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Systems research for optimizing future land use in South and Southeast Asia PDF

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Preview Systems research for optimizing future land use in South and Southeast Asia

SysNet is supported by: The Ecoregional Fund, managed by ISNAR, The Hague, The Netherlands International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands National Agricultural Research Systems of India, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam Information about SysNet can be obtained from the project co-ordinator: Dr. R.P. Roetter IRRI P.O. Box 3127 Makati Central Post Office (MCPO) E-mail: SysNet Research Paper Series No. 2 (2000) Systems research for optimizing future land use in South and Southeast Asia Editors: R.P. Roetter, M. Van Keulen, A.G. Laborte, C.T. Hoanh & H.H. Van Laar SysNet Research Paper Series No. 2 (2000) Systems research for optimizing future land use in South and Southeast Asia Proceedings of the International Symposium SysNet’99: Systems Research for Optimizing Future Land Use held at the International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines 11-13 October, 1999 Edited by R.P. Roetter International Rice Research Institute H. Van Keulen Wageningen University and Research Centre A.G. Laborte International Rice Research Institute C.T. Hoanh International Rice Research Institute H.H. Van Laar Wageningen University and Research Centre International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines National Agricultural Research Systems: India, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was established in 1960 by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations with the help and approval of the Government of the Philippines, To- day IRRI is one of the 16 nonprofit international research centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR is cosponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Its membership comprises donor countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. As listed in its most recent Corporate Report, IRRI receives support, through the CGIAR, from a number of donors including UNDP, World Bank, European Union, Asian Development Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, and the international aid agencies of the following governments: Australia, Belgium, Canada, People’s Republic of China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea, The Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States. The responsibility for this publication rests with the International Rice Research Institute. The designations employed in the presentation of the material in this publication do not im- ply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IRRI concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Copyright International Rice Research Institute 2000 Mailing address: MCPO Box 3127, 1271 Makati City, Philippines Phone: (63-2) 845-0563,844-3351 to 53 Fax: (63-2) 891-1292, 845-0606 Email: SysNet Research Paper Series No. 2 (2000) SysNet is a systems research network established to develop methodologies for determining land use options and to evaluate these methodologies for generating options for policy and technical changes in selected areas. SysNet is co-ordinated by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The following main NARS partner organizations participate in the SysNet project: India: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) of Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Philippines: University of the Philippines at Los Baños (UPLB) Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) Vietnam: Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute (CLRRI) Collaborating institutions within the Wageningen University and Research Centre (Wageningen UR), The Netherlands, include: Alterra Plant Research International Crop and Weed Ecology Group Plant Production Systems Group Acronyms AEU agro-ecological unit CERES crop estimation through resource and environment synthesis CLRRI Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute DSS decision support system FHM farm household modelling GIS geographic information systems IARC international agricultural research centre IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute IBSRAM International Board for Soil Research and Management ICAR Indian Council for Agricultural Research IMGLP interactive multiple goal linear programming IPM integrated pest management IRRI International Rice Research Institute ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural Research LGU local government unit LUCTOR land use crop technical coefficient generator LUPAS land use planning and analysis system LUST land use system at a defined technology MADA Muda Agricultural Development Authority MARDI Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute MFCAL multi-functional character of agriculture and land use MGLP multiple goal linear programming MMSU Mariano Marcos State University NARS national agricultural research system NGO non-governmental organization NRM natural resource management PA participatory approach PhilRice Philippine Rice Research Institute QUASI quantitative analysis of (agro-eco-)systems at higher integration levels R&D research and development SARD sustainable agriculture and rural development SARP simulation and systems analysis for rice production SOLUS sustainable options for land use SSNM site-specific nutrient management SUCROS simple and universal crop growth simulator UPLB University of the Philippines at Los Baños WOFOST crop growth simulation model for world food studies WUR Wageningen University and Research Centre Contents Foreword vii Preface viii Opening address F.R. Marcos Jr. xi Development of systems methodologies for land use planning 1 New approaches to land use planning H. Van Keulen et al. 3 SysNet methodology development for agricultural land use planning: 1996-99 R.P. Roetter et al. 21 LUPAS: An operational system for land use scenario analysis C.T. Hoanh et al. 39 SysNet case studies and Stakeholder comments 55 Exploring land use options for a sustainable increase in food grain production in Haryana: Methodological framework P. K. Aggarwal et al. 57 Stakeholder comments: Haryana case, India P.S. Virk 69 Developing and applying LUPAS in the Kedah-Perlis Region, Malaysia: Methodologies, results and policy implications A. Tawang et al. 71 Stakeholder comments: Kedah-Perlis case, Malaysia I. Osman 90 Exploring agricultural land use options for Ilocos Norte, Philippines F.P. Lansigan et al. 91 Stakeholder comments: Ilocos Norte case, Philippines H.L. Layaoen 103 Developing and applying the SysNet methodology to explore land use options in Can Tho Province, Vietnam N.X Lai et al. 105 Stakeholder comments: Can Tho case, Vietnam N.T. Son 116 Decision support systems components in LUPAS 119 Methodologies for resource balancing and land evaluation as applied in the SysNet case studies A.B. Ismail et al. 121 Yield estimation techniques for land use planning studies C.A. Van Diepen et al. 133 AGROTEC: Automated generation and representation of technical coefficients for analysis of land use options D.M. Jansen 153 Four explorative land use studies in South and Southeast Asia at the ecoregional scale: How future-oriented are they? N. De Ridder et al. 165 Calculating technical coefficients for animal production systems B.A.M. Bouman and A. Nieuwenhuyse 181 Other decision support systems for NRM 201 Participatory approaches for sustainable use of sloping land in Asia F. W. T. Penning de Vries et al. 203 TropRice: A decision support tool for filling the researcher-farmer knowledge gap M.A. Bell and C.L. Chung 217 Short-notes and Conclusions and prospects 227 SysNet information access via the Internet C. Dreiser and A. G. Laborte 229 Integrating economics with biophysics in exploratory land use studies B.A.M. Bouman 231 Methodology integration under Ecor(I)Asia S.P. Kam et al. 235 Yield formation analysis of irrigated rice as part of on-farm crop diagnosis P. Siband 241 Adaptation of the nutrient management support system (NUMASS) in Asia T. George et al. 245 Conclusions and prospects R.P. Roetter and C.T. Hoanh 249 Annexes 253 Annex 1 : External review of SysNet (summary) 255 Annex 2: List of participants 263 vii Foreword The competition between agriculture for land use to produce food and alternative uses of land grows at an alarming rate. Yet so does the demand for food. In Asia, it is estimated that we will need approximately 40-50% more rice by 2025 than we do today. As well, demand will be large for other cereals, poultry and fish. With such pressure, marginal lands are forced into cultivation and species habi- tats are destroyed, causing a cycle of destruction of Earth’s resources and a wors- ening of the lives of those who are already poor. Under this scenario, the primary effort should be to design production systems and technologies that optimize the efficiency of inputs to the environment and minimize emissions and losses from the environment. At the same time, we need to identify policy measures that support the adoption of new technologies for sustainable agricultural development. In this way, we can begin to make consid- ered judgements about the trade-offs in land use objectives to meet a varied and diverse set of region-specific development goals. To date, our ability to make such considered judgements has been limited by the tools at our disposal and by our approach to research planning and imple- mentation. But today, we are using our knowledge about ecosystems as a new ecological basis for food production. The approach of matching the quality of the natural resources with the various societal demands placed on them is the realm of the scientific field of land use systems analysis. It is founded on the principles of production ecology, which integrates the knowledge of basic physical, chemi- cal, physiological and ecological processes in agro-ecosystems and uses that to understand their functioning. To ensure that this systems approach contributes to improved natural resource management in South and Southeast Asia, we need new and effective tools for land use planning. The ‘Systems Research Network for Ecoregional Land Use Planning in Tropical Asia’ (SysNet) is developing and applying such tools for different case studies of land use options in the region. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is strongly committed to this new holistic approach to resource management. Many, indeed, see SysNet as a leader in exploring new grounds for the future. The presentations made during this Symposium confirm that view by demonstrating the tremendous progress that has been made in this frontier area. I congratulate the participants and organizers for realizing this event. I am con- vinced that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for scientists working in this dynamic field of land use systems analysis. Moreover, I hope that the tools developed will support policymakers and planners in their endeavours to optimize future land use in the region. Ronald P. Cantrell, Director General, IRRI

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