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Healthy Ageing and Longevity 13 Series Editor: Suresh I. S. Rattan Wing-Fu Lai   Editor Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications Healthy Ageing and Longevity Volume 13 Series Editor Suresh I.S. Rattan, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Rapidly changing demographics worldwide towards increased proportion of the elderly in the population and increased life-expectancy have brought the issues, suchas“whywegrowold”,“howwegrowold”,“howlongcanwelive”,“howto maintain health”, “how to prevent and treat diseases in old age”, “what are the futureperspectivesforhealthyageingandlongevity”andsoon,inthecentrestage ofscientific,social,political,andeconomicarena.Althoughthedescriptiveaspects ofageingarenowwellestablishedatthelevelofspecies,populations,individuals, andwithinanindividualatthetissue,cellandmolecularlevels,theimplicationsof suchdetailedunderstandingwithrespecttotheaimofachievinghealthyageingand longevity are ever-changing and challenging issues. This continuing success of gerontology,andespeciallyofbiogerontology,isattractingtheattentionofboththe well established academicians and the younger generation of students and researchers in biology, medicine, bioinformatics, bioeconomy, sports science, and nutritional sciences, along with sociologists, psychologists, politicians, public health experts, and health-care industry including cosmeceutical-, food-, and lifestyle-industry. Books in this series will cover the topics related to the issues of healthy ageing and longevity. This series will provide not only the exhaustive reviews of the established body of knowledge, but also will give a critical evaluationoftheongoingresearchanddevelopmentwithrespecttotheoreticaland evidence-based practical and ethical aspects of interventions towards maintaining, recovering and enhancing health and longevity. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13277 Wing-Fu Lai Editor Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications 123 Editor Wing-FuLai Schoolof LifeandHealth Sciences TheChinese University of HongKong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen,China ISSN 2199-9007 ISSN 2199-9015 (electronic) Healthy AgeingandLongevity ISBN978-3-030-54489-8 ISBN978-3-030-54490-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54490-4 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Agingisaprocessassociatedwithprogressiveaccumulationofdeleteriouschanges (ranging from cell senescence to a decline in immune functioning and hormonal secretion)overtime,leadingtoalossoffunctioninmultipletissuesandanincrease in the probability of death. Over the years, extensive efforts have been paid by researchers to deciphering the mechanisms of aging and treating different types of age-associateddiseases.Thepossiblelinkbetweenaginganddiversephysiological processes (including telomere shortening, accumulation of free-radical mediated tissuedamage,andrandomcross-linkingamongbiomolecules)hasalsobeguntobe recognized.Suchanunderstandingofaging hasbeenfurtherenhancedrecently by rapid advances in computational technologies, which make the attainment of genome-wide expression profiles of diverse tissues from individuals of different ages possible. This greatly enhances the efficiency of the identification of age-relatedgenes,andhasledtothediscoveryofcopiouspotentialtargetsthatmay subsequently be used for manipulation of the aging network via both genetic and non-genetic means. The gap between basic aging research and intervention development is a major obstacle that has tobe overcome before biogerontological interventions can be put into practice. Regarding the fact that aging is a systemic degenerative process, the availability of technologies that enable cells and tissues in a fully developed adult body to be manipulated systemically are in dire need. As far as cell and tissue manipulation is concerned, delivery technologies find great importance because they are the ones that enable the initiators of biological effects to get to the proper site of action. Since the turn of the last century, significant advances have been achieved in the design of delivery technologies. Advances in the development of delivery systems, along with the possibility of achieving spatialtemporal confine- ment of intervention execution via proper carrier design, have opened up new possibilitiesfortheattainmentofinterventionstotacklearangeofdiseases,ranging from cancer and cardiovascular diseases to neurodegeneration and diabetes v vi Preface mellitus. Despite this, the delivery efficiency of most of the existing technologies varies from tissue to tissue. This impedes the successful implementation of inter- ventions that require cells or tissues to be manipulated bodywide. Regardingtheimportanceofsystemicdeliverytechnologiesinthedevelopment and execution of anti-aging interventions, and the lack of books and serious dis- cussions currently available in the field on this important topic, this edited book intends to fill this gap by comprehensively revisiting the latest advances in the chemistry and engineering of technologies for systemic therapeutics delivery, with thestrengthsandlimitationsofthosetechnologiesbeingexploredinthecontextof anti-agingmedicine.Thecontentofthisbookisseparatedintosixpart.PartIoffers an overview of the need of systemic delivery technologies to the development of anti-aging therapies, and also provides an introduction to representative experi- mental approaches that will be required when a technology is designed and char- acterizedtomeettheneedofsystemictherapeutics delivery.InPartII,III,andIV, recent advances in different strategies that may enable systemic delivery to tackle aging and related diseases will be presented. Representative practical strategies to engineerandoptimizetheperformanceofdeliverytechnologiesforapplications in systemicdelivery,alongwiththeirworkingprinciples,willbediscussedinPartV; whereas in the last part, major technical and biological barriers that have to be overcome will be presented for the transition of delivery technologies from the laboratory to reality for applications in systemic delivery to tackle aging and age-associated diseases. Contrary to other edited books which are presented simply as a collection of reviews that target advanced researchers, this edited book contains several special features, making it suitable not only to those familiar with the field but also to readers who are relatively new to this research area. One feature is the “Glossary” section provided in each chapter. It intends to make the content of each chapter more accessible to readers who may not be that familiar with the terminology and abbreviations used in the field. Another feature is the “Important Notes”, which concisely convey to readers the take-home-messages and recent advances in the area to be covered by the chapter. Finally, at the end of each chapter, this is a “Questions for Future Research” section, which delineates some of the important yet unsolved questions to be addressed for future research. Because of the multi- disciplinarynatureofthetopiccoveredbythiseditedbook,ourbookisanticipated to be an appeal toadvanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students training in pharmaceutical sciences and geriatric medicine, and those with an interest in the design and development of delivery technologies. Here I would like to thank all of the authors who have contributed chapters to this publication. We are grateful to them not only because of their support and efforts, but also because of their responsiveness and patience to our editing. Anumberofpeoplehavereviewedchaptersofthisbook.Wewanttoacknowledge Preface vii all of them for their generous participation. Thanks are extended to Mr. Eric M. Huang from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for his administrative assis- tance during the editing of this book. Copious figures presented in this book have been adapted from published articles. The authors and publishers, which have granted the permission for reprinting these materials, are acknowledged. Shenzhen, China Wing-Fu Lai Contents Part I Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques in Systemic Delivery 1 Systemic Delivery in Anti-aging Medicine: An Overview . . . . . . . . 3 Yi Wang and Wing-Fu Lai 2 Current Status of Systemic Drug Delivery Research: A Bibliometric Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 SabaAleEbrahim,MaysamZamaniPedram,andNaderAleEbrahim 3 Characterization Techniques for Studying the Properties of Nanocarriers for Systemic Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Aditi Mehta and Olivia M. Merkel 4 In Vivo Assessment of the Efficiency of Systemic Delivery . . . . . . . 87 V. K. Ameena Shirin, Renu Sankar, Sabna Kotta, and Kannissery Pramod Part II Systemic Delivery Techniques Based on Prodrug Design and Synthetic Materials 5 Prodrug Design to Enhance Bioavailability and Systemic Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Bruna Machado Araújo Sanches and Elizabeth Igne Ferreira 6 Development of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Nandita G. Das and Sudip K. Das 7 Use of Nanoparticulate Systems for Tackling Neurological Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Previn Ramiah, Pierre P. D. Kondiah, Yahya E. Choonara, Lisa C. du Toit, and Viness Pillay ix x Contents PartIII SystemicDeliveryTechniquesBasedonBiologicalMaterials 8 Lipid-Based Nano-delivery of Phytobioactive Compounds in Anti-aging Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Oleh Lushchak, Roman Karpenko, Alina Zayahckivska, Alexander Koliada, and Alexander Vaiserman 9 Albumin-Based Carriers for Systemic Delivery to Tackle Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Hossein Rahimi, Marziyeh Salehiabar, Soodabeh Davaran, Hossein Danafar, and Hamed Nosrati 10 Exosomes as Vehicles for Systemic Drug Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee, Wing-Yan Wong, Brandon Dow Chan, and William Chi-Shing Tai Part IV Systemic Delivery Techniques Based on Physical Means 11 Use of Physical Approaches for Systemic Drug Delivery . . . . . . . . 299 Rajesh Vadlapatla, Zhijun Wang, Priyank Kumar, and Nina Pavuluri 12 Inhalation as a Means of Systemic Drug Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Tomasz R. Sosnowski Part V Modification of Carrier Properties for Systemic Delivery 13 Use of Electrospinning to Enhance the Versatility of Drug Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 Marko N. Živanović 14 Surface Modification Strategies in Enhancing Systemic Delivery Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Sudip K. Das and Nandita G. Das 15 Layer-by-Layer Functionalization for Oral Liposomal Formulations in Anti-aging Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Yi Wang and Wing-Fu Lai 16 Use of Cell-Penetrating Peptides to Enhance Delivery Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Toru Miwa and Kazuhito Tomizawa Part VI Optimization of Delivery Technologies for Intervention Development 17 Use of Numerical Simulation in Carrier Characterization and Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Nenad Filipović and Marko N. Živanović

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