Symposium in Immunology V: Antiviral Immunity

181 Pages·1996·3.79 MB·English

by  H. Pircher

Symposium in Immunology V
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Budapest
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Santa Clara
Singapore
Tokyo
M. M. Eibl C. Huber
H. H. Peter U. Wahn (Eds.)
Symposium in Immunology V
Antivirallmmunity
With 34 Figures and 25 Tables
Springer
Prof. Dr. MARTHA M. EIBL
Institut für Immunologie der Universität Wien
Borschkegasse 8 a
1090 Wien
Austria
Prof. Dr. CHRISTOPH HUBER
Department of Hematology
Johannes Gutenberg Universität
Langenbeckstr. 1
55131 Mainz
Germany
Prof. Dr. HANS H. PETER
Abteilung für Rheumatologie und
Klinische Immunologie
Medizinische Universitätsklinik
Hugstetter Str. 55
79106 Freiburg
Germany
Prof. Dr. ULRICH WAHN
Pädiatrische Pneumologie und Immunologie
Universitäts-Klinikum Rudolf-Virchow
Standort Charlottenburg
Heubnerweg 6
14059 Berlin
Germany
ISBN-13:978-3-540-60061-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-79896-2
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-79896-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Symposium in Immunology (5th: 1995 : Strasbourg, France) Symposium in Immunology V: antiviral immu
nity 1 M.M. Eibl ... let al.] (eds.). p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-540-60061-2
(softcover : alk. paper). - ISBN 3-540-60061-2 (softcover : alk. paper). 1. Virus diseases - Immunological
aspects - Congresses. 2. Virus diseases - Immunotherapy - Congresses. l. Eibl. Martha M. Il. Title. [DNLM:
1. Immunity - congresses. 2. Interferons - therapeutic use. 3. Communicable Diseases - therapy - congres
ses. 4. Immunotherapy - congresses. QW 540 S989s 1996] RCl4.5.S845 1995 616.9'25079 - dC20 DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 95-51123
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Contents
Basics
Immunity or Tolerance of T Cells Induced by Peptides
H. PIRCHER, P. AICHELE ................ . 1
Molecular Anatomy of Autoimmune Disease
M. B. A. OLDSTONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Control of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression
by Interferon Regulatory Factor-l:
Implications for Host Resistance to Bacteria and Viruses
J. VILCEK, J. GERECITANO, A. R. GOODMAN, M. BOSLAND, and R. KAMIJO 19
Role of Complement in HIV and SIV Pathogenesis and Immunity
D. C. MONTEFIORI .......................... 31
The Cytolytic T Cell Response to HIV-l
J. LIEBERMAN .............. . 55
Clinics
Type 11 Cryoglobulinemia: Therapeutic Role of ex-Interferon
R. MISIANI .......................... . 65
Interferon Therapy ofViral Hepatitis
G. GERKEN, P. KNOLLE, and K.-H. MEYER ZUM BÜSCHENFELDE 77
Interferon-Induced Mx Proteins
in Host Defense Against Tick-Borne Orthomyxoviruses
O. Haller, M. Frese ................... . 91
Cytomegalovirus Disease: Hemopoietic Recovery and Immune Control
of Pulmonary Infection After Bone Marrow Transplantation
M. J. REDDEHASE ............................ 101
Modern Virus Diagnosis - Diagnostic or Testing Service?
C. R. MADELEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
VI Contents
Therapy/Prevention
Hepatitis C: Immunity and the Immune Response
D. W. BRADLEY • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • 123
Childhood Vaccinations in Europe
N. GUERIN .•••••••••••• 135
Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Encephalitis
and the Impact of Vaccination on the Incidence of Disease
C.KUNZ ••.••..••..•...•••.••..•••. 143
DNA Immunization in an Arenavirus Model
J. L. WHITTON, M. YOKOYAMA, and J. ZHANG •• 151
Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patient Populations
M. M. EIBL, H. M. WOLF 165
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Contributors
P.AICHELE
Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, University of Zurich,
Schmelzbergstr. 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
M.BoSLAND
Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Medical Center,
550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
D. W. BRADLEY
2938 Kelly Court, N.E., Lawrenceville, GA 30244-5718, USA
M.M.EIBL
Institute of Immunology, University of Vienna,
Borschkegasse 8 a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
M. FRESE
Abteilung Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie
und Hygiene, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität,
Hermann-Herder-Str. 11,79008 Freiburg, Germany
J.
GERECITANO
Department of Microbiology, NYU Medical Center,
550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
G. GERKEN
I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik,
Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz,
Langenbeckstr. I, 55101 Mainz, Germany
A.R.GooDMAN
Department of Microbiology, NYU Medical Center,
550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
N. GUERIN
Centre International de l'Enfance, Chäteau de Longchamp,
Bois de Boulogne, 75016 Paris, France
VIII Contributors
O. HALLER
Abteilung Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie
und Hygiene, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität,
Hermann-Herder-Str. 11,79008 Freiburg, Germany
R.KAMIJO
Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku,
Tokyo 145, Japan
P. KNOLLE
I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik,
Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz,
Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
C. KUNZ
Institut für Virologie, Universität Wien,
Kinderspitalgasse 15,1090 Wien, Austria
J.
LIEBERMAN
The Center for Blood Research, 800 Huntington Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
C. R. MADELEY
Department ofVirology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne &
The Royal Victoria Infirmary,
Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI4LP, UK
K.-H. MEYER ZUM BÜSCHENFELDE
I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik,
Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz,
Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
R. MISIANI
Divisione Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo,
Largo Barozzi 1, 24128 Bergamo, Italy
D. C. MONTEFIORI
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center,
P.O. Box 2926, Durham, NC 27710, USA
Contributes IX
M. B. A. OLDSTONE
Division ofVirology, Department of Neuropharmacology,
The Scripps Research Institute,
10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
H. PIRCHER
Abteilung Immunologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie
und Hygiene, Universität Freiburg,
Hermann-Herder-Str.l, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
J.
M. REDDEHAsE
Institut für Virologie der Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz,
Hochhaus am Augustusplatz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
J.
VILCEK
Department of Microbiology, MSB 238, NYU Medical Center,
550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
J. L. WHITTON
Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN 9,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road,
La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
H.M.WOLF
Institute of Immunology, University ofVienna,
Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
M.YOKOYAMA
Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN 9,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road,
La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
J.
ZHANG
Department of Neuropharmacology, CVN 9,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road,
La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Immunity or Tolerance of T Cells Induced by Peptides
H. PIRCHER and P. AICHELE
Introduction
Exposure of lymphocytes to antigen normally results in activation, donal
expansion, and acquisition of effector cell function. Pioneering experiments
by MITCHISON in 1964 [1], however, revealed that the antigen dose plays an
important role in deciding whether protein administration induces or down
regulates an immune response. Since then, several additional factors such as
route and frequency of antigen delivery, use of adjuvants, and kinetics of
antigen release have been identified which determine whether antigen
challenge activates or tolerizes lymphocytes.
It is now weIl established that T cells recognize prot ein antigens in the
form of processed peptides presented by MHC dass I or dass 11 molecules
[2-4]. This has opened the possibility of using synthetic peptides for activa
tion of T cells in antitumor therapy or as vaccines to confer antiviral protee
tion [5-9]. Recent reports, however, have also revealed that administration of
peptides may lead to T cell tolerance [10-12]. Peptide-induced tolerance may
thus represent a tool for the in vivo modulation of mature peripheral T cells
wh ich are crucially involved in transplant rejection, graft versus host disease,
and autoimmune reactions. To understand the mechanism of peptide-in
duced T cell tolerance and to test the potency of this method in animal
models it is important to define protocols for peptide applications which
either result in priming or tolerance of mature T cells.
We have addressed these questions using a synthetic peptide (= GP33-
peptide) derived from the glycoprotein (GP aa33-41) of the lymphocytic
choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) as a model antigen. The GP33-peptide is
bound by MHC dass I molecules (H-2Db) and is recognized by CD8 + cyto
toxic T cells [13].
The LCMV infection of mice has been studied by scientists for over half a
century and has led to dassical immunological concepts such as the "donal
selection theory" by BURNET [14] or the "major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) restriction" by ZINKERNAGEL and DOHERTY [15]. LCMV is a natural
pathogen for mice, is not cytopathic in vivo, and is weIl characterized at the
molecular level. A virus carrier status can be established by neonatal in-
Symposium in Immunology V
EibllHuber/Peter/Wahn (Eds.)
© Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996