Symmetry, Spectroscopy, and Crystallography: The Structural Nexus PDF
Preview Symmetry, Spectroscopy, and Crystallography: The Structural Nexus
RobertGlaser Symmetry,Spectroscopy,and Crystallography RelatedTitles Zhu,H. Fleming,I. OrganicStereochemistry MolecularOrbitalsand ExperimentalandComputational OrganicChemicalReactions- Methods ReferenceEdition 2015 2010 PrintISBN:978-3-527-33822-1;alsoavailable PrintISBN:978-0-470-74658-5;alsoavailable inelectronicformats inelectronicformats ISBN:978-0-470-68949-3 Günther,H. NMRSpectroscopy Berova,N.,Woody,R.W.,Polavarapu,P., Nakanishi,K.(eds.) BasicPrinciples,Concepts,and ApplicationsinChemistry ComprehensiveChiroptical Spectroscopy 3rdEdition ApplicationsinStereochemicalAnalysis 2013 PrintISBN:978-3-527-33004-1;alsoavailable ofSyntheticCompounds,Natural inelectronicformats Products,andBiomolecules 2012 Zolotoyabko,E. PrintISBN:978-1-118-01292-5;alsoavailable BasicConceptsof inelectronicformats Crystallography 2011 PrintISBN:978-3-527-33009-6;alsoavailable inelectronicformats Hermann,K. CrystallographyandSurface Structure AnIntroductionforSurfaceScientists andNanoscientists 2011 PrintISBN:978-3-527-41012-5;alsoavailable inelectronicformats RobertGlaser Symmetry, Spectroscopy, and Crystallography TheStructuralNexus TheAuthor AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHare carefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors, Prof.Dr.RobertGlaser editors,andpublisherdonotwarrantthe Ben-GurionUniversityoftheNegev informationcontainedinthesebooks, DepartmentofChemistry includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors. 84105Beer-Sheva Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat Israel statements,data,illustrations,procedural detailsorotheritemsmayinadvertently beinaccurate. Aboutthecompanionwebsite LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedfor BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Data Acataloguerecordforthisbookis availablefromtheBritishLibrary. 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PrintISBN:978-3-527-33749-1 ePDFISBN:978-3-527-68420-5 ePubISBN:978-3-527-68421-2 MobiISBN:978-3-527-68414-4 oBookISBN:978-3-527-68419-9 CoverDesign Formgeber,Mannheim, Germany TypesettingSPiGlobal,Chennai,India PrintingandBinding MarkonoPrint MediaPteLtd,Singapore Printedonacid-freepaper ToDarlingYael:awomanofvalor(EshetHayil). VII Contents FromtheAuthor’sDesk XIII 1 Symmetry/Pseudosymmetry:ChiralityinMolecules,inNature,andin theCosmos 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 RudimentaryGroupTheory,Isometry,andSymmetry 4 1.3 AsymmetricversusChiral:TheI-SymmetryofViralCapsids 7 1.4 TheBirthofChiralityasaChemicalConcept 9 1.5 ApparentSymmetry(High-FidelityPseudosymmetry)andthe QuantificationofDistortionfromtheIdeal 11 1.6 ChiralityinFormandArchitecture:SymmetryversusBroken Symmetry 16 1.7 ChiralityinNature:TropicalStorms,Gastropods(Shells),and Fish 17 1.8 ExtraterrestrialMacroscaleChirality:SpiralGalaxies,MartianSand Devils,JovianGreatRedSpot,Neptune’sGreatDarkSpot,and VenusianSouth-PoleCloudVortex 20 1.9 AnalysesofAminoAcidChiralityinExtraterrestrialSampleswith Gas–LiquidChromatographyChiralColumns 23 2 EnantiospecificityofPheromones,Sweeteners,Fragrances,and Drugs 25 2.1 EnantiospecificityofPheromones,Sweeteners,andFragrances 25 2.2 TheImportanceofChiralityinDrugTherapy 27 3 BondingParametersandtheEffectofLocalEnvironmentonMolecular Structure 33 3.1 SymmetryArgumentsandtheEffectoftheEnvironmenton MolecularStructure 33 VIII Contents 3.2 TheEffectofLocalEnvironmentonMolecularModelsand MolecularStructure 34 3.3 TorsionAnglesandMolecularConformation 35 3.4 SymmetryConsiderationsofAtomicOrbitalHybridizationand BondingParameters 39 4 HistoricalDevelopmentofStructuralChemistry:FromAlchemyto ModernStructuralTheory 41 4.1 HemihedralisminQuartzCrystals:SettingtheStagefortheBirthof Stereochemistry 41 4.2 TartaricAcidandAlchemy 45 4.3 HemihedralisminCrystallineTartaricAcidSalts:TheBirthof MolecularChirality 46 4.4 GiftforPrelog’sRetirement:AMatchedPairofu′,x′-Hemihedral FacedRight-andLeft-HandedQuartzCrystals 54 4.5 EarlyStructuralRepresentationsofOrganicSubstancesandthe DevelopmentofModernStructuralConcepts 55 4.6 FischerProjectionstoDetermineα-andβ-Anomeric Configurations 64 5 ChiropticalProperties 67 5.1 TheLanguageofSymmetry,Isomerism,andtheCharacterizationof SymmetryRelationshipswithinandbetweenMolecules 67 5.2 ChiropticalProperties:CircularBirefringence,OpticalRotatory Dispersion,andCircularDichroism 68 5.3 MillerIndicesandFractionalCoordinatesinCrystallography 74 5.4 ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy 78 5.5 DirectVisualizationofanEnantiomer’sAbsoluteConfigurationin theGasPhase 82 6 SymmetryComparisonofMolecularSubunits:SymmetryinNuclear MagneticResonanceSpectroscopyandinDynamicNMR 85 6.1 SymmetryinNMRSpectroscopy 85 6.2 SymmetryComparisonofMolecularSubunits,Topicity Relationships 87 6.3 DynamicStereochemistry,DynamicNuclearMagneticResonance Spectroscopy(DNMR) 90 6.4 UseofPermutationsinDNMRforTopomerization-, Enantiomerization-,andDiastereomerization-Exchange Processes 92
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