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245 Systematic revision of Leguminosae in Egypt 1. Tephrosia Pers. by H.A. HosNi&Z.A.R. El-Karemy Abstract: HOSNI, H.A. & EL-Karemy, Z.A.R.: Systematic revision of Leguminosae in Egypt. 1. TephrosiaPers. -Sendtnera 1: 245-257. 1993. ISSN 0944-0178. Arevisionofthegenus TephrosiainEgyptispresented. Basiccharactersofthegroupsaregiven aswellasanidentificationkey andanenumerationofthestudiessp>ecimens. Introduction The genus Tephrosia Pers. comprises about 300 species occurring throughout the tropics and inmanywarmtemperateregionsoftheworld, especiallyAfrica. According to TÄCKHOLM (1956: 300-301), seven species were known to occur in Egypt viz.: T. apollinea, T. purpurea, T. ehrenbergiana, T. unißora, T. quartiniana, T. arabica and T. nubica. BouLOS (1966: 205) described T. kassasii which is characterized by its 1-foliolate leaves and is believed to be endemic to the Nubian Desert ofEgypt. TÄCKHOLM (1974: 257- 258) followed Gillett (1958: 123) and treated both T. nubica and T. arabica as two subspecies of71 nubica. On the otherhand, she (1974, op. cit.) regarded the characters ofleaf and flower grouping as the main features for the distinction of the Egyptian species of Tephrosia. The aim ofthis work is to revise systematically the native taxa of Tephrosia with special reference to the earlier applied characters as well as other macro- and micromorphological characters, whicharehopedtobemorereliableforthedistinctionofthesetaxa. This work is based on ample collections kept in the Herbaria: BM, CAI, CAIM and K as well asintensivefield studies. Theupperand lowersurfaceoftheleafaswell asthe seed coat havebeen studiedby means of light microscope and a JEOL JSM scanning electron microscope, which is operated at acceleratedvohageof15 KVatthe ScarmingElectronMicroscopecentreofAssiutUniversity. Characters ofsystematicvalue LeafCharacters Leaves are generally imparipirmate, except in Tephrosia kassasii which is l-foUate. Leaflet shape varies from obovate-cordate in T. unißora and T. quartiniana to oblong-lanceolate in the othertaxa. 246 The indumentumis apparently denseron lower surfaces than the upperones. In T. uniflorathe leaflets are glabrous on the upper surface. It ranges from hirtellous in 71 purpurea and T. kassasii to hispid in T. uniflora, T. desertorum and T. purpurea subsp. dunensis or tomentose in T. nubica, T. quartiniana and T. villosa. SEM examination ofthe indumentum showed that all the taxa possess unicellular, granulate hairs with slightly enlarged bases. In T. purpurea (subsp. purpurea & subsp. dunensis), T. quartiniana, T. desertorum and T. nubica the hairs are short, spreading with bulbous, slightly raised bases (PI. I, Fig. A-D & PI. II, Fig. A). In T. purpurea subsp. apoUina, T. kassasii, T. uniflora and T. villosa the hairs are long, appressed withsunkennon-bulbousbase(PI. n. Fig. B-D). Pod and Seed Characters With the exception ofTephrosia nubia, the other species have linear, compressed, several seeded (5-10) pods, withtomentose {T. villosa) or strigose-hirtellous hairs. In T. nubica, pods areovoid, tomentoseand one-seeded. Most ofseeds are reniform-subcylindrical, however they are subglobose in T. quartiniana. The seeds are small (2-2,2 x 1,5-2 mm) in T. nubica. The seed coat in all species ofTephrosia is glossy, smooth, usually brown or grey mottled with dark spots. In T. nubica, T. uniflora and T. villosa the seeds are dark-brown, wrinkled. The hilum is ± central, circular-elliptical surrounded by a thick hilar rim of epidermal cells which differ from those ofthe surrounding testa. The epidermal cell pattern ofthe hilar rim varies from rugose in T. villosa to coUiculate in T. uniflora, finely rugose in T. nubica and T. quartinianaorfinely scalariformcoUiculateintherest ofspecies(PI. EI, Fig. A-D). SEM examination of seed testa showed that the epidermal cell pattern varies from coUiculate in T. uniflora (PI. IV, Fig. A) to reticulate in T. quartiniana and T. villosa (PI. IV. Fig. B, C) or reticulate-foveate in T. purpurea subsp. purpurea (PI. V, Fig. A) to reticulate- papillate in T. kassasii, T. purpurea subsp. apollinea (PI. V. Fig. B), subsp. dunensis and T. nubica(PI. IV, Fig. D). Theanticlinal cellwallboundaries areeitherindicatedbychannels in T. uniflora, or raised in the other examined test, The boundaries are either straight in T. purpurea, T. kassasii, T. desertorum (PI. V, Fig. C) and T. uniflora or folded in T. nubica, T. villosaand T. quartiniana. Keyforthe investigated taxa 1 Pod ovate, 1-seeded; seeds 5-5.5 x 3.5 mm T. nubica - Pod linear, (3) 5-10-seeded; seeds 2-4.5 x 1.5-2.5 mm 2 2 Flowers clustered (2-3 flowers each) in leafaxils; leafrachis short 1-2.5 cm long 3 - Flowersinracemes, terminal and axillary; leafrachislong (3)4-6(-9) cmlong 4 3 Leaflets 5-7; mainlateralvems4; leafletstomentoseonboth surfaces; styleglabrous. Seedsbrownmottledwithdarkspots, subgloboid; epidermal cell patternofseed coat reticulate T. quartiniana - Leaflets 3(-5); mainlateralveins 7. upper surfaceofleafletsglabrous, thelower surface tomentose; stylepeniciUate. Seedsbrown, subcyUndrical; epidermal cell patternofseed coat coUiculate T. uniflora 4 Leaf 1-foliate T. kassassii - Leaf3-11 (-13)-foliate, imparipinnate 5 5 Pod 3-4 X0.4-0.5 cm, strongly curved, denselytomentose; sepalsfiliform, morethan halfof the standard length, hispid; stylepeniciUate. Epidermal ceUpatternofseed coat reticulate T. villosa - Pod 3.5-5 (-6)X0.2-0.4 cm, slightlycurved, subglabrous-strigose; sepalstriangular, less thanhalfofthe standard length, pubescent; styleglabrous. Epidermal cell pattern 247 otherwise 6 Leaflets small (0.5-1 x0.2-0.3 cm); podsshort(2.5-4x0.2-0.3 cm); seed small (2-2.5 X 1.5 mm) T. desertorum Leaflets larger((1)2-5 x(0.2) 0.6-1.2 cm)); podslonger(3-6 x0.3-0.5); seedslarger (3.5-4 X 1.5-2.5 mm) T.purpurea Systematic Treatment 1. Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Syn. PI. 2: 329. 1807 = Craccapurpurea L., Sp. pi.: 752 1753. Type: Ceylon,Hermann(BM, Holotype). Apolymorphic speciesinthe numberand size ofleaflets, indumentum; aswell asthe size of pod and the numberofseeds in each pod. Several subspecies are recognized (Brummitt, 1968: 241) of which two were known earlier from Egypt; in addition subsp. dunensis is a new record. Keyto subspecies: 1 Young stems, inflorescence, leavesdenselypubescent (PI. I, Fig. A) subsp. dunensis - Young stems, inflorescence subglabrous-pubescent (Plate 1, e,f) 2 2 Pod 3-4 cm long, 5-6(-7) seeded, curved downwards; leafletswith 7 lateralveins, indumentumwith short spreading slightlyraised hairswithbulbousbase; epidermal cell patternoftestareticulate-foveolate(PI. I, Fig. B) subsp.purpurea - Pod 3.5-5 (-5.5) cmlong, (3)7-9 seeded, curvedupwards; leafletswith9 lateral veins, indumentumwithlong appressed sunkenhairswithnonbulbousbase; epidermal cell patternoftestareticulate-papillate (PI. II, Fig. B) subsp.apollinea 1.1 Tephrosia purpurea subsp. purpurea = Tephrosiapurpurea (L.) Pers. var. gracilis Täckh. & Boulos in Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 75 (1972). Holotype: Gebel Um Gurdi, Gebel Elba, 11.2.1962, V. Täckholm et al. 889 (CAI!). Specimens seen from Egypt are with smaller number ofleaflets ranging from (3)5-11(-13). Commoninmoist habitatsand wadi bedsofGebelElbadistrict; veryrarein Southern Sinai. Distribution: Knovm from Pakistan throughout India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia. Recently introduced inAfrica; recorded fromKenya, Ghana, Coted'lvoireandZimbabwe. Representativespecimens: WadiNasib, 9.5.1982, Bot. Dept Excursion s.n. (CAI); Nuweiba-Dahab road, 8.8.1988, H. Hosni s.n. (CAI); Wadi Aideib, Gebel Elba, 20.1.1962, V. Täckholm et al s.n. (CAI); Gebel Mekerba, 23.1.1962, V. Täckholm et al 377 (CAI); Wadi Haikwal, 23.10.1956, Boulos s.n (CAI); Wadi Mirikwan, 5.3.1963,Abdallah 1330(CAIM);DirKansisrob, 3.2.1962, V. Täckholmetal 1256(CAI); WadiHaiteem, 27.1.1962, V. Täckholmetal 761 (CAI). 248 1.2 Tephrosia purpurea subsp. dunensis Brummit in Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 41: 251 (1968). Holotype: Tanganyka, 16 miles N. of Dar es Salam, sand dunes, 2.7.1960, Leach & Brunton 10164(K!). Veryrareinwadibedsand oasesofSouthern Sinai. Distribution: Eastern coasts ofAfrica, Somali Republic, Mozambique, Lake Malawi, Kenya, Tanzanya andtheislandsoftheIndianOcean. Representativespecimens: Southern Sinai, Sharm El Sheikh, 18.8.1982, Bot. Dept. Excursion s.n. (CAI); Urn Mam, 24.10.1926, Kaiser929 (CAIM); Wadi Feiran, Mzeriq, 22.11.1926,Kaiser919 (CAIM); WadiNasb, 5.4.1982, Bot. Dept. Excursion s.n. (CAI); Wadi Isla, April 1940, Hassib s.n. (CAI); Kharga Oasis, 4.11.1966,Hadidis.n. (CAI); sandywastenearQalamum,Dakhla, 14.4.1928,Simpson 6083(CAM). 1.3 Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea (Del.) H. Hosni & El-Karemy comb, et stat. nova Basionym: GalegaapollineaDel., Descr. Egypt., Hist, nat.: 70 no. 688 et 288-289 pi. 53, fig. 5 (1813) = Tephrosia apollinea (Del.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 252 (1822). Type: Egypt, Edfii,Delile s.n. (P). Commonindryand moisthabitatsoftheNileNubianterritory, Nubian and Arabiandeserts, thecoastal plainsalongtheRed Seain Southern Sinai, Gebel Elbamassive; rare inthe oases of WesternDesert. Distribution: Known from the Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia Republic, Djibuti, eastward to Arabia, Iran and Pakistan. Representativespecimens: Abu Simbel, 4.2.1963, V. Täckholm et at. 188 (CAI); Aniba, 14.-18.11.1963, V.Täckholm et. al. s.n. (CAI); Aswan, 7.1.1909, Schweinfurth s.n. (CAI); Wadi Seyal, N. Galala, 15.2.1956, Imam s.n. (CAI); Wadi Aber, near Suez, 15.2.1956, Hadidi s.n. (CAI); El Allaqi, 17.3.1963, Abdallah 1701 (CAIM); Kharga Oasis, 12.3.1928, Simpson 2134 (CAIM); Dakhla Oasis, 14.9.1928, Simpson 6088 (CAIM);WadiMadsus, 17kmfromSharmEl Sheikh, 17.8.1982,Bot. Dept.Excursions.n. (CAI); Ain Sokhna, Red Seacoast, 8.2.1952,Hadidi s.n. (CAI);WadiAideib, 26.2.1938,Shabetai 5109 (CAIM); Syene, Silsilis, s.d.,Siebers.n. (K);Aegypto-inferiore, 1836,Kotschy941 (K). Note: Galega apollinea Del. is a North African taxon which was treated by Link (1822) as Tephrosiaapollinea. It is closely related to T. purpureawhich was described from Sri Lanka. Both species agree in most oftheir characters and the distinction between typical forms is ratherdifficult;whichjustifiesthetreatment ofbothtaxaasconspecific. The plants which grow in the Eastern Desert ofEgypt may produce smaller pods (2,5-4 x 0,3-0,4 cm) and even smaller leaves and leaflets (1,5-2,5 x 0,5-0,8 cm), appearing therefore different (Suez, in desert, 4.1875, Hildebrandt s.n. (BM); Wadi Harunis, S. Galala, 10.2.1956, Imam & Abdel Fadeel s.n. (CAI). Plants from oases (Kharga Oasis, Hibis, 7.2.1952, 249 V.Täckholm &Kassas s.n. (CAI); Dakhla Oasis, 16.8.1967, Hadidi s.n. (CAI) differ from the typical formin having ratherdensely pubescent spreadinghairs. 2. Tephrosia desertorum ScheeleinLinnaea XVII: 383 (1843). Holotype: In planitie deserti propeDscheddam, 20.12.1835,Schimper 770(BM!) This species is best distinguished from T. purpurea by its smaller leaflets (0.5-1 x 0.2-0.3 cm); itspodswhich aregenerallynarrow(2.5-4 x0.2-0.3 cm); by its smaller seeds (2-2.5 x 1.5 mm). VeryrareinwadibedsofArabianDesert ofEgypt. Distribution: Known from ArabianPeninsula. Representative specimens: Wadi Urn Lassaf, S. Qosseir, 2.2.1933, Drar s.a (CAIM); Wadi Ararat, 11.2.1932, Drar s.n. (CAIM). 3. Tephrosia kassasii Boulos in, Feddes Repert. 73: 205 (1966). Holotype: Egypt, Aniba, 18.1. 1963, V. Täckholmetal. (CAI!). Rather distinct by its 1-foliate leaves, although some intermediate forms exist. Only known fromthetypelocality. Distribution: Believed to be endemictotheNubianDesert ofEgypt. 4. Tephrosiavillosa (L.)Pers., Syn. PI. 2: 329 (1807)=CraccavillosaL., Sp. PI.: 752 (1753). 4.1. Tephrosia villosa subsp. ehrenbergiana (Schweinf.) Brummit in Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 41: 225 (1968) = Tephrosia ehrenbergiana Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 18 (1867). Type: Eritrea, Ehrenbergs.n. (B, Lectotype). VeryrareinEgypt, recorded fromKhargaOasis. Distribution: Known from Angola, Kenya, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbawi, Uganda, Mozambique andNamibia; also fromthe islands ofthe IndianOcean. Representativespecimens: EinSerag, Kharga, 23.1.1924,Simpson2373(CAIM, K). 250 5. Tephrosia unifloraPers., Syn. PI. 2: 329 (1807). & & 5.1. Tephrosia uniflora subsp. petrosa (Blatt Hall.) Gillet Ali inBull. 13 (1): 114 (1958) = TephrosiapetrosaBlatt& Hall. Joum. BombayN.H.S. 26: 239 (1918). Type: India, Rajasthan, Taisalmer,Blatter6970(K, Lectotype, Photo !). Differsfromthetype subspeciesbyits3-5 leaflets; podswhichareabout4 cmlongwith 8-9 seedsineach. Confined in Egypt to moist habitats of Gebel Elba massive. Known from the Sudan, Ethiopiaand Somalia, eastwards in Arabia, Pakistan and India. Representative specimens: Gebel Karam Elba, 7.2.1962, V. Täckholm et al. 1722 (CAI); Wadi Yahameib, 22.1.1962, V. Tückholm et al. 259 (CAI); Gebel Alafoot, 7.2.1962, V. Täckholm et al. 1626 (CAI); Wadi Rabdeit, 21.1.1933,Shabetai2655(CAIM);N.WadiLaham,29.10.1956,Khattab 107(CAIM). 6. Tephrosia quartiniana Cuf ex Greuter & Bürdet in Willdenowia 16 (2): 446 (1987). Type: Ethiopia, Djeladjekanne adflumenTaccazze, Quartin-Dillons.n. (P, Holotype). = Tephrosia vicioides A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 188 (1847), nom. illegit. non Schlecht. (1838). Confined inEgyptto moist habitatsofGebelElbamassive. Distribution: KnownfromEthiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Mali andMauritania, eastwardsto SouthernArabia. Representative specimens: Gebel Alafoot, 7.2.1962, V. Täckholm et al. 1659 (CAI); Wadi Ararat, 11.2.1933, Drar s.n. (CAIM);Wadi Mera KwannearHalaib, 1933, Drars.n. (CAIM); Wadi Rabdeit, 21.1.1933, Shabetai 2656(CAIM). 7. Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) BeikerinFl. Trop. Africa2: 125 (1871). 7.1. Tephrosia nubica subsp. nubica Basionym: PogonostigmanubicumBoiss., Diagn. PI. Or. ser. 1,2: 39 (1843) = Pogonostigma abyssinicum Jaub. & Spach, 111. P. Orient. 5: 88. 1856 = Tephrosia nubica var. abyssinica(Jaub. & Spach) Schweinf. inBull. Herb. Boiss. 4, app. 2: 247 (1896). Leaflets (3) 5-9, oblanceolate, (2) 3-4 x 0,2-0,6 cm, villous to densely tomentose; lateral veins 4-5, usually red; pod wooly, ovate, 1,1 x 0,7 cmwith a 2 mm stipe, sed solitary, brown, 5-5,5 x3,5 mm. Confined inEgyptto moist habitats andwadibeds oftheArabianDesert and GebelElba massive. 251 Distribution: Known from Djibuti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritania, Niger, Sudan and Chad. Representative specimens: Gebel Elba, 23.-27.1.1929, G. Täckholm s.n. (CAI); Gebel Elba, 14.1.-6.2.1933, Fahmy &Hassib s.n. (CAI, K); Wadi Khasher, 1924-25,Murray 3349 (K); Gebel Karam Elba, 1925-26,Murray 3882 (K); Wadi Kansisrob, 28.1.1933, Shabetai 2654 (CAIM); Wadi Haikwal, 27.1.1933, Drar 222 (CAIM); Wadi Ehmeit, 20.1.1933, Shabetai 2661 (CAIM); Upstream ofWadi Seramatai, 29.1.1962, V. Täckholmetal. J998{CM). Note: TÄCKHOLM (1974: 257) reported the occurrence of subsp. nubica and arabica (Boiss.)Gillet, which vary in regards ofthe shape, number ofleaflets and the pod size. The examined material from the Arabian Desert and Gebel Elba district of Egypt apparently belongs to subsp. nubica. This agree with the fact that subsp. arabica is a S.W. Asiatic taxon which is not knownfrom Africa. Acknowledgements: The autors are indebted to the keepers ofthe HerbariaBM, CAI, CAIM and K for facilities provided and material sent onloan. 5. References Baker, J.G., 1871: Tephrosia - In: D. OLIVER, Flora of Tropical Africa, 2: 104-126. - London. BoissiER, E., 1872: FloraOrientalis2: 192-193. - Geneve& Basileae. BOULOS, L., 1966: Flora ofthe Nile region in Egyptian Nubia. - Feddes Repert. 73(3): 205- 206. Brummitt, R.K., 1968: New and little known species from the flora zambesiaca area, 20: Tephrosia. -Bol. Soc. Brot. 91, ser. 2: 219-390. Forbes, H.M.L., 1948: I. A revision ofthe South African species ofthe genus Tephrosia. - Bothalia4(4): 951-1008. GiLLETT, J.R., 1958: Noteson TephrosiainTropical Africa. -KewBull. 13 (1): 111-132. GiLLETT, JB., Polhill, R.M. & Verdcourt, B., 1971: Leguminosae, subfamily Papilionoideae - In: Milne-Readhead, E. & POLHILL, R.M. (eds.), Flora ofTropical East Africa, 3(1): 157-211. - London. Greuter, W., Bürdet, H.M. & Long, G. (eds), 1989: Med. - Checklist 4: 177-178. -Berlin- Dahlem. GUNN, CR., 1981: Seeds of Leguminosae - In: POLHiLL, R.M. & Raven, P.H. (eds.), Advances inlegume systematics 2: 913-925. - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Hutchinson, J. & Dalzeil, J.M., 1927: Flora of West Tropical Africa, 11: 383-385. London. - 1958: FloraofWest Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1 (2): 527-528. - London. Lock, J.M., 1989: Legumes ofAfrica. Achecklist. - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Täckholm, v., 1956: Students' FloraofEgypt: 300-301. - Cairo. - 1974: Students' FloraofEgypt, ed. 2: 257-258. - Cairo University. Cairo. Taubert, p., 1894: Tephrosia. - In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.). Natürliche Pflanzen- familien3 (3): 269-270. - Leipzig. Thulin, M., 1983: Legumes ofEthiopia. - OperaBotanica 68: 72-81. Zohary, M., 1972: FloraPalaestina2: 52-53. -Jerusalem. 252 Adressesofauthors: Dr. Hasnaaa. HOSNI, BotanyDepartment, FacultyofScience, CairoUniversity, Giza, Egypt. Dr. ZEINABA.R. El-Karemy, BotanyDepartment,FacultyofScience,AssiutUniversity,Assiut, Egypt. Explanations to plates I-V PlateI SEMmicrographs ofleafepidermis Fig. A- r.purpurea subsp. dunensis, x 500; B - 71purpurea subsp.purpurea, x650; C D T. nubica, x650; - T. desertorum, x400. PlateII SEMmicrographsofleafepidermis Fig. A.-T. quartiniana, x 500; B - T.purpureasubsp. apollinea, x650; C-T. kassasii, X650;D - T. uniflora, x 180. PlateIII SEMmicrographs ofhilarrim and hilarcavityofseeds Fig. A- T.purpurea subsp. apollinea, x90; B - T. villosa subsp. ehrenbergiana, x 180; C - 7! uniflora subsp.petrosa, x 300;D - T.purpureasubsp.purpurea, x90; E - T. nubica, x 190; F - r. quartiniana, x 150. PlateIV SEMmicrographs ofseed coat Fig. A- T. uniflora subsp.petrosa, x 1800; B - T. quartiniana, x 500; C-T. villosasubsp. ehrenbergiana, x 1800; D - T. nubica, x 1500. V Plate SEMmicrographs ofseed coat Fig. A- r.purpureasubsp.purpurea, x650; B - 71purpureasubsp. apollinea, x 1800; C-T. desertorum, x 1200. 253 Plate I 254 n Plate