System Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development: Concepts, Principles, and Practices

881 Pages·2015·13.76 MB·English

by  Charles S. Wasson

SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS,
DESIGN, AND DEVELOPMENT
WILEY SERIES IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
AND MANAGEMENT
Andrew P. Sage, Editor
A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS,
DESIGN, AND DEVELOPMENT
Concepts, Principles, and Practices
CHARLESS.WASSON
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Wasson,CharlesS.,1948-
Systemengineeringanalysis,design,anddevelopment:concepts,principles,andpractices/CharlesS.Wasson.
pagescm
Revisededitionof:Systemanalysis,design,anddevelopment.Hoboken,N.J.:Wiley-Interscience,2005.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-44226-5(cloth)
1.Systemdesign.2.Systemanalysis.I.Title.
QA76.9.S88W3732015
003–dc23
2014018409
CoverimagecourtesyofiStockphoto©cgtoolbox
Typesetin10/12ptTimesLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
1 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD xv
PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION xvii
ABOUTTHECOMPANIONWEBSITE xxi
INTRODUCTION—HOWTOUSETHISTEXT xxiii
1 Systems,Engineering,andSystemsEngineering 1
1.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 2
1.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 2
1.3 WhatisaSystem?, 3
1.4 LearningtoRecognizeTypesofSystems, 7
1.5 WhatisSE?, 8
1.6 SystemVersusSystemsEngineering, 12
1.7 SE:HistoricalNotes, 13
1.8 SystemsThinkingandSE, 13
1.9 ChapterSummary, 15
1.10 ChapterExercises, 15
1.11 References, 16
2 TheEvolvingStateofSEPractice-ChallengesandOpportunities 17
2.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 19
2.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 20
2.3 TheStateofSEandSystemDevelopmentPerformance, 20
2.4 UnderstandingtheProblem:RootCauseAnalysis, 24
2.5 Industry,Government,Academic,Professional,andStandardsOrganizations
Solutions, 27
2.6 DefiningtheProblem, 32
2.7 EngineeringEducationChallengesandOpportunities, 42
2.8 ChapterSummary, 43
2.9 ChapterExercises, 46
2.10 References, 46
vi CONTENTS
PARTI SYSTEMENGINEERINGANDANALYSISCONCEPTS 49
3 SystemAttributes,Properties,andCharacteristics 51
3.1 DefinitionofKeyTerms, 51
3.2 AnalyticalRepresentationofaSystem, 53
3.3 SystemStakeholders:UserandEndUserRoles, 55
3.4 SystemAttributes, 56
3.5 SystemProperties, 56
3.6 SystemCharacteristics, 60
3.7 TheSystem’sStateofEquilibriumandtheBalanceofPower, 61
3.8 System/ProductLifeCycleConcepts, 64
3.9 SystemAcceptability:ChallengesforAchievingSuccess, 71
3.10 ChapterSummary, 74
3.11 ChapterExercises, 74
3.12 References, 75
4 UserEnterpriseRoles,Missions,andSystemApplications 76
4.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 76
4.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 77
4.3 UserRolesandMissions, 78
4.4 UnderstandingandDefiningUserMissions, 83
4.5 UnderstandingtheUser’sProblem,Opportunity,andSolution
Spaces, 88
4.6 ChapterSummary, 97
4.7 ChapterExercises, 97
4.8 References, 98
5 UserNeeds,MissionAnalysis,UseCases,andScenarios 99
5.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 100
5.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 101
5.3 Commercial/ConsumerProductVersusContractSystemDevelopment, 101
5.4 UserOperationalNeedsIdentification, 103
5.5 MissionAnalysis, 107
5.6 MissionOperationalEffectiveness, 114
5.7 DefiningMissionandSystemUCsandScenarios, 117
5.8 ChapterSummary, 127
5.9 ChapterExercises, 127
5.10 References, 128
6 SystemConceptsFormulationandDevelopment 129
6.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 129
6.2 ConceptualizationofSystemOperations, 131
6.3 TheSystemOperationsModel, 131
6.4 FormulatingandDevelopingtheSystemConcepts, 138
6.5 ChapterSummary, 144
6.6 ChapterExercises, 145
6.7 References, 145
7 SystemCommandandControl(C2)-Phases,Modes,andStates
ofOperation 147
7.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 148
7.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 149
CONTENTS vii
7.3 SystemPhasesofOperation, 150
7.4 IntroductiontoSystemModesandStates, 151
7.5 EnterprisePerspective—EngineeredSystemStates, 154
7.6 EngineeringPerspective—ModesandStates, 157
7.7 ApplyingPhases,Modes,andStatesofOperation, 168
7.8 ModesandStatesConstraints, 169
7.9 ChapterSummary, 172
7.10 ChapterExercises, 172
7.11 References, 173
8 SystemLevelsofAbstraction,Semantics,andElements 174
8.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 174
8.2 EstablishingandBoundingtheSystem’sContext, 175
8.3 SystemLevelsofAbstractionandSemantics, 176
8.4 SystemDecompositionVersusIntegrationEntityRelationships, 181
8.5 Logical–PhysicalEntityRelationship(ER)Concepts, 183
8.6 ArchitecturalSystemElementConcepts, 186
8.7 ChapterSummary, 196
8.8 ChapterExercises, 196
8.9 References, 197
9 ArchitecturalFrameworksoftheSOIandItsOperatingEnvironment 198
9.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 198
9.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 199
9.3 IntroductiontotheSOIArchitecture, 199
9.4 UnderstandingtheOEArchitecture, 201
9.5 OtherArchitecturalFrameworks, 209
9.6 UnderstandingTheSystemThreatEnvironment, 209
9.7 SOIInterfaces, 211
9.8 ChapterSummary, 218
9.9 ChapterExercises, 218
9.10 References, 218
10 ModelingMissionSystemandEnablingSystemOperations 219
10.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 219
10.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 219
10.3 TheSystemBehavioralResponseModel, 220
10.4 SystemCommand&Control(C2)InteractionConstructs, 221
10.5 ModelingSystemControlFlowandDataFlowOperations, 225
10.6 ModelingMissionSystemandEnablingSystemOperations, 230
10.7 ModelinganOperationalCapability, 235
10.8 NestedOperationalCycles, 241
10.9 Model-BasedSystemsEngineering(MBSE), 241
10.10 ChapterSummary, 243
10.11 ChapterExercises, 243
10.12 References, 243
11 AnalyticalProblem-SolvingandSolutionDevelopmentSynthesis 245
11.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 245
11.2 PartI:SystemEngineeringandAnalysisConcepts
Synthesis, 245
11.3 ShiftingtoaNewSystemsEngineeringParadigm, 246
viii CONTENTS
11.4 TheFourDomainSolutionsMethodology, 248
11.5 ChapterSummary, 251
11.6 References, 254
PARTII SYSTEMENGINEERINGANDDEVELOPMENT
PRACTICES 255
12 IntroductiontoSystemDevelopmentStrategies 257
12.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 258
12.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 259
12.3 SystemDevelopmentWorkflowStrategy, 260
12.4 Multi-LevelSystemsDesignandDevelopmentStrategy, 262
12.5 ChapterSummary, 268
12.6 ChapterExercises, 268
12.7 References, 269
13 SystemVerificationandValidation(V&V)Strategy 270
13.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 270
13.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 272
13.3 SystemV&VConceptsOverview, 275
13.4 SystemVerificationPractices, 278
13.5 SystemValidationPractices, 283
13.6 ApplyingV&VtotheSystemDevelopmentWorkflowProcesses, 285
13.7 IndependentVerification&Validation(IV&V), 290
13.8 ChapterSummary, 291
13.9 ChapterExercises, 292
13.10 References, 292
14 TheWassonSystemsEngineeringProcess 293
14.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 293
14.2 ApproachtothisChapter, 294
14.3 EvolutionofSEProcesses, 294
14.4 TheWassonSEProcessModel, 296
14.5 WassonSEProcessModelCharacteristics, 306
14.6 ApplicationoftheWassonSEProcessModel, 310
14.7 TheStrengthoftheWassonSEProcessModel, 311
14.8 ChapterSummary, 311
14.9 ChapterExercises, 312
14.10 References, 312
15 SystemDevelopmentProcessModels 313
15.1 DefinitionsofKeyTerms, 314
15.2 IntroductiontotheSystemDevelopmentModels, 315
15.3 WaterfallDevelopmentStrategyandModel, 316
15.4 “V”SystemDevelopmentStrategyandModel, 318
15.5 SpiralDevelopmentStrategyandModel, 322
15.6 IterativeandIncrementalDevelopmentModel, 324
15.7 EvolutionaryDevelopmentStrategyandModel, 325
15.8 AgileDevelopmentStrategyandModel, 326
15.9 SelectionofSystemVersusComponentDevelopment
Models, 341