Systematic Studies of Asian Saussurea (Asteraceae) I. Saussurea kubotae, a New Species from Western Japan

2007·0.72 MB·English

by  Yuichi Kadota

植物研究雑誌
J.Jpn.Bot.
82:259–265(2007)
Systematic Studies of Asian Saussurea (Asteraceae) I.
Saussurea kubotae, aNew Species from Western Japan
Yuichi KADOTA
DepartmentofBotany,NationalMuseumofNatureandScience,
4–1–1,Amakubo,Tsukuba,305-0005JAPAN
E-mail:[email protected]
(ReceivedonApril28,2007)
A new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae), S. kubotae Kadota, is described from the
Taishaku-dai limestone area, Hiroshima Prefecture, western Japan. Saussurea kubotae is
morphologicallysimilartoS.tanakaeFranch.&Sav.exMaxim.,however,theformeris
different from the latter by having 13-seriate involucral phyllaries, a loose terminal
raceme with longer, divaricate, scaly peduncles, obovoid involucres, sagittate lower
caulineleaves,longeranthersandlargerachenes.SympatricoccurrenceofS.kubotaeand
S. tanakae was observed in the Taishaku-dai limestone area but any intermediate forms
between the species were not found.
Key words: Japan, limestone area, new species, Saussurea kubotae, Taishaku-dai.
This article is a revisional work of Asian more materials of this Saussurea plant and
Saussurea (Asteraceae) (Kadota 1987, send them to me. He made field examina-
2004). tions again in the Taishaku-dai limestone
In September of 2005 several living plants area in October and November of 2005 and
were sent to me by Dr. Masahiko Kubota sent me some living material. However,
who has studied the flora of Taishaku-dai those plants unexpectedly corresponded to
(a limestone area), Hiroshima Prefecture, true S. tanakae. Consequently it was sup-
western Japan. Among them an unfamiliar posed that the undescribed species grew
plant of Saussurea (Asteraceae) was in- sympatrically with S. tanakae in the
cluded. This plant agreed well with the illus- Taishaku-dai limestone area.
tration of “Saussurea tanakae Franch. & In October, 2006 I conducted field
Sav.” by Mr. K. Inami (Inami 1988; pl. VI- research in the area under the guidance of
100). Saussurea tanakae is mainly distrib- Dr. M. Kubota. As a result the sympatric
uted in Kanto and Chubu Districts, central occurrence of the undescribed Saussurea
Honshu, Japan (Kitamura 1937, 1980, 1981, species and S. tanakae was confirmed. And
Koyama 1995, Ohwi 1953, 1972, Ohwi it was clarified that the undescribed species
(Kitagawa) 1992, Ono et al. 1989) and is is clearly distinguished from S. tanakae by
significantlydifferentfromtheplantinques- the morphological characters stated below.
tion by having 9-seriate involucral phylla- Here I describe the species as S. kubotae
ries, campanulate involucres and cordate leaf after Dr. M. Kubota, who gave me a chance
blades. It was considered that the plant to study the species in detail.
probably belongs to an undescribed species.
Consequently I asked Dr. Kubota to collect
—259—
260 植物研究雑誌 第82巻 第5号 平成19年10月
Fig.1. Holotype specimen of Saussurea kubotae Kadota (JAPAN: Honshu, Hiroshima Pref., Shôbara-shi,
Tôjô-cho,TaishakuUyama,alt.460m,11October2006,Y.Kadota067101,TNS761280).
October2007 JournalofJapaneseBotanyVol.82No.5 261
Taxonomic treament leaves subcoriaceous, saggitate, 11–22 cm
Saussurea DC. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. long, 9.5–12 cm wide, coarsely dentate,
Nat. Paris 16: 156, 198 (1810); Prodr. VI: glabrous on the adaxial side, sparingly
531 (1837). arachnoid on veins on the abaxial side,
Subgen. Saussurea: Lipsch., Fl. URSS deeply to shallowly cordate at base, acute at
27: 392 (1962); Gen. Saussurea 95 apex; petioles 11–26 cm long, sparingly
(1979) – H. Koyama in K. Iwats. & al., Fl. arachnoid. Upper cauline leaves ovate to
Jap.3a:153(1995)–C.Shih&S.-Y.Jingin elliptic, 5–12 cm long, 3–6.5 cm wide,
Y. L. Chen & C. Shih, Fl. Reipub. Popul. serrate, truncate to cuneate at base, acute at
Sin. 78(2): 66 (1999). apex, similarly pubescent to the lower
Sect. Saussurea: Lipsch., Gen. Saussurea cauline leaves, shortly petiolate to sessile
178 (1979) – H. Koyama in K. Iwats. & al., and amplexicaul. Flowers in September to
Fl. Jap. 3a: 153 (1995) – C. Shih & S.-Y. October, with 3–8 capitula, arranged in a
Jing in Y. L. Chen & C. Shih, Fl. Reipub. loose raceme; peduncles 2–7 mm long in the
Popul. Sin. 78(2): 158 (1999). terminal raceme, divaricate, narrowly
Ser. Imbricatae Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. winged, sparingly arachnoid. Involucres
Geobot. 4: 11(1935), p. p.; in Mem. Coll. obovoid, 14–18 mm in diameter, ca. 2 cm
Sci., Kyoto Imp. Univ., ser. B, 13: (Compos. long, arachnoid and densely pubescent with
Jap. I) 198 (1937), p. p. adpressed hairs; phyllaries 13-seriate; outer
phyllaries broadly ovate to ovate, 2–3 mm
Saussurea kubotae Kadota, sp. nov. long, mucronate; inner phyllaries lanceolate,
[Figs. 1–3] 14 mm long, acuminate; setae 8 mm long.
Saussurea tanakae auct. non Franch. & Corollae purplish violet, 13–14 mm long;
Sav. ex Maxim.: Inami, Illust. IV Select. Pl. lobes 3–4.5 mm long; throats 2.5–4 mm
Hiroshima Pref., pl. IV-100 (1988) – long; tubes 5–6 mm long, longer than the
Miyajima Nat. Bot. Gard., Hiroshima Univ. throats; anthers 6.5–7 mm long, purplish
& Hiba Soc. Nat. Hist., Fl. Hiroshima Pref. black. Pappi 11–12 mm long, shorter than
438 (1997) – Hiroshima Pref., Red Data thecorollae,grayishwhite.Achenes6–7mm
Book Hiroshima 2003 235 (2004). long, glabrous, straw-colored, dark purplish-
Differt a Saussurea tanakae phyllariis 13- striate.
seriatis, pedunculis longioribus divaricatis Japanese name: Taishaku-tôhiren (nom.
bracteatis, foliis caulinorum inferiorum nov.).
saggitatis, involucris obovoideis, antheris Distribution: Taishaku-dai, Hiroshima
longioribus et acheniis amplioribus. Pref., Honshu, Japan (endemic).
TYPE: JAPAN: Honshu, Hiroshima Pref., Imagesavailableonthewebsites:http://sya.
Shôbara-shi, Tôjô-cho, Taishaku Uyama, alt. sakura.ne.jp/web/toku/slidegally18/IMG_2512.
460 m, 11 October 2006, Y. Kadota 067101 JPG,-sllidegally20/IMG_5971.JPG,-sllidegally20/
(TNS 761280–holotype, Fig. 1; TNS 76281– IMG_5977.JPG.
76284–isotype). Other specimens examined: JAPAN: Honshu,
A robust, herbaceous perennial, 90–160 Hiroshima Pref., Shôbara-shi, Tôjô-cho, Taishaku
cmtall.Rhizomehorizontal,ca.1.5cmindi- Uyama, 23 Sept. 2005, M. Kubota 05312 (TNS
753088); Taishaku Uyama, 31 Oct. 2005, M. Kubota
ameter, with string-like roots. Stem erect,
s.n.(TNS);TaishakuUyama,3Nov.2005,M.Kubota
striate, strongly winged, arachnoid in the
s.n.(TNS755801,755803).
upper part, simple or sometimes 2–3 times Saussurea kubotae resembles S. tanakae
branched; wings up to 7 mm wide. Basal in having a winged stem (Fig. 2) and imbric-
leaves withering at anthesis. Lower cauline
262 植物研究雑誌 第82巻 第5号 平成19年10月
ô-
ôj
T
a,
m
a
y
U
u
k
a
h
s
ai
T
m
o
fr
n
e
k
a
t
h
ot
B
bit.
a
h
n
i
B)
(
ae6.
k0
a0
n2
a
ter
S.b
o
andOct
A)1
1
(
en
ao
otn
ba
up
ka
aJ
ureef.,
ssPr
Sauma
nhi
es
eo
etwHir
nbhi,
os
arisara-
pb
mô
CoSh
o,
2.ch
g.
Fi
October2007 JournalofJapaneseBotanyVol.82No.5 263
Fig.3. Comparison between Saussurea kubotae (A) and S. tanakae (B) in
involucralshape.BothtakenfromTaishakuUyama,Tôjô-cho,Shôbara-
shi,HiroshimaPref.,Japanon11October2006.
ate involucral phyllaries (Fig. 3). However, In the Taishaku-dai limestone area S.
S. kubotae is clearly discriminated from S. kubotae grew sympatrically with S. tanakae.
tanakae by having 1) 13-seriate involucral As any intermediate forms were not found it
phyllaries (Fig. 3A), 2) ovoid involucres was considered that natural hybridization
(Fig. 3A), 3) a loose raceme with long, between the two species did not occur.
divaricate, scaly peduncles, 4) saggitate According to Dr. Kubota S. kubotae flowers
lower cauline leaves, 5) longer anthers and in September while S. tanakae in October.
6) larger achenes. The difference in the flowering period might
Saussurea kubotae was found growing on prevent the occurrence of natural hybridiza-
the margin of sparse Pinus densiflora woods tion between them.
together with Cephalotaxus harringtonia, As stated above S. tanakae is chiefly dis-
Aconitum japonicum subsp. napiforme, tributed in Kanto and Chubu Districts, cen-
Lindera umbellata, Rubus crataegifolius, tral Honshu (on the Pacific Ocean side) and
Kerria japonica, Acer crataegifolium, is rather common within the range. It is
Staphylea bumalda, Aster scaber, and so on. known that this species is also distributed in
264 植物研究雑誌 第82巻 第5号 平成19年10月
Okayama Pref., western Japan (Kitamura Japanese).
1937, 1981, Ono et al. 1989, Koyama 1995). Inami K. 1988. Saussurea tanakae Fr. et Sav.
The record of S. tanakae for Okayama Illustrations IV of Selected Plants from Hiroshima
Prefecture. Pl. IV-100. Hakushinkan Press,
Prefecture was based on the collection from
Hirosima(inJapanese).
the southern foot of Mt. Hiruzen (Prov.
KadotaY.1987.AnewvarietyofSaussureakudoana
Mimasaka: Yatsuka [currently Okayama TatewakietKitamura(Asteraceae)fromHokkaido,
Pref., Maniwa-shi], Nakafukuda, 10 Oct. Japan.Mem.Natn.Sci.Mus.,Tokyo(20):83–90.
1930, T. Tomogane, KYO; Kitamura 1937). 2004. A new species of Saussurea (Asteraceae)
fromHonshu,Japan.J.Jpn.Bot. 79:235–240.
A specimen collected by the same collector
KitamuraS.1935.LesSaussuréesduJapon;leurclas-
at the same locality on another day is also
sification et leur distribution. Acta Phytotax.
kept in TNS ([JAPAN] Mimasaka, Maniwa-
Geobot.4:1–14.
gun, Yastuka-mura, 20 Oct. 1935, T. 1937. Compositae Japonicae. Pars prima. Mem.
Tomogane s. n., TNS 51630, annotated as S. Coll.Sci.,KyotoImp.Univ.,ser.B, 13:140–212.
sakushinanaKoidz.[nom.nud.]).Thisspeci- 1980.Saussurea.In:KitamuraS.,MurataG.and
Hori M., Coloured Illustrations of Herbaceous
men is certainly ascribed to S. tanakae. This
Plants of Japan (Sympetalae), revised edition. pp.
localityinOkayamaPrefectureisca.500km
24–29, figs. 7–8, pl. 7. Hoikusha Publishing Co.
distant from the main distribution range in Ltd.,Osaka(inJapanese).
central Honshu. Sympatric occurrence of S. 1981. Saussurea. In: Satake Y., Ohwi J.,
tanakae and S. kubotae was also expected at Kitamura S., Watari S. and Tominari T. (eds.),
WildFlowersofJapan.HerbaceousPlants(includ-
the southern foot of Mt. Hiruzen, Okayama
ing Dwarf Subshrubs). 3: 220–224, pls. 201–207.
Prefecture, as in the case of Taishaku-dai,
HeibonshaLtd.,Tokyo(inJapanese).
Hiroshima Prefecture. In October of 2006
Koyama H. 1995. Saussurea. In: Iwatsuki K.,
Dr.KubotaandImadeafieldexaminationat Yamazaki T., Boufford D. E. and Ohba H. (eds.),
the foot Mt. Hiruzen and found several Flora of Japan 3a: 152–162. Kodansha Ltd.,
plants of S. tanakae on the margin of warm- Tokyo.
Lipschitz S. 1979. Genus Saussurea DC. 282 pp.
temperate woods (alt. 520 m). However, no
Nauka,Leningrad(inRussian).
plants of S. kubotae were found.
Miyajima Natural Botanical Garden of Hiroshima
UniversityandtheHibaSocietyofNaturalHistory
I would like to show my sincere thanks to (eds.)1997.FloraofHiroshimaPrefecture.832pp.
Dr. Masahiko Kubota for his presents of TheChugokuSimbun,Hiroshima(inJapanese).
Ohwi J. 1953. Saussurea. Flora of Japan. pp. 1222–
living materials and photographs of S.
1232.Shibundo,Tokyo(inJapanese).
kubotae and guidance to Taishaku-dai and
1972. Saussurea. Flora of Japan, revised edition.
Mt. Hiruzen; to Dr. Hidetoshi Nagamasu,
pp.1387–1397.Shibundo,Tokyo(inJapanese).
University Museum, Kyoto University, for (Kitagawa M.) 1992. Saussurea. New Flora of
his kind information on Saussurea; to Ms. Japan,revised.pp.1538–1547.ShibundoCo.Ltd.,
Junko Makino for her presenting of living Tokyo(inJapanese).
Ono M., Ohba H. and Nishida M. (eds.) 1989.
materials and photographs of S. tanakae.
Saussurea. Makino’s New Illustrated Flora of
Japan. pp. 673–674. Hokuryukan Co. Ltd., Tokyo
Literaturescited (inJapanese).
Hiroshima Prefecture 2004. Kaitei Hiroshima-ken-no- ShihC.andJinS.-Y.1999.Saussurea.In:ChenY.-L.
zetsumetsu-no-osore-ga-aru-yasei-seibutsu–Red Data and Shih C. (eds.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis
Book Hiroshima 2003- 515 pp. Hiroshima (in Sinicae78(2):i-x,1–232(inChinese).
October2007 JournalofJapaneseBotanyVol.82No.5 265
門田裕一：アジア産トウヒレン属 (キク科) の分
類学的研究I. 広島県帝釈台産の1新種, タイシャ
クトウヒレン さ6.5–7 mm, ⑤痩果は長さ6–7 mmである. タイ
広島県庄原市東城町の帝釈台 (石灰岩地) から シャクトウヒレンでは茎の翼がさらに著しく, 茎
1 新種タイシャクトウヒレン Saussurea kubotae の下部では幅5 mmに達するほか, 総梗にも翼が
Kadotaを記載した. タイシャクトウヒレンは茎に 発達する. また, 茎葉の鋸歯もより低平である.
翼 (ヒレ) があり (Figs. 1–2), 総苞片が圧着す 広島県帝釈台ではタイシャクトウヒレンとセイ
る (Fig. 3) 点でセイタカトウヒレンに似ている タカトウヒレンの2種が同所的に生育することが
が, 総苞片が13列と多く, 頭花の柄がより長くや 明らかになった. この2種は花期がずれており
や開出気味に伸びるので総状花序が疎らに見え (タイシャクトウヒレンの方が早い), 両種の中間
(Fig. 2), 一見して異なることが分かる. その他 型が見いだされなかったので種間の交雑は起こっ
にタイシャクトウヒレンはセイタカトウヒレンと ていないらしい. 岡山県真庭市の蒜山南麓にもセ
次のような特徴で区別される：①総苞は倒卵形で イタカトウヒレンが知られているが, ここにはセ
長さ約2 cm, ②下部の茎葉が矛形になること, イタカトウヒレンのみが見いだされた.
③頭花の柄には小型の苞葉が多数着き, ④葯は長 (国立科学博物館植物研究部)