System Programming with C and Unix

392 Pages·2009·2.15 MB·English

by  Adam Hoover

System
Programming
with C and Unix
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System
Programming
with C and Unix
Adam Hoover
Clemson University
ADDISON-WESLEY
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Hoover,Adam.
SystemprogrammingwithCandUnix/AdamHoover.—1sted.
p. cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-13-606712-2(alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-13-606712-3
1.Systemsprogramming(Computerscience). I.Title.
QA76.66.H662009
(cid:2)
005.42—dc22
2008052700
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ISBN-13:978-0-13-606712-2
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Contents
Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 WhatisSystemProgramming? 1
1.2 TheThreeTools 5
1.3 HowtoDebug 20
1.4 ProgramDevelopment 31
1.5 ReviewofC 35
QuestionsandExercises 41
2 Bits, Bytes, and Data Types 45
2.1 BitModels 45
2.2 BitwiseOperations 57
2.3 MemoryMap 65
QuestionsandExercises 68
3 Arrays and Strings 73
3.1 Arrays 74
3.2 Strings 79
3.3 StringLibraryFunctions 83
3.4 CommandLineArguments 92
QuestionsandExercises 94
vi Contents
4 Pointers and Structures 103
4.1 Pointers 103
4.2 UsingPointers 108
4.3 Structures 118
4.4 UsingStructures 121
QuestionsandExercises 127
5 Input/Output 135
5.1 Streams 136
5.2 Buffers 143
5.3 Pipes 145
5.4 Files 153
5.5 Devices 161
QuestionsandExercises 164
6 Program Management 171
6.1 ProgramBuilding 172
6.2 CodeOrganization 185
6.3 ProgramDistributionMethods 201
QuestionsandExercises 204
7 System Calls 213
7.1 FamiliesofOperations 214
7.2 LibrariesandSystemCalls 215
7.3 ProcessSystemCalls 217
7.4 SignalSystemCalls 229
7.5 SocketSystemCalls 236
QuestionsandExercises 251
8 Libraries 255
8.1 UsingaLibrary 256
8.2 PurposeofLibraries 261
8.3 TheCStandardLibrary 263
8.4 TheCursesLibrary 265
8.5 TheXLibrary 275
8.6 MakingaLibrary 288
8.7 LibraryPitfalls 291
QuestionsandExercises 292
Contents vii
9 Scripting Languages 299
9.1 UsingScriptingLanguages 301
9.2 ShellScripting 305
9.3 Perl 320
9.4 MATLAB 333
9.5 Discussion 347
QuestionsandExercises 348
A ASCII Table 351
B Common Shell Commands 355
C System Programs 357
Index 361
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Preface
T
he goals of this book are to teach the reader about system programming
tools and resources, and to make the reader a better programmer. Con-
sider the following questions: What is a library, and how is it used? What is a
debugger,andhowdoesithelpduringprogramdevelopment?Whatarescript-
inglanguages,andforwhatsortsofprogrammingworkaretheyuseful?Whatare
systemcalls,andwhenaretheyuseful?Whywouldsomeoneeverwanttoruna
programfromashellinsteadofusingagraphicaluserinterface?Thesequestions
areaddressedbythestudyofsystemprogramming asoutlinedinthistextbook.
In addition to the concepts of system programming, this text explores the
lower-level data types: bits and bytes, bit operations, arrays, strings, structures,
andpointers.Thismaterialiscoveredwithanemphasisonmemoryandunder-
standing how and why these different data types are used. Understanding code
at the memory level can help clarify even the most difficult programming con-
cepts. It is common for a student to be less comfortable with these topics than
withotherbasicprogrammingconcepts,suchasloopsandconditionals.Cover-
ageofthelower-leveldatatypesisintendedtoreinforceanintroductorycoverage
obtainedpreviously.Thegoalistoadvancetheprogrammingskillofthereader
fromtheintermediateleveltotheadvancedlevel,tothepointwherethesetopics
arewellandcomfortablyused.