this
new holistic approach to resource management. Many, indeed, see SysNet as a
leader in exploring new grounds for the future.
The presentations made during this Symposium confirm that view by
demonstrating the tremendous progress that has been made in this frontier area. I
congratulate the participants and organizers for realizing this event. I am con-
vinced that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for scientists
working in this dynamic field of land use systems analysis. Moreover, I hope that
the tools developed will support policymakers and planners in their endeavours
to optimize future land use in the region.
Ronald P. Cantrell, Director General, IRRI