SWINE in the LABORATORY: Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and Experimental Techniques, Second Edition

494 Pages·2007·20.42 MB·English

by  M. Michael Swindle

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Half Title Page
Second Edition
SWINE
in the
LABORATORY
Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and
Experimental Techniques
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Second Edition
Title Page
SWINE
in the
LABORATORY
Surgery, Anesthesia, Imaging, and
Experimental Techniques
M. Michael Swindle, DVM, DACLAM, DECLAM
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC
Illustrator: Richard Hughes, AA, LATg
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, SC
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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CRC Press
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© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-9278-0 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-9278-8 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Swindle, M. Michael.
Swine in the laboratory : surgery, anesthesia, imaging, and experimental techniques / M. Michael
Swindle. -- 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Surgery, anesthesia, imaging, and experimental techniques in swine. 1998.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8493-9278-8 (Hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8493-9278-0 (Hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Surgery, Experimental. 2. Swine--Surgery. 3. Swine as laboratory animals. 4. Veterinary
anesthesia. I. Surgery, anesthesia, and experimental techniques in swine. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Swine--surgery. 2. Anesthesia--veterinary. 3. Animals, Laboratory. 4. Surgery,
Veterinary--methods. 5. Surgical Procedures, Operative. QY 60.S8 S9773sa 2007]
RD29.5.S94S944 2007
617.0072’4--dc22 2006102924
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
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Dedication
To my wife, Paula, and my daughters, Katelyn and Ashley
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Preface
This book is an expanded and updated version of Surgery, Anesthesia and Experimental Techniques
in Swine which was published in 1998. Over the years I have kept a file of questions and
communications concerning the use of swine as animal models that arose from readers of that
publication. We also hold annual training classes for swine users which have involved discussion
and demonstration of many models and surgical techniques that have not yet been published in
another format. Answers to all of the questions I have been asked from these sources are included
in this edition. The purpose of the book is to provide a practical technical guide for the use of
swine in biomedical research. The primary target audience is investigators, veterinarians, and
technicians using swine for experimental procedures. Some of the information may be useful for
veterinarians in agricultural practice.
Predominantly this book provides information on models produced by surgical or other invasive
procedures. There is a presumption that physicians and scientists will have at least a rudimentary
knowledge of the fundamental principles of surgery. It is impossible to fully describe all the models
that can be developed in this species; however, there should be enough detail to provide basic
principles of performing experiments with an organ or system of interest.
There are new chapters on toxicology and radiobiology that were not included in the previous
edition. The toxicology chapter was written by Ove Svendsen, DVM, PhD, from the Royal Veter-
inary and Agricultural University in Copenhagen, Denmark. Professor Svendsen is recognized as
one of the leading authorities on the use of minipigs in toxicology. The number of tables of normal
values has been greatly expanded both in the chapters and in the appendix. Dr. Guy Bouchard from
Sinclair Research Center supplied much of the information for Yucatan, Hanford, and Sinclair
minipigs. Dr. Nanna Grand, Dr. Niels Christian-Ganderup, and Lars Ellegaard of Ellegaard Göt-
tingen Minipigs were very helpful in supplying me with the information on their minipig. Anatomic
and physiologic details have also been expanded. Much of this information has never been published
in any other format. The sections on anesthesia and perioperative care have been updated substan-
tially. In particular, I have attempted to provide practical information concerning postoperative care
for the more complex models. The issues concerning anesthesia and perioperative care have been
the primary source of questions I have received over the years.
Of particular note is the addition of magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography,
and positron emission tomography. The DVD attached to this book contains images collected by
these techniques. I owe a great deal of gratitude to my colleagues from the PET Center and Aarhus
University Hospitals in Aarhus, Denmark, for this contribution. This effort was led by Aage Kristian
Olsen, DVM, PhD, and his colleagues. I owe a debt of gratitude to Jens C. Djurhuus, MD, who
helped to coordinate this effort through his position as professor and director of the Institute of
Experimental Clinical Research at Aarhus University Hospital (Skejby Sygehus). I would also like
to express my appreciation to Frederik Dagnaes-Hansen, DVM, PhD, for continuing to invite me
to participate in his training activities in Aarhus as well. This continued collaboration has been
very helpful to me.
Michael Sturek, PhD, and colleagues from Indiana University have added a chapter with
information on the unique Ossabaw pig along with scanning images that are included on the DVD.
This is the first time this information has been published.
Most of this book was written by me as a sole author; however, I received input from my fellow
faculty members at the Medical University of South Carolina. In particular, Robert Hawes, MD,
from the Digestive Diseases Center added a great deal of detail in the section on endoscopy. Other
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faculty members in the Department of Comparative Medicine were also helpful to me in this
endeavor with advice and editorial comments. Sarah Bingel VMD, PhD, contributed histologic
images of normal tissues. Kathy Laber, DVM, MS, and Alison Smith, DVM, aided me with editorial
comments. Other colleagues have supplied me with photos from their work and they are credited
in the photo captions they supplied.
My primary interest in publishing this textbook is to decrease the learning curve associated
with using swine as models. The default terminology and names of structures is based upon
veterinary terminology rather than human, which may initially cause some confusion with some,
but the meaning should be clear. It is hoped that my ideas and suggestions will contribute to the
appropriate and humane use of swine in biomedical research.
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About the Author
M. Michael Swindle, DVM, is the director of the Division of Laboratory Animal Resources and
professor and chairman in the Department of Comparative Medicine at the Medical University of
South Carolina. He also holds a Professorship in the Department of Surgery.
Dr. Swindle received his BS degree (1968) and his DVM degree (1969), both from Texas A&M
University and is a diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (1982) and
a de facto specialist, European College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (2001). He was in the U.S.
Army Veterinary Corps from 1969 to 1972; in private veterinary practice from 1972 to 1979; and
at Johns Hopkins Medical School from 1979 to 1985.
He has served the following professional organizations either as a member of the board of
directors, committee chairman, and/or officer: American Association for the Accreditation of Lab-
oratory Animal Care; American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; American College of
Laboratory Animal Medicine; American Heart Association; Academy of Surgical Research; S.C.
Consortium for Comparative Medicine; American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners;
DHHS Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Xenotransplantation; European College of Laboratory
Animal Medicine. He is the recipient of the Smithy Research Award from the American Heart
Association-SC Affiliate, the Von Recum Award from the Academy of Surgical Research, the
Markowitz Award for Contributions to Experimental Surgery, the Brewer Scientific Achievement
Award from the Animal Association for Laboratory Animal Science, and the American Society of
Laboratory Animal Practitioners Excellence in Research Award.
His many publications and presentations are mainly in the areas of experimental surgery,
anesthesia, and swine as animal models. He currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal
of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, Comparative Medicine, and the
Journal of Investigative Surgery. He continues to be active in research and teaching activities using
porcine models.