Synopsis of Javanese Literature 900–1900 A.D.

344 Pages·1967·19.887 MB·English

by  Theodore G. Th. Pigeaud Ph.D. Leiden (auth.)

LITERATURE OF JAVA
VOLUME I
TO MY WIFE
KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT
VOOR TAAL., LAND· EN VOLKENKUNDE
LEIDEN
LITERATURE OF JAVA
I
CATALOGUE RAISONNE OF JAVANESE MANUSCRIPTS
IN THE
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN
AND OTHER PUBLIC COLLECTIONS
IN THE NETHERLANDS
BY
THEODORE G. TH. PIGEAUD, PH.D. LEIDEN
VOLUME I
SYNOPSIS OF JAVANESE LITERATURE
900-1900 A.D.
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V
ISBN 978-94-015-0238-2 ISBN 978-94-015-0752-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-0752-3
Softcover reprinl of Ihe hardcover 1s i edilion 1967
The work is complete in three volumes:
VOLUME I
Synopsis of Javanese Literature, 900-1900 A.D.
VOLUME II
Descriptive Lists of Javanese Manuscripts in the
Library of the University of Leiden
and Other Public Collections in The N etherIands.
VOLUME III
Illustrations and Facsimiles of Manuscripts,
Maps, Addenda and a General Index of Names
and Subjects.
PREFACE
The present "Literature Qf Java, Catalogue Raisonne Qf Javanese Manuscripts"
is a publicatiQn of the Library Qf the University Qf Leiden. It is no.. IX Qf the
series "CQdices Manuscripti" published by this Library, and it is made available
tOo the public by the RQyal Institute Qf Linguistics and AnthropQoIDgy. Originally
the wQrk was Qnly meant to be a sequel tOo Dr H. H. Juynboll's "Supplement Dp
"den CatalQgus van de J avaansche en Madoereesche Handschriften der Leidsche
"Universiteits-BibliQtheek" in two volumes. The second volume appeared in 1911.
It soon became clear, hQwever, that this was the Dpportunity tOo publish an English
Catalogue which could be used as an introductiDn to the study Qf Javanese literature
mOore easily than the previQus Dutch catalQgues eQuId. It is a matter Qf fact that
Dr Juynboll and his predecessors wrQte their catalogues with the intentiDn of
prQviding infDrmatiDn on Javanese literature in general, and fDr several decades
their books did render excellent services tOo students Qf Javanese civilizatiQn.
The differences in structure between the older catalogues and the present bDOk
will be explained in the introduction to the second vQlume. In two vDlumes the
contents of the previDus catalQgues, increased by an equal quantity Qof new material,
has been rearranged according tOo a new system. The third volume, cDntaining
illustrations, facsimiles Df manuscripts, maps and a general index Df names and
subjects, is entirely new.
The author gratefully acknDwledges the facilities put at his disposal by the
Curators of the State University Df Leiden, the Librarian of the University Library,
the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Z.W.O.) Df The Hague
and the Royal Institute of Linguistics and AnthrDpology (KDninklijk Instituut VDor
Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde) of Leiden. He wishes to thank the librarians Df
collections Qutside Leiden who cDnsented tOo have their Javanese manuscripts
described in the present book. He expresses his great appreciation for suggestiQns
and advice given by cDlleagues wDrking in the field of IndDnesian philDIDgy and
fDr useful information found in their books. Especially he wishes tOo state his
indebtedness to the late prDfessor Raden Mas Ngabehi Dr Poerbatjaraka, Df
Djakarta, Java, whose text-editions and books on literature are indispensable fOor
students Df Javanese civilization.
The wOork of Mr J. Soegiarto, for more than thirty years assistant tOo the
professors Df Javanese in the University of Leiden, has been Df great use to. the
VIII PREFACE
author of the present book. The numerous romanized copies and summaries of
literary works made by Mr Soegiarto and duly registered in the Descriptive List
of Manuscripts are valued aids for the students of Javanese literature.
The author wants to make clear that the completion of "Literature of Java"
has been made possible by the never flagging industry of Mrs E. Andriessen-Liick,
whose clerical assistance has been invaluable through many years.
Dr R. Roolvink and Mr P. J. Worsley have kindly taken the trouble to correct
the English of the descriptive passages of the present book. They can rest assured
that their helpfulness is greatly appreciated.
Grateful for the help, both spiritual and material, received from many sides,
the author expresses the hope that "Literature of Java", the result of the col
laboration of many workers, both Javanese and Dutch, may be instrumental in
stimulating others to make more detailed investigations of the development of
culture in the Indian Archipelago.
NOTE:
The system of transliteration of Javanese, Balinese, Malay, Sanskrit and Arabic words
which is applied in the present book is explained in 00100 (Latin script).
The Leiden University Library never lends out original manuscripts or copies of manu
scripts which are registered as codexes in the Catalogue. The codexes may be inspected by
qualified students in the Reading Room, called Legatum Warnerianum, of the Library. Copies
on microfiches or microfilms, only positives, are made available at a reasonable rate to scholars
outside Leiden. Priority will be given to requests s.ent in by university libraries. When a Leiden
codex or a reproduction of a Leiden codex is used for a publication in any form (book, article
etc.), a free copy or off-print of such a publication should be presented to the University Library.
The Leiden University Library is, of course, not in the position to provide microcopies
of manuscripts belonging to other libraries. Applications for copies should be sent to the
librarians concerned. The lists of important collections of manuscripts in Java and Bali are
included in the present book only for information.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminary Historical Remarks on the
Literature of Java
paragraph page
00001 The Importance of Javanese Literature 1
00010 Javanese Literature and Javanese Civilization . 2
00020 Outline of the Development of Javanese Literature, Four Eras 4
00030 The Javanese Language, historically . 9
00035 Javanese Manners of Speech. 14
00040 Forms of Literature, Prose and Rhythmic Prose 14
00050 Poetry ruled by Indian Prosody . 16
00060 Poetic forms of indigenous origin, Popular Verse . 18
00070 Macapat Prosody . 20
00080 Javanese-Indian Script 24
00090 Arabic Script . 25
00100 Latin Script, transcription systems 27
00110 Orthography . 29
00120 Chronology 31
00130 Writing Material and Books . 33
00140 Books and Treatises on Javanese Literature, Bibliography. 37
00145 List of Abbreviations . 42
Synopsis of Javanese Literature,
900-1900 A.D.
00150 Introduction . 45
Part One: Religion and Ethics
10.000 Old Javanese Religious Literature. 47
10.010 ff. siwaitic speculative treatises with Sanskrit slokas . 51
10.200 f. Buddhist speculative treatises with Sanskrit slokas . 52
10.400 ff. Tuturs, Old Javanese siwaism . 52
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
paragraph page
10.600ff. Tuturs, Old Javanese Buddhism . 53
10.800ff. Non-Islamic religious texts from Java written in buda script;
Tet}ger manuscripts . 53
11.000 Javanese-Balinese Religious Literature (group A) . 55
11.010 ff. Speculative tuturs and books of notes of Javanese origin
(group A) 56
11.200 ff. Speculative tuturs and books of notes of Balinese origin
(group A) 56
11.400 Treatises on Ritual and Offerings (group B) . 59
11.41Off. siwaitic Ritual (group B) . 61
11.700 ff. Buddhist Ritual (group B) 63
11.800 Divine Worship; Mantras, slokas and Hymns, etc. (group C) . 63
11.810 ff. Sanskrit slokas (group C) 64
12.000 ff. Incantations and Prayers (group C) 65
12.200 ff. Yoga and Sa.m.adhi (group C) 66
12.400 ff. Exorcism (group C) . 67
12.600 ff. Devotional Practice, tapa brata (group C) . 68
12.800 ff. Religious Poetry, Songs (group C) . 69
13.000 Old Javanese and Javanese-Balinese Moralistic Literature (group D) 69
13.010 f. Buddhist Moralistic texts (group D) . 71
13.100 ff. Moralistic Maxims (group D) . 71
13.200 ff. Didactic treatises on Statecraft, Niti (group D) 71
13.400 ff. Moralistic Lessons (group D) 73
13.700 ff. Didactic and Moralistic Poetry (group D) . 74
14.000 The Beginning of the Islamic Period in Java; Javanese-Islamic
Mysticism (group A) . 76
14.010 ff. Sixteenth and seventeenth century treatises on Mysticism and
Theology (group A) . 81
14.200 ff. Old Islamic religious texts in buda script (group A) . 81
14.400 ff. Arabic texts and Theology and Mysticism with Javanese para-
phrases (group A) 81
14.600 ff. Opinions of Javanese Mystics (group A) . 83
14.800 ff. Mystic Compendiums, Mustaka Rafi<:a1t3 (group A) 84
14.900 ff. Mystic Songs. Suluks and popular Devotional Poetry (group A) 85
15.200 ff. Discussions on Mysticism in verse (group A) . 87
15.300 ff. Miscellaneous notes on Mysticism (group A) . 89
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
paragraph page
15.500 Islamic Religious Practice; Prayers and Incantations (group B) 91
15.510 f. Arabic Prayers with Javanese notes (group B) 92
15.600 ff. Javanese Incantations (group B) . 92
15.700 Orthodox Islamic Religious Instruction, Ritual and Theology
(group C) 94
15.710 I):ur'an with Javanese glosses (group C) . 94
15.800 ff. Textbooks, Arabic and Javanese (group C) 94
16.000 ff. Didactic poems and treatises on theology and law (group C) 95
16.200 Edifying and Didactic-moralistic Literature (group D) 97
16.210 ff. Eschatology and Messianic Expectations (group D) 97
16.400 ff. Edifying texts (group D) . 98
16.500 ff. Didactic-moralistic texts, Pasisir (group D) 99
16.600 ff. Allegoric Poems, Pasisir (group D) 101
16.800 Islam in Bali and Lombok (group E) . 102
16.810 ff. Islamic religious texts from Bali (group E) 102
16.900 ff. Islamic religious texts from Lombok (group E) 103
17.000 Didactic and Moralistic Literature slightly influenced by Islam
(group F) 104
17.010 ff. Paniti Sastra, moralistic maxims (group F) . 105
17.100 ff. Didactic Poetry, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (group F) 105
17.300 f. Didactic compendium on statecraft (group F) . 106
17.400 ff. Moralistic Lessons, Songs, moralistic Suluks (group F) 107
17.600 ff. Moralistic Poetry of the Pujat}gas (group F) . 107
17.800 ff. Moralistic Poetry of Yogyakarta origin (group F) . 109
18.200 ff. RCIJt3ga Warsita's school, prose (group F) . 109
18.400 ff. Didactic Poems by MCIJt3ku Nagara IV (group F) . 110
18.500 ff. Late nineteenth century didactic-moralistic texts (group F) . 111
19.000 Javanese Christion Literature. 111
19.010 ff. Bible, Javanese translations 112
19.100 ff. Christian texts, translated from Dutch originals 112
19.200 ff. Christian tracts, Kristen Jawa 113
Part Two: History and Mythology
20.000 Old Javanese Charters 114
20.010 ff. Original copperplates . 115