Syria and the New World Order PDF
Preview Syria and the New World Order
SYRIA and the i r~ \ n r a p I Neil gyilliam Durtiam Middle East Monographs Series IT H A C A SlTHIA AND THE NEW WOBLD ONDEE Ithaca Press is an imprint of Garnet Publishing Limited Published by Garnet Publishing Limited 8 Southern Court South Street Reading RG14QS UK Copyright C Neil Quilliam, 1999 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review First Edition ISBN 0 86372 249 0 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Jucket design by Michael Hinks Typeset by Samantha Ablcy Printed in Lebanon Contents List of Figures vi List of Abbreviations vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1 The Took of Analysis 7 2 Syria: The Components of Power 27 3 Syria: The Centres of Power 63 4 The Regional Balance of Power 113 5 Syria and the Gulf War Adjusting to the New World Order 155 6 Syria and the Peace Process 175 Conclusion 229 Bibliography 243 Index 283 M Figure 1 Religious minorities in Syria 41 Figure 2 Ba'th party organisation chan 77 Figure 3 Omnibalancing: the international system and domestic politics 103 Abbreviations AA Air-to-air ACC Arab Cooperation Council ASU Arab Socialist Union ATF Advanced Tactical Fighter CIA Central Intelligence Agency ns Front islamique du Salut (Islamic Salvation Front) GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP Gross Domestic Product GIA Groupe islamique armé (Armed Islamic Group) IDF Israeli Defense Forces IMF International Monetary Fund LF Lebanese Forces LNM Lebanese National Movement MBT Main Battle Tank NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NIC« Newly Industrialising Countries NPF National Progressive Front NSC National Security Council NSF National Salvation Front PDFLP Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine PFLP Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine PFLP-GC Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command PLA Palestine Liberation Army PLO Palestine Liberation Organisation PNC Palestine National Command SAM Surface-to-air Missile SCP Syrian Communist Party SEATO South-East Asia Treaty Organisation Syria and the New World Order ss Surface-to-surface SSNP Syrian Socialist National Party TNCs Transnational Corporations UAR United Arab Republic UN United Nations Acknowledgements I would like to extend my gratitude in particular to Dr Anoushiravan Ehteshami, who supervised this study, and has continued to inspire me through his dynamism, professionalism, and optimism, and to Professor Ray Hinnebusch, whom I was fortunate to work with in 1993-4. I benefited greatly from his experience, insights and intellectual generosity. My first research trip to Syria was enhanced through his extensive knowledge of the country and his network of loyal friends. Caution deters me from acknowledging specific friends and con tacts established in Syria, but I am indebted to those individuals who granted me access to their families, society and political culture. During those dark days of writing up, the inspiration flowed from Deheisheh camp, and the poetry of Mawgojzeta made the difference. Neil Quilliam If a person were to try stripping the disguises from actors while they play a scene upon the stage« showing to the audience their real looks and the (aces they were bom with, would not such a one spoil the whole play? And would not the spectators think he deserved to be driven out of the theatre with brickbats, as a drunken disturber?... Now what else is the whole life of mortals but a sort of comedy, in which the various actors disguised by various costumes and masks, walk on and play each one his part, until the manager waves them off the stage? Moreover, this manager frequendy bids the same actor go back in a different costume, so that he who has but lately played the king in scarlet now acts the flunky in patched clothes. Thus all things are presented by shadows. (Erasmus, Tbo Prwùo «fFolfy) fel
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