System Administration Guide Basic Administration - Oracle

464 Pages·2010·2.67 MB·English

by  Oracle Corporation

SystemAdministrationGuide:Basic
Administration
PartNo:817–1985–22
September2010
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101102@24999
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................................................19
1 OracleSolarisManagementTools(RoadMap)...............................................................................25
What'sNewinOracleSolarisManagementTools?.........................................................................25
MatrixofOracleSolarisManagementToolsandSupportedReleases .........................................27
FeatureDescriptionsforOracleSolarisManagementTools .........................................................27
FeatureDescriptionsforSolaris9ManagementTools...................................................................28
AvailabilityofSolarisManagementCommands .............................................................................29
Solaris10SystemManagementCommands ............................................................................29
ForMoreInformationAboutOracleSolarisManagementTools.................................................31
2 WorkingWiththeSolarisManagementConsole(Tasks)..............................................................33
SolarisManagementConsole(Overview)........................................................................................33
WhatIstheSolarisManagementConsole?...............................................................................33
SolarisManagementConsoleTools ..........................................................................................34
WhyUsetheSolarisManagementConsole? ............................................................................36
OrganizationoftheSolarisManagementConsole ..................................................................36
ChangingtheSolarisManagementConsoleWindow ............................................................38
SolarisManagementConsoleDocumentation ........................................................................38
HowMuchRole-BasedAccessControl?...................................................................................38
BecomingSuperuser(root)orAssumingaRole ............................................................................39
▼HowtoBecomeSuperuser(root)orAssumeaRole................................................................40
UsingtheSolarisManagementToolsWithRBAC(TaskMap).....................................................42
IfYouAretheFirsttoLogIntotheConsole ............................................................................43
CreatingthePrimaryAdministratorRole ................................................................................43
▼HowtoCreatetheFirstRole(PrimaryAdministrator)...........................................................44
▼HowtoAssumethePrimaryAdministratorRole....................................................................45
3
Contents
StartingtheSolarisManagementConsole .......................................................................................46
▼HowtoStarttheConsoleasSuperuserorasaRole .................................................................46
UsingtheSolarisManagementToolsinaNameServiceEnvironment(TaskMap) ..................47
RBACSecurityFiles .....................................................................................................................48
PrerequisitesforUsingtheSolarisManagementConsoleinaNameService
Environment ................................................................................................................................49
ManagementScope......................................................................................................................49
/etc/nsswitch.confFile...........................................................................................................50
▼HowtoCreateaToolboxforaSpecificEnvironment .............................................................50
▼HowtoAddaTooltoaToolbox ................................................................................................52
▼HowtoStarttheSolarisManagementConsoleinaNameServiceEnvironment................53
AddingToolstotheSolarisManagementConsole .........................................................................53
▼HowtoAddaLegacyTooltoaToolbox ...................................................................................53
▼HowtoInstallanUnbundledTool ............................................................................................54
TroubleshootingtheSolarisManagementConsole........................................................................54
▼HowtoTroubleshoottheSolarisManagementConsole ........................................................55
3 WorkingWiththeOracleJavaWebConsole(Tasks) ......................................................................57
What'sNewinAdministeringtheOracleJavaWebConsole?.......................................................57
OracleJavaWebConsoleServerManagement ........................................................................57
ApplicationsThatAreAvailabletotheOracleJavaWebConsole.........................................58
OracleJavaWebConsole(Overview)...............................................................................................58
WhatIstheOracleJavaWebConsole? .....................................................................................59
OracleJavaWebConsoleManagementCommands ..............................................................60
SupportedWebBrowsers............................................................................................................60
GettingStartedWiththeOracleJavaWebConsole(TaskMap)...................................................60
GettingStartedWiththeOracleJavaWebConsole........................................................................61
▼HowtoStartApplicationsFromtheOracleJavaWebConsole'sLaunchPage....................62
ManagingtheConsoleService...........................................................................................................64
▼HowtoStarttheConsoleService ...............................................................................................64
▼HowtoEnabletheConsoleServicetoRunatSystemStart ....................................................64
▼HowtoStoptheConsoleService................................................................................................65
▼HowtoDisabletheConsoleService ..........................................................................................65
ConfiguringtheOracleJavaWebConsole.......................................................................................66
▼HowtoChangeOracleJavaWebConsoleProperties .............................................................68
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OracleJavaWebConsoleUserIdentity ....................................................................................70
UsingtheConsoleDebugTraceLog .........................................................................................71
TroubleshootingtheOracleJavaWebConsoleSoftware(TaskMap) .........................................72
TroubleshootingtheOracleJavaWebConsoleSoftware...............................................................73
CheckingConsoleStatusandProperties ..................................................................................73
ProblemsAccessingtheConsole................................................................................................75
ProblemswithApplicationRegistration...................................................................................76
OracleJavaWebConsoleReferenceInformation...........................................................................80
OracleJavaWebConsoleSecurityConsiderations .................................................................80
SpecifyingAuthorizationsWiththeauthTypesTag ...............................................................82
EnablingRemoteAccesstotheOracleJavaWebConsole......................................................84
DisablingRemoteAccesstotheOracleJavaWebConsole.....................................................84
ChangingInternalPasswordsforOracleJavaWebConsole..................................................85
4 ManagingUserAccountsandGroups(Overview) .........................................................................87
What'sNeworChangedinManagingUsersandGroups? ............................................................87
ToolsforUserAccountandGroupAccountManagement ...........................................................88
WhatAreUserAccountsandGroups?.............................................................................................88
UserAccountComponents ........................................................................................................89
GuidelinesforUsingUserNames,UserIDs,andGroupIDs.................................................95
WhereUserAccountandGroupInformationIsStored ................................................................96
FieldsinthepasswdFile ..............................................................................................................96
DefaultpasswdFile ......................................................................................................................97
FieldsintheshadowFile ..............................................................................................................98
FieldsinthegroupFile ................................................................................................................98
DefaultgroupFile ........................................................................................................................99
ToolsforManagingUserAccountsandGroups ...........................................................................100
TasksforSolarisUserandGroupManagementTools..........................................................101
ManagingUsersandResourcesWithProjects.......................................................................103
CustomizingaUser'sWorkEnvironment .....................................................................................104
CustomizingtheBashShell ......................................................................................................105
UsingSiteInitializationFiles ....................................................................................................105
AvoidingLocalSystemReferences ..........................................................................................106
ShellFeatures..............................................................................................................................106
ShellEnvironment .....................................................................................................................107
5
Contents
ThePATHVariable ......................................................................................................................110
LocaleVariables .........................................................................................................................111
DefaultFilePermissions(umask) .............................................................................................112
UserandSiteInitializationFilesExamples.............................................................................113
5 ManagingUserAccountsandGroups(Tasks)...............................................................................115
SettingUpUserAccounts(TaskMap) ...........................................................................................115
GatheringUserInformation.....................................................................................................116
▼HowtoCustomizeUserInitializationFiles ............................................................................117
▼HowtoAddaGroupWiththeSolarisManagementConsole'sGroupsTool ....................118
▼HowtoAddaUserWiththeSolarisManagementConsole'sUsersTool...........................119
AddingGroupsandUsersWithCommand-LineTools.......................................................121
SettingUpHomeDirectoriesWiththeSolarisManagementConsole ...............................122
▼HowtoShareaUser'sHomeDirectory...................................................................................122
▼HowtoMountaUser'sHomeDirectory.................................................................................123
MaintainingUserAccounts(TaskMap) ........................................................................................125
ModifyingUserAccounts .........................................................................................................125
▼HowtoModifyaGroup ............................................................................................................127
▼HowtoDeleteaGroup..............................................................................................................127
AdministeringPasswords .........................................................................................................128
UsingPasswordAging...............................................................................................................129
▼HowtoDisableaUserAccount................................................................................................129
▼HowtoChangeaUser'sPassword ...........................................................................................130
▼HowtoSetPasswordAgingonaUserAccount .....................................................................131
▼HowtoDeleteaUserAccount .................................................................................................131
6 ManagingClient-ServerSupport(Overview)...............................................................................133
What'sNewinManagingClient-ServerSupport?.........................................................................134
SupportforSpecifyingPlatformbyUsingthebootadm-pCommand ...............................134
nfs4_domainKeywordImpactsDisklessClientBoot ...........................................................134
x86:DisklessClientChangesintheGRUBBootEnvironment ...........................................134
x86:ChangestothesmdisklessCommand ..........................................................................135
WheretoFindClient-ServerTasks .................................................................................................135
WhatAreServers,Clients,andAppliances? ..................................................................................136
WhatDoesClientSupportMean?...................................................................................................136
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Contents
OverviewofSystemTypes................................................................................................................137
DescriptionofaServer ..............................................................................................................137
Stand-AloneSystems.................................................................................................................138
DisklessClients ..........................................................................................................................138
DescriptionofanAppliance .....................................................................................................139
GuidelinesforChoosingSystemTypes...................................................................................139
DisklessClientManagementOverview..........................................................................................140
OSServerandDisklessClientSupportInformation .............................................................140
DisklessClientManagementFeatures ....................................................................................141
DiskSpaceRequirementsforOSServers................................................................................144
7 ManagingDisklessClients(Tasks)..................................................................................................145
ManagingDisklessClients(TaskMap) ..........................................................................................145
PreparingforManagingDisklessClients .......................................................................................147
▼x86:HowtoPrepareforAddingDisklessClientsinaGRUBBasedBootEnvironment..148
▼HowtoPrepareforAddingDisklessClientsinOracleSolaris10........................................151
▼HowtoAddOSServicesforDisklessClientSupport............................................................152
▼x86:HowtoAddaDisklessClientintheGRUBBasedBootEnvironment .......................155
▼HowtoAddaDisklessClientinOracleSolaris10.................................................................158
▼x86:HowtoBootaDisklessClientWithGRUB....................................................................160
▼SPARC:HowtoBootaDisklessClientinOracleSolaris10 .................................................161
▼HowtoRemoveDisklessClientSupport ................................................................................161
▼HowtoRemoveOSServicesforDisklessClients...................................................................162
PatchingDisklessClientOSServices ..............................................................................................163
DisplayingOSPatchesforDisklessClients ............................................................................163
▼HowtoAddanOSPatchforaDisklessClient .......................................................................164
TroubleshootingDisklessClientProblems....................................................................................166
TroubleshootingDisklessClientInstallationProblems .......................................................166
TroubleshootingGeneralDisklessClientProblems .............................................................170
8 IntroductiontoShuttingDownandBootingaSystem ..............................................................175
What'sNewinShuttingDownandBootingaSystem ..................................................................175
OracleSolarisAutoRegistrationIntroduced .........................................................................175
AutomaticBootArchiveRecovery ..........................................................................................176
SPARCSupportforInstall-TimeUpdates ..............................................................................176
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Contents
Two-TerabyteDiskSupportforInstallingandBootingOracleSolaris10 .........................177
OracleSolarisZFSBootSupport..............................................................................................177
x86:findrootCommand .........................................................................................................177
SupportforSpecifyingPlatformbyUsingbootadmCommand...........................................178
RedesignofSPARCBootstrapProcess....................................................................................178
x86:SupportforUsingPowerButtontoInitiateSystemShutdown....................................179
WheretoFindShutDownandBootTasks ....................................................................................179
ShutDownandBootTerminology .................................................................................................180
GuidelinesforShuttingDownaSystem.........................................................................................181
GuidelinesforBootingaSystem......................................................................................................182
WhentoShutDownaSystem..........................................................................................................182
WhentoBootaSystem.....................................................................................................................183
9 ShuttingDownandBootingaSystem(Overview) ......................................................................185
FundamentalsoftheOracleSolarisBootDesign ..........................................................................186
UnderstandingtheNewSPARCBootArchitecture......................................................................187
PackingandUnpackingtheMiniroot .....................................................................................188
SoftwareInstallationandUpgrades.........................................................................................188
InstallationMemoryRequirements.........................................................................................188
ChangestotheNetworkBootServerSetupProcess ..............................................................189
SupportforBootingMultipleKernels.....................................................................................189
ImplementationoftheBootArchivesonSPARC..........................................................................189
x86:AdministeringtheGRUBBootloader.....................................................................................190
HowGRUBBasedBootingWorks ..........................................................................................190
GRUBSupportforfindrootCommand................................................................................191
BootingFromanOracleSolarisZFSRootFileSystem.................................................................192
InstallationRequirementsforOracleSolarisZFS..................................................................192
HowBootingFromanOracleSolarisZFSRootFileSystemWorks....................................193
SPARC:OptionsThatSupportBootingFromanOracleSolarisZFSRootFileSystem....193
x86:OptionsThatSupportBootingFromaZFSRootFileSystem......................................194
10 ShuttingDownaSystem(Tasks).....................................................................................................195
ShuttingDowntheSystem(TaskMap)..........................................................................................195
ShuttingDowntheSystem ...............................................................................................................196
SystemShutdownCommands .................................................................................................196
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UserNotificationofSystemDownTime ................................................................................197
▼HowtoDetermineWhoIsLoggedintoaSystem .................................................................198
▼HowtoShutDownaServer......................................................................................................198
▼HowtoShutDownaStand-AloneSystem .............................................................................201
TurningOffPowertoAllDevices ...................................................................................................203
▼HowtoTurnOffPowertoAllDevices....................................................................................203
11 ModifyingOracleSolarisBootBehavior(Tasks)..........................................................................205
ModifyingBootBehavioronSPARCBasedSystems(TaskMap)...............................................205
SPARC:UsingtheBootPROM ................................................................................................206
▼SPARC:HowtoFindthePROMRevisionNumberforaSystem.........................................207
▼SPARC:HowtoIdentifyDevicesonaSystem........................................................................207
▼SPARC:HowtoDeterminetheDefaultBootDevice ............................................................209
▼SPARC:HowtoChangetheDefaultBootDevicebyUsingtheBootPROM.....................209
▼SPARC:HowtoChangetheDefaultBootDevicebyUsingtheeepromCommand..........211
SPARC:ResettingtheSystem ...................................................................................................211
▼SPARC:HowtoChangetheDefaultKernelbyUsingtheBootPROM ..............................211
▼SPARC:HowtoChangetheDefaultKernelbyUsingtheeepromCommand ...................212
SPARCSupportforITUConstructionTools.........................................................................212
ModifyingBootBehavioronx86BasedSystems(TaskMap) .....................................................214
ModifyingBootBehavioronx86BasedSystems ...................................................................215
x86:ModifyingBootBehaviorbyEditingtheGRUBMenuatBootTime .........................216
EditingtheGRUBMenuinOracleSolaris10.........................................................................217
BootArgumentsThatCanBeSpecifiedbyEditingtheGRUBMenuatBootTime .........218
▼x86:HowtoModifyBootBehaviorbyEditingtheGRUBMenuatBootTime .................219
x86:ModifyingBootBehaviorbyEditingthemenu.lstFile ...............................................220
▼x86:HowtoModifyBootBehaviorbyEditingthemenu.lstFile .......................................221
x86:LocatingtheActiveGRUBmenu.lstFile.......................................................................224
x86:ImplementationofthefindrootCommand .................................................................225
▼x86:HowtoAddGRUBMenuEntriesThatUsethefindrootCommand .......................226
12 BootinganOracleSolarisSystem(Tasks)......................................................................................229
BootingaSPARCBasedSystem(TaskMap) .................................................................................229
BootingaSPARCBasedSystem.......................................................................................................230
▼SPARC:HowtoBootaSystemtoRunLevel3(MultiuserLevel).........................................231
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Contents
▼SPARC:HowtoBootaSystemtoRunLevelS(Single-UserLevel) .....................................232
▼SPARC:HowtoBootaSystemInteractively ..........................................................................233
▼SPARC:HowtoBootaKernelOtherThantheDefaultKernel............................................234
BootingFromaSpecifiedZFSRootFileSystemonaSPARCBasedSystem..............................236
▼SPARC:HowtoListAvailableBootableDatasetsWithinaZFSRootPool ........................237
▼SPARC:HowtoBootFromaSpecifiedZFSRootFileSystem..............................................238
BootingaSPARCBasedSysteminFailsafeMode .........................................................................240
▼HowtoBootaSPARCBasedSysteminFailsafeMode..........................................................241
BootingaSPARCBasedSystemFromtheNetwork......................................................................244
▼SPARC:HowtoBootaSystemFromtheNetwork ................................................................245
Bootinganx86BasedSystembyUsingGRUB(TaskMap).........................................................246
▼x86:HowtoBootaSystemtoRunLevel3(Multiuser) .........................................................247
▼x86:HowtoBootaSystemtoRunLevelS(Single-UserLevel)............................................248
▼x86:HowtoBootaSystemInteractively.................................................................................251
x86:BootingFromaSpecifiedZFSRootFileSystemonanx86BasedSystem..........................253
▼x86:HowtoDisplayaListoftheAvailableZFSBootEnvironments ..................................253
▼x86:HowtoBootFromaSpecifiedZFSRootFileSystem ....................................................254
Bootinganx86BasedSysteminFailsafeMode .............................................................................257
▼HowtoBootanx86BasedSysteminFailsafeMode..............................................................257
▼x86:HowtoBootinFailsafeModetoForciblyUpdateaCorruptBootArchive ...............259
Bootinganx86BasedSystemfromtheNetwork...........................................................................261
x86:AboutDHCPMacros ........................................................................................................263
▼x86:HowtoPerformaGRUBBasedBootFromtheNetwork.............................................264
13 ManagingtheOracleSolarisBootArchives(Tasks) ....................................................................267
ManagingtheOracleSolarisBootArchives(TaskMap)..............................................................267
DescriptionoftheOracleSolarisBootArchives ...........................................................................268
Managingtheboot-archiveService..............................................................................................269
▼HowtoEnableorDisabletheboot-archiveService............................................................269
AutomaticBootArchiveRecovery..................................................................................................270
▼x86:HowtoClearAutomaticBootArchiveUpdateFailuresbyUsingthe
auto-reboot-safeProperty....................................................................................................270
▼HowtoClearAutomaticBootArchiveUpdateFailuresbyUsingthebootadm
Command...................................................................................................................................271
UsingthebootadmCommandtoManagetheBootArchives ......................................................272
▼HowtoManuallyUpdatetheBootArchivebyUsingthebootadmCommand..................272
10 SystemAdministrationGuide:BasicAdministration • September2010