Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV PDF
Preview Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV
Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV org 001 s.w 12 | http://pubs.ac1/bk-1995-0584.f 02 20 une 16, oi: 10.1 Jd on 5 | 35.42 5, 199 3.y 6a 1M 89.e: y at bD wnloaded blication Do Pu In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. org 001 s.w 12 | http://pubs.ac1/bk-1995-0584.f 02 20 une 16, oi: 10.1 Jd on 5 | 35.42 5, 199 3.y 6a 1M 89.e: y at bD wnloaded blication Do Pu In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. 584 ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV Don R. Baker, s.org w001 Zeneca Ag P rodEDuIcTOtsR 12 | http://pubs.ac1/bk-1995-0584.f BuckJmosaenp Lha Gbo. rFaetonryieess ,I nteEDrnITaOtRi onal, Inc. 02 20 une 16, oi: 10.1 Gregory S. Basarab, EDITOR Jd on 5 | DuPont 35.42 5, 199 3.y 6a 1M 89.e: by Dat Developed from symposia sponsored wnloaded blication obfy t hthee A Dmiverisicioann oCfh Aemgrioccahl eSmoicciaetlsy Do Pu American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1995 In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. TP 248 .P47S964 1995 copy 1 Synthesis and chemistry of agroehemicals IV org 001 s.w 012 | http://pubs.ac21/bk-1995-0584.f ISBN 0-8412-3091-9 20 une 16, oi: 10.1 ACS symposium series, ISSN 0097-6156; 584 Jd on 5 | 3.35.42 y 5, 199 TSthaen dpaarpde fro urs Iendfo irnm tahtiiosn p uScbielincacetiso—nP meremetasn ethncee m oinf imPaupmer rfeoqru Pirreimnteendt sL oibfr aArmy eMricaatenr iaNlsa, tAioNnaSlI 16Ma Z39.48-1984. (So) 89.e: y at Copyright © 1995 bD Downloaded Publication AAcchhlmaal ppeRttreeiicgrrah inmtns aC tRhyhie esbsm everio cvmlaeudlma d.S eoeT c inifheodteryic a appteeprsesa otrhnaaenl cc eoop roy frin igtthheretn oacowld nueesr e'as to crtoh nfesoe rbn ottth ttohema pt e orrefspo trnhoagelr f aoiprrhs iitnc p tceaorgnpeaie ols fu o sefae ct hohfe specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 1970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. 1994 Advisory Board ACS Symposium Series M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor Robert J. Alaimo Douglas R. Lloyd Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals The University of Texas at Austin Mark Arnold Cynthia A. Maryanoff University of Iowa R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute s.org w001 DUnaivviedrs iBtya koef rT ennessee Julius J. Menn 012 | http://pubs.ac21/bk-1995-0584.f APRNfaorizvibenaredl rRCatm eeFsne t.aBr rBaoclrh saRe dL eysae,ba Jrocrr.ah to ry WRUnoeaigsUvtteee. SrrrUs n.ir AtD byC.ae oopnMtfaat or-IiCtlnnmlihen eRaaonmriets sp e oaafrig cAnhg rLicaubloturarteo ry, 20 June 16, doi: 10.1 MNaatirognaarle St cAien. cCea vFaonunaudagthio n VUninivceersnitty P oefc Moriachriog an on 5 | 35.42 5, 199 AUnrtivheursri tBy .o Ef lWlisis consin at Madison MDealmrsohnatl lL Pahboilrlaitposr ies 3.y 6a 1M 89.e: Dennis W. Hess George W. Roberts y at Lehigh University North Carolina State University bD wnloaded blication HIBiMro Ashlmi aIdtoe n Research Center AM. aTcarluasmtearn C oSllceghwe artz Do Pu Madeleine M. Joullie John R. Shapley University of Pennsylvania University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Lawrence P. Klemann Nabisco Foods Group L. Somasundaram DuPont Gretchen S. Kohl Dow-Corning Corporation Michael D. Taylor Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Bonnie Lawlor Institute for Scientific Information Peter Willett University of Sheffield (England) In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. Foreword JLHE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of this series is to publish comprehensive org 001 books developed from symposia, which are usually "snapshots s.w 12 | http://pubs.ac1/bk-1995-0584.f isspnaor rmotypime toBh sreeaee"fdvto i treohtewafe ba tlmph esae yap omteecfrrup iscroa orsblien ueontm netpn -urtbthebsasel seii seasthdro ecr pbdehivoc aio.be skwe Fqi eniousdgri c p tkfduholoiytrns u aearn psed oappesnrooro sn pacs,rio bitniaolttet prei.as inc cen,ts e,sp ct lehutsoes 2002 the topic and for comprehensiveness of the collection. Some une 16, oi: 10.1 proaupnerds o uart et heex cslcuodpeed o af tt hteh ivso lupmoine.t , Iann add doitthioerns, aa drrea fatd odfe eda ctho Jd on 5 | paper is peer-reviewed prior to final acceptance or rejection. 35.42 5, 199 Terh^is) aonf otnhyem soyumsp orseivuiemw, wphrooc ebsesc oims es utpheer veidseitdo rb(sy) tohfe t hoer gbaonoizk . 3.y 16Ma The authors then revise their papers according to the recom 89.e: mendations of both the reviewers and the editors, prepare y at wnloaded bblication D wcahmoe crAahs-e rceaka d rtuhyla ect,o apolynl ,ln yae ncoedrsis gsauirnbyam lr iertve itssheiaoern cfsih nh apalva ppea ebpreeser nas n mtdoa odthreie.g iendailt orres , Do Pu view papers are included in the volumes. Verbatim reproduc tions of previously published papers are not accepted. M. Joan Comstock Series Editor In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. Preface RACHEL CARSON, 32 years ago in her book Silent Spring, discussed the dangers of certain chemicals used in industry, agriculture, and health care. Carson implicated DDT in particular for its persistence in the environ ment and its deleterious effects on off-target organisms. During and after the second World War, DDT was even used for treating humans for lice and related conditions. To a large extent, we can credit Rachel Carson g 1 and the publication of Silent Spring for many changes in public, industrial, s.acs.or84.pr00 Ranoda da,"ca Cdeamrsiocn ppooliicnyte. d Ionu tt hael tebronoakti'vse sl atsot csyhnatphteetri,c eangtritolechde m"Tichales ,O stuhcehr b5 p://pu995-0 mase tthhoed su sefo ro fi nnsaetcutr aclo pnrtorodlu, catsn dan sdh eth een dcoeuverlaogpemde ntht eo uf sme aolef sstaefreirli zaagtiroon 12 | htt1/bk-1 DchDemT iacanlds. m aDnuyr iontgh etrh pe olfyocllholworininga tdeedc hadyderso wcaer bwonitsn, eisnsceludd tihneg cbyacnlondiniegn eosf 02 20 2 on June 16, 995 | doi: 10.1 tdseuescvtheiInlm oagpps mh rAaoelvvndeetrm ianoei ndfa etnn dde iw tnrhee elrat htpaeernd od gia nrmcescseuoscrritoaeicnc isyd ot eopsowh. fia srtaidcna nateleywdti ecmra lea tnhindosd tsrsau fmeforer n ctthosex micaioncladolg s itcfhaoelr 41 163.35.May 5, aengrtiitclueldtu "raBli oaanssday isn dinu stthriea lD uissceosv. erTyh Per oocveesrsv ioewf A cghraopchteerm iicna ltsh"i sd evsoclruibmees 89.e: various methods used to evaluate biological activity. However, beyond by Dat activity, an agrochemical must show favorable properties relating to mam wnloaded blication mtsotra ilcgiato nvset arannndmda erfndistsh i rmteogpxuioclsaitetydo,r bymy ua ttghaeegn eicnniiedcsuit syfto,r ryt e orraengt oiitsgster nraeitcisoietnayr., cheAt,c sw., eaf onrroe swsuu lbht maovifes s hitohenre Do Pu bicides (sulfonylureas and imidazolinones) with application rates of grams rather than pounds per acre. We have safer, less persistent agrochemicals in place of highly chlorinated fungicides and insecticides. We continue to strive quite successfully to find increasingly safer chemicals for agrochemi cal uses. As with the previous three volumes, our goal is to inform the reader of the current trends in research for safe, efficient, biologically active chemicals. The organization of this book is similar to that of the preced ing three volumes. After the overview chapter and a second chapter reviewing bioisosterism in agrochemicals, a section of chapters describes the discovery of new plant control agents. The following section deals with control of insects and acarids. The final section covers the control of fungal diseases. xiii In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. Acknowledgments We express our appreciation to the authors who shared the results of their interesting work with us during the symposia. Special thanks go to those who spent many extra hours preparing the chapters for publication in this volume. We hope that the readers—be they chemists, microbiolo gists, entomologists, plant physiologists, or medicinal chemists—will find the chapters interesting, useful and, above all, stimulating. Last, but not least, we also thank our employers, Buckman Labora tories International, Inc., DuPont, and Zeneca Ag Products; without their generous support of the symposia, this volume and the previous three volumes could not have been published. DON R. BAKER bs.acs.org 584.pr001 ZR12ei0cnh0em cSaoo nAudtgh, P C4rA7ot d9hu4 Sc8t0tsr4 ee t u0 p://p995- 12 | htt1/bk-1 JBOuScEkPmHa Gn .L FaEbNoYraEtSo ries International, Inc. 2002 1256 North McLean Boulevard 42 on June 16, 1995 | doi: 10.1 DMGRuePEmoGpnOhtiR sAY, g TSrNi.c u3Bl8tA1uS0rAa8Rl PABro ducts 163.35.May 5, NSteiwnea-rHka, sDkEel l1 R97e1s4ea rch Center 89.e: by Dat September 15, 1994 d n wnloadeblicatio Do Pu xiv In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995. Chapter 1 Bioassays in the Discovery Process of Agrochemicals Gregory S. Basarab1, Don R. Baker2, and Joseph G. Fenyes3 DuPont Agricultural Products, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, DE 19714 2Zeneca Ag Products, 1200 South 47th Street, Richmond, CA 94804 3Buckman Laboratories International, Inc., 1256 North McLean Boulevard, Memphis, TN 38108 g 1 or00 s.acs.84.ch Agrochemicai discovery relies on a variety of assays to reflect the attri b5 butes of a chemical that are ultimately useful to the farmer. Among u0 p://p995- these attributes are spectrum of pest control, use rates, mode-of-action, 12 | htt1/bk-1 pThhyetior tcohxaicraitcyt etroiz actrioopns i,s a qnudi tsea cfeotmy ptloex w aonrdk enros oannde steot tohfe p reontvoicroolnsm weinllt . 02 guarantee progress towards compounds of commercial potential. Fur 20 on June 16, 5 | doi: 10.1 ttehhreneri mzinaoctirroeena, s taehn eidn crsoeougpruhslieast titiocoan tc idoormniv moinfeg rl cauibapol irdzaaettvoioerylno pmgmreotehwnotsd csmo sdotrrsiev a iannrgdd u utoopu tsrhe esd eumaerc othod 35.42 5, 199 csiogsnts o. fD aessscaryibs ekde hye treoi nth aere d eisvcoolvvienrgy torefn ndesw thera ta wnde menovriesi oenff efoctri vthee c rdoep 3.y protection chemicals. We have divided discovery assays into five types: 89.16e: Ma enzyme/receptor, biochemical pathway, cellular, greenhouse and field y at assays and suggest that all of the types will be integrated for the suc bD wnloaded blication cinessesfcutsl aindde nftuifnicgait.i on of novel chemistry to protect crops from weeds, Do Pu An irony of modern life is that those commodities that are truly most precious are those that we do not pay for dearly. We pay tremendous prices for diamonds which contribute little to day-to-day livelihood. Conversely, we pay relatively little for our food, expecting abundant supplies at the local grocery store. Even when famine sweeps across countries or regions, the cause is usually rooted in politics rather than actual supply or failures by worldwide farming. Today the world is able to feed its population; some regions are perhaps more successful than others, but overall food is cheap and plentiful. It would be hard to imagine this world otherwise and it offers us some measure of hope that few of the world conflicts deal with access to the necessities of life such as food, water and shelter. At this point in time, the farmer efficiently feeds the world having met the chal lenge of population growth; the growth in productivy of United States agriculture, for 0097-6156/95/0584-0001$12.00/0 © 1995 American Chemical Society In Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV; Baker, D., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.
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