Synonymy of two genera (Eumayria and Trisoleniella) of cynipid gall wasps and description of a new genus, Eumayriella (Hymenoptera:Cynipidae)

10 Pages·1997·4.5 MB·

by  G Melika

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
99(4). 1997. pp. 666-675
SYNONYMY OF TWO GENERA (EUMAYRIA AND TRISOLENIELLA) OF
CYNIPID GALL WASPS AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS,
EUMAYRIELLA (HYMENOPTERA CYNIPIDAE)
:
George Melika and Warren G. Abrahamson
Department ofBiology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, U.S.A.; (GM) per-
manent address: Savaria Museum, Kisfaludy S.U. 9, Szombathely, 9701, Hungary.
—
Abstract. The genus Trisoleniella Rohwer and Fagan is a new synonym ofEumayria
Ashmead. A redescription of Eumayria and a key to species are given. Species included
in Eumayria are: E. bignelli (Dalla Torre and Kieffer), n. comb.; E. brevicornis (Beuten-
mueller), n. comb.; E. enigma (Weld), n. comb.; E. floridana Ashmead; and E. saltata
(Ashmead), n. comb. Eumayria enigma is probably the unisexual generation of E. flori-
dana. Two species previously placed in Eumayria are transferred to other genera: E.
longipennis (Ashmead) to Andricus (n. comb.) and E. invisa (Weld) to Eumayriella (n.
comb.). Eumayriella, n. gen., is described to include E. archboldi, n. sp., and E. invisa,
and it is compared to the closely related genus Eumayria.
Key Words: cynipoids, gall wasps, taxonomy, morphology, distribution, biology
The diagnostic features currently used in genera. The ancestral condition is probably
the keys to North American oak cynipid the simple tarsal claw since it appears in the
genera of the tribe Cynipini frequently in- majority of genera from the Aylacini. The
clude morphological characters that are authors will analyse this character in detail
variable and consequently are unable to dis- in another work.
tinguish different genera. These systematic Furthermore, the nomenclature used to
difficulties are the outcome of using inap- describe taxonomically important structures
propriate diagnostic characters for some in publications prior to the 1960s is incon-
genera. The presence or absence of a tooth sistent (Dailey and Menke 1980). Various
of the tarsal claws is the main diagnostic authors have used different terminology to
character used to divide all the Cynipini define the same morphological structure
into two large generic groups and the cur- and have employed the same term for dif-
rent systematic arrangement of the tribe is ferent structures. As a consequence, species
based primarily on this characters (Weld have been misunderstood and misidentified.
1952a). Ashmead (1886), in his earlier key Four species ofEumayria Ashmead were
to the genera of the Cynipidae did not use known, all from the United States: E. el-
this criterion; however, his later generic key doradensis (Beutenmueller), E. floridana
included this characteristic (Ashmead Ashmead, E. invisa Weld, and E. longipen-
1903). This morphological criterion is in- nis (Ashmead). Eumayria eldoradensis was
sufficient for all taxonomic distinctions. transferred into Callirhytis previously
The presence or absence oftooth on the tar- (Dailey et al. 1974), while E. longipennis
sal claw is likely a homoplasy and probably herein is transferred to Andricus. A com-
evolved independently in several Cynipini parison of the morphological criteria des-
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 667
ignated earlier as diagnostic for the sepa- mead, by monotypy. Preoccupied by Tri-
ration ofEumayria and Trisoleniella and an solenia Ehrenberg 1861 in Protozoa.
analysis of the types of Eumayria and Tri- New synonymy.
soleniella species, indicate that the two gen- Trisoleniella Rohwer and Fagan 1917: 377.
era are synonyms. Trisoleniella included New name for Trisolenia Ashmead.
the unisexual generations, while Eumayria —
contained the bisexual ones. Weld (1952a) Comments. The original descriptions of
wrote that Trisoleniella "may prove to be Eumayria and Trisoleniella were made by
asexual form oi Eumayria'". Consequently, Ashmead (1887). However, these descrip-
the four known species of Trisoleniella: tions lack sufficient precision and detail and
brevicornis (Beutenmueller), enigma do not include some important diagnostic
(Weld), bignelli (Dalla Torre and Kieffer), characters. Some of the characters used in
and saltata (Ashmead) are transferred to Ashmead's generic descriptions are found
Eumayria. Furthermore, an examination of in other genera as well. Too much attention
the morphological characteristics of the was paid to the description of antennae of
only known brachypterous species, E. in- males and females while important charac-
visa, showed marked differences fromthose ters of the head and thorax were not men-
of E. floridana as well as other known Tri- tioned. Finally, a redescription ofthe genus
soleniella species. These differences indi- is necessary in order to set new limits for
cate that E. invisa and E. archboldi, (new the genus because of synonymization of
species), must be separated into a new ge- Trisoleniella—to Eumayria.
Diagnosis. Head 1.5-1.7 times broader
nus Eumayriella.
We follow the current terminology for than long from above in bisexual generation
morphological structures (Eady and Quin- and 2.5-2.8 times broader than long in uni-
lan 1963, Fergusson 1995, Gibson 1985, sexual females; malar groove absent. Tho-
Menke 1993, Ritchie and Peters 1981, Ron- rax flattened dorsoventrally, not arching in
quist and Nordlander 1989). The term "tho- anterior part; scutum slightly longer than
rax" used here includes the propodeum and broad, finely coriaceous or macroscopically
thus is equivalent to the "mesosoma" or punctate, never transversely sculptured.
"mesosoma+metasoma" of American lit- Base of 2nd abdominal tergite with pale
erature. Abbreviations for fore wing vena- felt-like ring of dense short setae, inter-
tion follow Ronquist and Nordlander rupted dorsally (in males dense short pale
(1989). Measurements and abbreviations setae present only ventrally and ventroater-
used here include: F1-F12, 1st and conse- ally). See also the diagnostic criteria ofEu-
quent flagellomeres; POL (post-ocellar dis- mayriella below. —
tance) is the distance between the inner Redescription. Female. Head from
margins of the posterior ocelli; OOL (ocel- above equal or broader than thorax; 1.5-1.7
locular distance) is the distance from the times broader than long from above in bi-
outer edge ofa posterior ocellus to the inner sexual females (Fig. 1) and 2.5-2.8 times
margin of the compound eye. broaderthan long in unisexual females (Fig.
6); in front view head 1.2-1.3 times broader
Eumayria Ashmead than high. Gena broadened behind eye,
Eumayria Ashmead 1887: 147; Ashmead equal or broader than cross diameter ofeye.
1903: 153. Type species: Eumayriaflor- POL and OOL nearly equal. Occiput and
idana Ashmead, by monotypy. vertex finely coriaceous, while frons and
Trisolenia Ashmead 1887: 142: Ashmead gena dull rugose, frons with uniformly dis-
1903: 155; Dalla Torre and Kieffer 1910: tributed short white setae. Malar space
453 (as synonym of Andricus Hartig). slightly shorter than length of eye, without
Type species: Andricus saltatus Ash- groove, but with numerous striae radiating
668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 1-12. 1-5, Eumayriafloridcma. 1, Head from above. 2, Head in front view. 3, Gaster of female in
profile. 4, Thorax in dorsal view. 5, Male antenna. 6-9, E. enigma. 6, Head from above. 7, Head in front view.
8, Gaster offemale in profile. 9, Antenna. 10-12, Eumayriella archboldi. 10, Head in front view. 11, Antenna.
12, Thorax in dorsal view.
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 669
from mouthparts into malar space and frons ger than broad, never reaching beyond apex
(Figs. 2, 7); striae more distinct and thicker of gaster, with very few short scattered pale
in former Trisoleniella than in Eumayria setae never reaching beyond apex of spine.
floridana. Antenna 14-segmented in bisex- Unisexual females larger than bisexual
ual females and 15-16-segmented in uni- ones.
sexual females; in some E. floridana spec- Male. Only known male is that oiE.flor-
imens, suture separates 15th segment. Fl as idana. Antenna 17-segmented (in some
long as pedicel, scape as broad as long; F2 specimens indistinct suture suggests 18th
to F4 slightly longer than broad, subsequent segment), first three segments flattened, Fl
flagellomeres, except last one, subequal, slightly longer than pedicel and scape to-
nearly as broad as long (Fig. 9). Pronotum gether, strongly curved and enlarged pos-
in median dorsal line longer than usual, teriorly. All subsequent flagellomeres, ex-
with two very dense patches of white short cept last one, nearly ofsame length, slightly
setae on both sides of median dorsal line, longer than broad (Fig. 5). Fore wing mar-
collar of pronotum not emarginated, lie in gins with cilia, veins thick and brown. Gas-
same range as scutum, much broader than ter as long as head and thorax together; 2nd
usual for Cynipini (Fig. 4), and longitudi- abdominal tergite occupies entire length of
nally rugose. Scutum bare, very slightly gaster, subsequent tergites hidden under it.
longer than broad, finely alutaceous or mac- Otherwise, male—s similar to females.
roscopically punctate, never transversely Distribution. Eastern and midwestem
sculptured; notauli usually reaching prono- United States. Three species are known
tum; parapsidal, anterior parallel and me- only from Florida: E. floridana, E. enigma,
dian lines present, latter distinct at least and E. saltata. Eumayria brevicornis and E.
over posterior two thirds. Scutellum bare, bignelli are known from New York and
equal or very slightly longer than broad, New Jersey; the galls they induce are un-
rounded posteriorly, disk dull rugose; fo- known. —
veae deep, with shiny, more finely sculp- Biology. Eumayria floridana is known
tured bottom. Mesepistemum longitudinally only from a bisexual generation and induc-
rugose, posterior third smooth, shiny, with es stem swelling-like galls, while the four
very finely rugose sculpture. Propodeum other species have only unisexual genera-
with smooth, bare and shiny median portion tions.
limited by distinct carinae, converging
slightly outwards in the middle. Sides of Key to Species of Eumayria and
propodeum bearing dense white setae. Fore eumayriella
wing margins without cilia, veins thick,
dark brown, areolet indistinct, very small, 1. Fully winged; 2nd abdominal tergite with felt-
like ring of dense short pale setae at base, in-
triangular. Base of 2nd abdominal tergite
terrupted dorsally 3
with pale felt-like ring of dense short setae, - Brachypterous females; without ring of dense
interrupted dorsally. In E. floridana gaster short pale setae at base of 2nd abdominal ter-
longer than high, 2nd abdominal tergite oc- gite 2
cupies at least % of gaster length in dorsal 2. Frons without or with very few short scattered
white setae; scutum and scutellum slightly
view; only posterior Vs to Va finely punctate elongated; notaulireachingpronotum; Fl equal
while remainder smooth (Fig. 3). In former or slightly longer than pedicel and scape to-
Trisoleniella species gaster nearly as long gether; small species, length 2.3-3.2 mm. . . .
as high or only very slightly longer, 2nd Eumayriella invisa (Weld)
abdominal tergite occupies only % ofgaster - Frons with dense white, longsetae; scutumand
scutellum rounded, nearly asbroadas long; no-
length and finely punctate (Fig. 8) (shape of
tauli present at least in posteriorhalf, thesculp-
gaster could depend on size of egg mass). ture of scutum hidden under dense white pu-
Ventral spine of hypopygium narrow, lon- bescence; Fl distinctly longerthan pedicel and
670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
scape together; larger species, length 4.0-5.2 Trisoleniella brevicomis: Weld 1951: 644.
mm Eumayriella archboldi, n. sp. —
3. Male; Fl curved andbroadened in itsposterior Diagnosis. Closely resembles E. saltata
half Ewnayriaflohdana Ashmead and E. enigma, however, antenna 14-seg-
- Female 4 mented while in E. enigma and E. saltata
4. Headbroaderthan thorax, 1.5-1.7 timesbroad- antennae 15-16 segmented; scutum densely
er than long from above; scutum finely aluta-
and uniformly punctate; body black or dark
ceous; antenna 14-segmented; small species
Eumayriafloridana Ashmead brown. —
- Head as broad as thorax, 2.5-2.8 timesbroader Distribut—ion. New Jersey.
thanlongfromabove;scutum finelyalutaceous Biology. Unisexual females only are
ordenselymacroreticulate;antenna 14—16-seg- known. Galls are unknown. Observed ovi-
mented; large specimens, at least 4-5 mm. in
positing in the buds of Quercus alba L.
length; 5
5. Antenna 14-segmented; scutum densely and (Beutenmueller 1913b).
uniformly punctate; body black or dark brown
Eumayria brevicomis (Beutenmueller) Eumayriafloridana Ashmead
- Antenna 15-16 segmented 6 Eumayria floridana Ashmead 1887: 133,
6. Antenna 15-segmented; known to induce root
galls Eumayria enigma (Weld) 147. Females, males, galls. Types exam-
- Antenna 16-segmented 8 ined.
I
8. Scutum very finely and uniformly coriaceous Eumayria multiarticulata Ashmead 1887:
Eumayria saltata (Ashmead) 133 (name proposed unnecessarily; de-
- Scutum with much moredull sculpture atbasal scription of galls according to those ofE.
end .Eumayria bignelli (Dalla Torre and Kieffer)
. floridana); Dalla Torre and Kieffer 1910:
601; Weld 1921: 230 (as a synonym of
Eumayria bignelli (Dalla Torre and E. floridana); Burks 1979: 1107 (in un-
Kieffer), New Combination placed species of Cynipoidea).
Trisolenia punctata Ashmead 1896: 129. Diagnosis.—Head broader than thorax,
i
Preoccupied in Andricus by Bignelli only 1.5-1.7 times broader than long from
1892. Types examined. |
above, antenna 14-segmented, while in all
Andricus bignelli Dalla Torre and Kieffer other species ofgenus head as broad as tho-
1902: 61. New name for Trisoleniapunc- rax and 2.5-2.8 times broader than long
tata Ashmead. from above, and antenna 15-16 segmented.
Amphibolips montana Beutenmueller
On basis of galls only, difficult to distin-
1913a: 122; Weld 1951: 644 (synonym of guish from some Loxaulus galls and those
punctata). Type examined.
of Bassettiafloridana. Typically galls ofE.
Trisoleniella punctata: Weld 1951: 644
floridana are larger swellings than those
(secondary homonym).
produced by above-mentioned species.
—
Diagnosis. Closely resemblesE. saltata Reared adults and knowledge of host oak
in having 16-segmented antenna, however, are critical to c—orrect identification.
basal end of scutum with duller sculpture Distribution. Indiana, Illinois, Arkan-
than that of E. —saltata. sas, Texas,—Virginia, Florida. j
Distribution. New York, New Jersey. Biology. Only a bisexual generation is '
—
Biology. Unisexual females only are known. Induces stem-swelling galls at the
known. The galls and the host associations base of young sprouts of Quercus coccinea
are unknown. Muench., Q. falcata Michx., Q. ilicifolia
Wangenh., Q. incana Bartr., Q. laurifolia
Eumayria brevicornis (Beutenmueller), Michx., Q. myrtifolia Willd., Q. rubra L.,
New Combination
Q. texana, Q. velutina Lam. (Weld 1921,
Andricus brevicornis Beutenmueller 1913b: 1959). Adults emerge in May through Au-
245. Type examined. gust.
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 671
—
Eumayria enigma (Weld), Biology. Unisexual females only are
New Combination known. Induces bud galls on Quercusfal-
Callirhytis enigma Weld 1921: 219. Fe- cata (Weld 1951), Q. laevis, Q. incana
males and galls. Types examined. (Ashmead 1887; Weld 1951, 1959), Q. rub-
Trisoleniella enigma: Weld 1951: 644. ra (Weld 1926). Galls in March - April,
— adults in April (Ashmead 1887, Weld
Diagnosis. Similar to E. saltata, how- 1926).
ever female antennae with 15 and not 16
segments. Location of galls and host oaks Species Transferred from Eumayria
different for the two speci—es. Andricus longipennis (Ashmead),
Taxonomic comments. Morphological New Combination
characteristics of the adults suggest that E.
Neuroterus longipennis Ashmead 1887:
enigma could be a unisexual generation of
E.floridana. It differs fromfloridana in that 140. Type examined.
Eumayria longipennis: Weld 1951: 644.
the head as broad as the thorax, while in
—
floridana the head is broader than the tho- Comments. The type for this species is
rax. The only other morphological differ- a male and bears the labels "Jacksonville,
ences between these two species are the Fla.", "Collection Ashmead", red label
number ofantennal segments (14 in £".flor- "Type No. 2873 USNM", and a handwrit-
idana and 15 in £". enigma), and the shape ten label ''Neuroterus longipennis Ashm."
ofthe gaster and particularly that ofthe 2nd Ashmead described the female and the gall
abdominal tergite. Otherwise they are iden- "from eight specimens bred May, 1886"
tical. — (Ashmead 1886). The description, given by
Distribution. Illinois, Texas, Virginia, Ashmead (1887) does not agree with this
Louisiana,—Florida. specimen. Yet, this is the only specimen of
Biology. Unisexual females only are this species that we were able to find in the
known. Induce root galls on Quercus laevis USNM collection. However, L. Weld indi-
Walt., Q. myrtifolia, Q. nigra L., Q. rubra, cated in his personal catalog (a copy of
Q. texana (Weld 1921, 1959). Aduh emer- which was kindly sent to us by Dr R. J.
gence date is unknown. Adults can be dis- Lyon) that, in addition to the type, there
sected from galls by the beginning of No- were two wasps and one gall in an old case
vember in Florida (Weld 1921). in the USNM and that the collection of
American Entomological Society had 3
Eumayria saltata (Ashmead),
New Combination wasps. In his catalog L. Weld wrote: "Type
in USNM has head massive, not broadened
Andricus (Trisolenia) saltatus Ashmead
behind eyes, no malar groove, ant. 16-seg.
—
1887: 142. Females and galls. Types ex- ." these characters were the basis on
. .
amined. which Weld moved the species into Eumay-
Trisolenia saltata: Ashmead 1903: 155. ria. The term "head from above massive",
Andricus saltatus: Dalla Torre and Kieffer which Weld (1952) defined as a head with
1910: 549. a "length at least half width" from above,
Trisoleniella—saltata: Weld 1951: 644. is too imprecise for taxonomic purposes.
Diagnosis. The galls are very specifi- For instance, there are bisexual Andricus
cally shaped, easily distinguished by the species {A. crispator Tschek, A. quercus-
gall alone. For adults, see the key to the calicis Burgds, A. quercuspetiolicola
species and diagnosis of E. bignelli, E. (Bass.)) and several North American Cal-
brevicornis. — lirhytis species known to have "massive
Distribution. North Carolina, Florida head", 1.8-2.0 times only broader than
(Jacksonville, Ocala - Weld 1926, 1951). long. A precise ratio of length and width
672 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
must be given to avoid confusion. Eumay- teras thorax arched in anterior one-third;
riafloridana has a head only 1.5-1.7 times pronotum dorsally much shorter and not in
broader than long, which can never be same plane as scutum; each scutum and
found in Andricus or Callirhytis species. scutellum as long as broad; head narrower
—
The two other characters genae notb—road- or equal to thorax; antennae short, F2 near-
ened behind eyes, no malar groove are ly equal Fl. Eumayriella also closely re-
present in many genera. Antenna of the sembles Eumayria, but head more trans-
male ofN. longipennis type is 16-segment- verse in front view and from above (2.3-
ed, while in E. floridana it is 17- or even 3.0 times broader than high, while in bisex-
18-segmented. The presence or absence of ual Eumayria only—1.5-1.7 times and in
the tooth on tarsal claws, as we mentioned unisexual Eumayria 2.5—2.8 times; malar
above, is likely a homoplasy; consequently, space without radiating striae; antenna fili-
it is a character of no generic importance. form, long, 14-segmented, Fl substantially
An examination of Neuroterus longipennis longer than pedicel and scape together; all
type (male) showed that it is not a Eumay- flagellomeres much longer than broad. Scu-
ria species. It belongs instead to the genus tum and scutellum longer than broad, with
Andricus in a group of species known to dense white setae, without median and an-
induce stem-swelling galls. Several North terior parallel lines; distinctly emarginated
American species from the current Calli- laterally and partially posteriorly too; scu- ,
rhytis genus eventually must be transferred tellum without foveae, with transverse de- |
to this group as—well. pression along scutoscutellar suture; apical
Distribution. Florida (Jacksonville)
one-third of scutellum gradually depressed
(Ashmead—1887, Weld 1951). toward apex and narrowed into point that
Biology. Only the male is known. In- joins scutum along median dorsal part;
duces stem-swelling galls (Ashmead 1887)
while posterior one-third of scutellar disk
on Quercus laurifolia (Ashmead 1887) and
highest part, strongly convex; sculpture of
Q. phellos L. (Weld 1959). Aduhs emerge
scutellar disk very finely punctate, posterior
in May.
one-fourth rugose. In Eumayria head nearly
Eumayriella Melika and Abrahamson, as high as broad, malar space and partially
New Genus frons with radiating striae; antennae much
—
Type species. Eumayria invisa Weld shorter, Fl as long as pedicel, scape as
broad as long; F2 to F4 slightly longer than
(1952b). Holotype (No. 60123) and six
USNM broad, subsequent flagellomeres, except last
paratypes in t—he [examined].
Etymology. The genus is named in hon- one, subequal, nearly as broad as long; scu-
tellum with foveae, posterior part of disk
or of Dr. Gus—tav Mayr.
Diagnosis. Fore wing never reaching never convex; posteriorly rounded and with
beyond apex of gaster Closely resembles dull rugose sculpture; scutum and scutellum
brachypterous species of Trichoteras Ash- bare, without dense white setae. Second ab-
mead: T. coquilletti Ashmead and T. tubi- dominal segment in Eumayriella without
faciens (Weld). However, in Eumayriella, pale felt-like ring of dense short setae at
thorax flattened dorso-ventrally; pronotum base, while Eumayria with such ring. Last
dorsally much longer, placed in same plane character also used for separation ofseveral
as scutum; scutum and scutellum pubes- genera ofEucoilidae (Cynipoidea) (Quinlan
cent, each longer than broad, scutoscutellar 1986). —
suture distinct, scutellum without foveae; Description. See descriptions of E. in-
head broader than thorax from above, 2.3- visa and E. arc—hboldi.
3.0 times broader than high; antenna fili- Distributi—on. Florida.
form, F2 shorter than Fl; while in Tricho- Biology. Only females are known.
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 673
Galls in a form of chambers, hidden under ited by two distinct carinae converging
the bark of twigs. gradually and slightly inward. Gaster slight-
ly longer than high, base of 2nd abdominal
Eumayriella archboldi Melika and
tergite without ring ofpale setae, occupying
Abrahamson, New Species
nearly half length of gaster; 3rd to 6th ter-
(Figs. 10-12) gites visible and finely punctate dorsally
Description. Unisexual female. Entire and dorsolaterally. Ventral spine of hypo-
body red brown, except for black proepi- pygium very slightly reaching beyond apex
sternum and propodeum. Head from above of gaster, narrow, needle-like, with very
much broader than thorax, 3 times broader few and short pale setae, neverreaching be-
than long; in front view transverse (Fig. yond apex of—spine. Length 3.1-3.6 mm.
10). Occiput, vertex, gena, and frons uni- Diagnosis. Frons with dense white long
formly finely punctate, frons with dense setae while in E. invisa without/or with
short pale setae. POL only slightly longer barely visible, very few, short scatteredpale
than OOL; gena broadened behind eye, setae. Scutum rounded, nearly as broad as
nearly as broad as diameter of eye; malar long; notauli present at least in posterior
space uniformly finely punctate, without half, sculpture of scutum hidden under
groove and radiating striae; nearly 4 times dense white pubescence while in E. invisa
shorter than length of eye; clypeus de- scutum slightly elongated, notauli distinctly
pressed, rounded anteriorly. Antenna long, reach pronotum. Fl much longer than ped-
filiform, 14-segmented in holotype, how- icel and scape together, while in E. invisa
ever indistinct suture in paratypes suggests Fl equal or only slightly longer than pedi-
15th segment. Pedicel and scape flattened, cel and scape together and body much
Fl longer than pedicel and scape together, smaller t—han in E. archboldi.
subsequent flagellomeres distinctly longer Types. Holotype 9. Paratypes two 9.
than broad, gradually shortened toward end Type locality. Archbold Biological Station,
(Fig. 11). Pronotum in median dorsal line Lake Placid, Highlands Co., FL, adults
longer than usual, only 7 times shorter than trapped on 4 January 1988 (coll. MarkDey-
length of scutum; in same range as scutum, rup). Holotype in the USNM, Washington,
not arched. Sides ofpropodeum densely pu- DC, 2 paratype 9 in the private collection
bescent, distinctly visible dorsally, much of G. Melika.—
broader than usual in Cynipini (Fig. 12). Etymology. The species named in the
Scutum smooth, shiny, with areas very fine- honor of Mr. Richard Archbold, founder of
ly coriaceously sculptured, especially lat- the Archbold Bio—logical Station.
erally, densely pubescent; as broad as long, Distribution. Florida (Archbold Bio-
with notauli reaching pronotum (in type logical Station, Lake Placid, Highlands
specimen) or present at least in posterior Co.). —
two thirds. Scutum without median and an- Biology. Only females are known.
terior parallel lines; emarginated laterally. Adults emerge in December-January.
Scutellum emarginated posteriorly and lat-
erally, with very indistinct foveae; finely Eumayriella invisa (Weld),
New Combination
coriaceous, densely pubescent, distinctly
longer than broad; posterior one-third of Eumayria invisa Weld 1952b: 335. Females
scutellar disk highest part, strongly arched. and galls. Types examined.
Fore wing narrow, barely reaching apex of
—
gaster, with thick brown veins, with cilia on Diagnosis. See diagnosis to E. arch-
margins. Legs slightly lighter than body, boldi. Difficult to distinguish this species on
uniformly brown. Propodeum black, medi- the basis of galls alone. Galls similar to
an part shiny, bare, with strong striae, lim- those caused by Callirhytis crypta (Ashm.),
674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Bassettia floridana. Adult wasps are nec- tions ofthe American Entomological Society 14:
125-158.
essCaormymfeonrtspr.e—cisWeeidednotifnioctatiporno.vide a de- . 1896. Descriptions of new cynipidous galls II
and gall wasps in the United States National Mu-
scription of E. mvisa because it was de- seum. Proceedings of the United States National
scribed precisel—y by Weld (1952a). Museum 19: 113-136.
Distribution. Florida (Carrabelle-type . 1903. Classificationofthegall-wasps andthe
locality-Weld 1952b; Archbold Biological parasitic cynipoids, or the superfamily Cynipoi-
Station, Lake Placid, Highlands Co.; Jona- dea. III. Psyche 10: 140-155.
Beutenmueller, W. 1913a. A new species ofAmphi-
than Dickin—son State Park, Martin Co.). bolips (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). InsecutorInsci-
Biology. Only a unisexual generation is tiae Mestruus 1: 122-123.
known. Induces stem galls in the form of . 1913b. Descriptions of new Cynipidae. 1
small larval cells hidden under the bark, Transactions of the American Entomological So- y
usually without external evidence ofgalling ciety 39: 243-248.
on Querciis myrtifolia. Adults were dis- Burks, B. D. 1979. Superfamily Cynipoidea, pp.
sected from galls in November (Weld D1.04R5.-1S1m0i7t.h,InanKdroBm.beDi.n,BuKr.ksV,.,edRs..D.CaHtuarldo.gJro.f, j
1952b). Adults emerge in January in south- Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol-
central Florida (personal observation). ume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian In- i
stitution Press, Washington, DC. I
Acknowledgments Dailey, D. C. and A. S. Menke. 1980. Nomenclatorial
notes on North American Cynipidae (Hymenop-
We express our deepest appreciation to J. tera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 56: 170-174.
Fitzpatrick for his support of our work at Dailey, D. C, T. Perry, and C. M. Sprenger. 1974.
the Archbold Biological Station, M. Deyrup Biology of three Callirhytis gall wasps from Pa- j
for providing laboratory space and support, cific slope Erythrobalanus oaks. The Pan-Pacific '
and C. Abrahamson for extensive field and Entomologist 50: 60-67.
technical assistance. We also thank R. Lyon DallaTorre. K. W. von and J. J. Kieffer. 1902. Genera
Insectorum, Hymenoptera, Cynipidae. Bruxelles,
for suggestions and comments. We thank J. P. Wytsman. 84 pp.
Abrahamson, R. Bowman, G. Csoka, R. Dalla Torre, K. W. von and J. J. Kieffer 1910. Cy-
Hammer, A. Johnson, L Kralick, R. Peet, R. nipidae. Das Tierreich. Berlin: Friedlander & j
Roberts, P. Schmaltzer, A. Schotz, C. Wine- Sohn 24, 891 pp. I
garner, and M. Winegarner for field and Eady, R. D. and J. Quinlan. 1963. Handbooks forthe
technical assistance. Our special thanks to I8d1enptpi.fication ofBritish insects. London. VIII(la), i
A. S. Menke for his valuable suggestions Fergusson, N. D. M. 1995. The cynipoid families, pp. j
and support during our work in the National 247-265. //; Hanson, R E. and I. D. Gauld eds..
Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford, New
Institution (USNM), Washington, DC. Sup- York, Tokyo, Oxford University Press.
port was provided to GM and WGA by Gibson, G. A. P. 1985. Some pro- and mesothoracic
structures important for phylogenetic analysis of
Bucknell University's David Burpee en- Hymenoptera, with areview ofterms used forthe
dowment, the Archbold Biological Station, structures. Canadian Entomologist 117: 1395-
a National Museum of Natural History, 1443.
Smithsonian Institution grant to GM, and Menke, A. 1993. Notauli and parapsidal lines: just
NSF grant BSR-9107150 to WGA. Quinlwahna,tJ.are19t8h6e.y?ASpkheyectoost2h4e:Af9r-o1t2r.opical generaof
Literature Cited Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera), with a revision ofcer-
tain genera. Bulletin ofthe British Museum (Nat-
Ashmead, W. H. 1886. Synopsis of the North Amer- ural History) 52, 366 pp.
ican Sub-families and Genera of Cynipidae. Ritchie, A. J. and T M. Peters. 1981. The external
Transactions of the American Entomological So- morphology of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera:
ciety 13: 59-64. Cynipidae, Cynipinae). Annals ofthe Entomolog-
. 1887. On the Cynipidous galls of Florida, ical Society ofAmerica 74: 191-199.
with descriptions ofnew species and synopses of Rohwer, S. A. and M. M. Fagan. 1917. The type-
the described species ofNorth America. Transac- species of the genera of the Cynipoidea, or the
VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 675
gall wasps and parasiticcynipoids. Proceedingsof In Muesebeck, C. E W., K. V. Krombein, and H.
the United States National Museum 53: 357-380. K. Townes, eds., Hymenoptera ofAmerica North
Ronquist, F. and G. Nordlander. 1989. Skeletal mor- of Mexico. United States Department ofAgricul-
phology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes ture, Agricultural Monograph No. 2.
(Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Entomologica Scandi- . 1952a. Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950 being
navica. Supplement 33: 1-60. asupp—lementtothe DallaTorreandKieffermono-
Weld, L. H. 1921. American gallflies of the family graph the Cynipidae in Das Tierreich, Lieferung
Cynipidae producing subterranean galls on oak. 24, 1910. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Privately printed.
Proceedings of the United States National Muse- 351 pp.
um 59: 187-246. . 1952b. New American cynipid wasps from
. 1926. Field notes on gall-inhabiting cynipid galls. Proceedings of the United States National
wasps with descriptions ofnew species. Proceed- Museum 102: 315-342.
ingsofthe United States National Museum68: 1- . 1959. Cynipid galls of the Eastern United
131. States. Ann Arbor, Michigan, Privately printed.
. 1951. SuperfamilyCynipoidea, pp. 594-654. 124 pp.