Swedish plant geography

244 Pages·2012·14.4 MB·English

ACTAP HYTOGEOGRASPUHEICCIA8C 4A
EDIDSPVfE NSKA VA XTGEOGRAFSIASLKLAS KAPET
Swedipslha ngte ography
-DedicattoEe ddd vya nd eMra aroenlh i6s5 tbhi rth-da
EditebdyH akanR ydiPna,u lSin oei&j Msa rtiDni ekmann
UPPSAL1A9 99
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ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAS UECICA
84
EDIDITS VENSKA AXTGEOGRAFISKAS ALLSKAPET
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Swedipslha ngte ography
-DedicattoEe ddd vya nd eMra aroenlh i6s5 tbhi rth-day
EditbedyH akanR ydiPna,u lSin oei&j Msa rtiDni ekmann
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UPPSAL1A9 99
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Eddvya nd erM aare(ltt oh lee fatn)dp upiolnSs t oAral varGelta,n Pdh.o tEo.:R osen.
ISB9N1 7-210-084(-p2a perback)
ISB9N 17-2104- 4-(8c loth)
ISS0N0 84-1549
EriSkj ogren
Editor:
Guesetd itoHrask:a Rny diPna,uS lnio e&i Mjasr tDiine kmann
TechneidciatlMo arr:i vjakdnee Mra arVeelr-sluys
Rep ectaiuvteh 1o99r9
©
Edidit:
Svekna V axtgeogSraalflisskkaap et
Villav1a4g en
SE-73562U ppa la
Lay-oOuptu:lP ur eA B,U ppa la
PrinitnSe wde de1n99 9b yT K-trUypcpks,a la
ActPah ytogeSouger8c..4
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Contents
Preface 4
HakaRny diPna,uS lnioj es&i MartDiine kmann
1T.h eb ackgrouGnedo:l ogcyl,i maatnedz onation 5
HugSojo rs
2.Th el atQeu aternavreyg etathiiosnt oorfSy w eden 15
InvgaBra ckeus
3.Pl andti stribauntdis ooni- lp lanitn teracotnis ohnasl lsoowi ls 21
GermuTnylde r
4.So uthedrne cidufoourse sts 33
MartDiine kmann
5.Co niferous forests 55
OlEan gelm&a Hrakk aHnyt teborn
6.Al pinaen ds ubalpviengee tation 75
BenAg.Cta rlsPs.So tna,ffK aanr ls&s BorniM t.a Svensson
7.Mi res 91
HakaRny diHnu,gS ojo r&s M ichLafoerlo th
8.Th eo penc ultulraanld scape 131
EjvinRdo s&e nS ven-BOolrogve gard
9.Ri verasn ds treams 153
ChriNsitlesrs on
10L.a kes 149
BerAtnad er&s EsvoanW illen
1.1S eas hores 196
LenJner ling
12M.ar inaen db rackiwsaht ers 178
PauSlnio eijs
Indeoxf t axa 213
Vasculpalra ntLsa:t inS-wedish 219
Vasculpalra ntSsw:e di-shLatin 222
Subjeicntd ex 225
Swedisshu bjeicntd ex 233
ActPah ytogSeuoe8gc4r. .
4
Preface
Forty-ytehararegseoH ugSoj oprusb lihsihbseo do okn havneo yte etn tetrhecedo mmonulsyefl do raFso.l lowing
Nordpilca gneto gra(pN'hoyr divsakx tgeog1r59a6f,i ';t hter adiitnpi loangn eto grawpehh ya vues etdh oel d
2nde d1. 697)E.v esri ncteh,ib so ohka ss ervaesad n Swedish pnraomverisan tchteeh rat nhc eu rraednmti nis­
introductortyot htveee xgtebtoaeotckio olnoo fgn yo rth­tratciovuen t-tihefeso rmaerrse t aublneiw thse retahse
emE uroapnehd,a isn spbiortethde achaenrsdst udeinn ts bordoefrt shl ea tcthearn rgeep eataesad c loyn sequence
plaencto loTghyeb. o ohka nso w boeueotnf p rifnotar ofp olitidceacli sMiaopnossn .t hien sciodvee srhsot wh e
lontgi me. provinacnedts h ed ivisoifSo wne deinn tGoo taland,
Thei deoafp ublisamh oidnegtm r eatomfSe wnetd ish SvealaannNddo rrlaaswn edl,al st hmea jor alnasdke eas
plagneto grawpahsby o,rna tt hceo ffteaebi ln'e V axtbioa'r eas.
-ouDre partwmheincithts h heo moefp lagneto graipnh y Wea rger atteofa ul la rnguem boefrp eopfloetr h eir
SwedeNno.wa ,s t hDee partemnetnettrh 2se1 tcs enturyc ontribtuott hibioosno sFk i.r osfat l tlot haeu thwohros
undtehrne e wn am'eA vdelnfOirnv gaexnt eokg'oi( lDe­ wrotthee ir conttora ilbmuoitsmitpo onsssd iebaldel ines.
partmoefPn lta Encto l)ot,ghy siese mass u itoacbclaes ionS evepreaolp cloen triwbiuttpheh do togrMaapnhyrs e.­
tos ummaraic zeen toufrv ye getatioinnS wsetduedni.e sv iewers iann adSb wreodhaeadnvs eu ggensutmeedr ous
Thibso oiksi ntentdobe ead n i ntrodutcetxnotora,ty improvemIenngtvBsaa.cr k euasn dE jviRnods ehna ve
comprehetnrseiavteom fte hnSetw edivsehg etaWtei on.j oinuesod nt heed itocroimamli tWteet eh.a tnhkSe y kes
hopteh astt udetnetasc,hn eartsuc,ro en servaatnido nifsatmsi lyc ofrorre ctthEienn ggl iasnhdM, a rijvkaend er
ecologisfitnsdi tawu islelfi unlt roduacswt eilaolsna MaarJeo lo,sv ta dne Mra araenlEd r iSkj ogfroetrne chni­
sourbcoeo akn da ni nspirfaotfriur otnhr eera diTnog . caeld itTihnegp .r ojweacsftn i ancbeyd' Svenvsakxat ­
makteh ceo nteanctcse stsosi bcliee nftrioasmbt rso aandd geogfriasskaal lskaanptdeh Dtee' p artomfPe lnatEn cto l­
tot hien creansuimnbgoe frf orebiigonl sotguyd einnt s ogyU,p psaUlnai versity.
Swedweend ecitdoew dr itthebe o ok in REantghleirs h.
thahna vian pgu replhyy tosociaoplporgoiwacicathlh Onb ehaolfhf im sa ncyo lleasgtuuedsae,nn fdtir se nds
exhausdteisvcer iopftd iieofrnfesvn etg etattyipowenes wed edictahvtiosel utmoPe r ofeEsdsdovyra dne Mra arel
havter iteofd o counsc ausraell atiownhsahatir tpehs e: onh i6s5 tbhi rthidnga rya taenfaduf lef ctioancaktneo wl­
maianb iogtriacd iaennbdti so itnitce ratchtagitoo vnesrn edgemoefnht i esn thussiuapsptaoisrct t e achfireern,d
speccioemsp osiintoi uvoren g etaWteih oanva?el loweda ndc olleaagnudae sh, o magteoh iasc hieveimne nts
thceh aptteorr esfl etchateu thovriseow'fw haitsi mpor­ makitnhgDe e partamnei nntt ernatiroennaolwslnyce id­
tanatn,dt heem phaissti hse reofnos rlei gdhitflrfyee nt enticfiecn tre.
issuienes a cchh aptTehrel. i sotfcs i tleidt erhaatvuer e
beekne psth obruttt,h earrere e feretnotc hecesl assical HakaRny diPna,u Slnio e&i Mjasr tin Diekrnann
studaiswe esl alst oa f ewr elevmaondtec rna sset udies.
Tom aklei efaes fioetrrh Sew edirseha deesrp,e ctihael ly
inexperbioetnacnewidehs atv,ie.n dexed Snwaemdeiss h
Nomenclature
ofv ascupllaasrnp te cainewdse ,h avael sion clusdoemde
usefSuwle ditsehri mnst htee xts. HallingTb.1a 99c4kE.,k olokgaitsoakgol vesrt ormspva­ar.
Thef risttw oc haptgeirvase n i ntrodutcott hieo n ArtdbaatnakSeLnU,U, p psa2l1ap3,p .
physifecaatluo rfel sa nadn cdl imtahtveee ,g etation KzarolnsessTo .n1 ,99 8F.o rteckonviesnrvg e nskkaar lva-xter.
antdh vee getahtiisotonoft r hyce o untCrhya.p 3tde era ls SveBno.tT .i ds9k1:r2 .41- 560
witthh sep ecpirfoibcl tehmapstl anetnsc ouinnth earb i­ NielsRe.nK,,r iasntsieAn.,M, a thieLs.e& nM,a thisHe.n ,
(ed1s99.5)D. i stribuitnidoenxbae lon tfmh aiccr oaolfg ae
tawtist vhe rtyh isnoi alnstd h eriers potnos ea cviedriscu s
thBea ltSieacar e-aA.c tBao tF.e n1n.5 51:-1 5.
calcarbeeodursoC chka.p t4e-rd8se scrtihmbeae i tny pes
SantesRs. 1o9n9,3T .h el ichaenndls i chenifcunogloiof u s
oft errevsetgreitaalft oilolnob,wyt e wdco h aptdeerasl ing
SwedaennNd o rwa-yS.B-TfoargleLtu,n d,p p2.4 0
witthhf eer shwavteegre taotfri iovanen rldsa kTehsel. a st SodersLt.r& oHme,d ena1s9,98 C.Lh .e ckloivseStrva e riges
twoc haptgeirvases urvoefty h see sah oraensmd arine moss-orM.y ri8n:i5 a8 -90.
anbdr ackish waters. TolsAt.o&y W,i llTe.(n e,d 1s99.7)P. r elimcihneacrko lviesrt a
Asf aarsp ossiwbehl aev feol lowtehdne o menclaturem akroaiSl vgeerr-i gAer.tdatabSaLnUUk,pe pns,a 1l2a7,
oft hmeo srte cecnhte ck-floirs tSsw( eldiesbnte eldo w). pp.
ZetterGb.1e 9r8gC6,o. d es-Ptl4Pi.h ytloapnkVteorns.8i 6o15n6-
Ina f ewc asweesh avree taiwneeldl -knnaomwenos r,
GUZ.S wedish MoufNs aetuumHr iaslt Sotroyc,k holm,
givceonm monulsyes dy nonyTmhsii.sst om akieet a sier -
17p6p .
fotrh ree adaessr o moeft hnea meuss eidnt hceh eck-lists
ActPah ytogSeuoegcr..
84
1.T heb ackgrouGnedo:l ogcyl,i maatnedz onation
HugSoj ors
DepartomfeP nlatEn cto loEgvyo,l utiBoinoalryCo egnyt Urpeps,a lUan iverVsiiltyl,a v1ii4gS,eE n- 752U ppsalSaw,e den
36
Bedrock highvlayr iaUbsluea.lh loyw,e vtehrbe,e droichski dden
undaec ro voefru nconisdoaltgelda cdieaplo soirwt ast er
MosotfS weden ornte hsFete sn noscaSnhdiiecalondm ,­ sedimeonftteson,n lpya rtdleyr ifvreodtm h seu bjacent
priscihnige sfliyl icreoocuoksfsg rebautvt a riaabglee. rock.
Mosotf t hreo cckosn soifgs nte isgsreasn,ia tnoedt sh er
harsdi licsetoounmsea teroifae la rlPyr ecambrian
(ArchaoeriagniS)no .mp eart se,. thge.J othnsiaannd stoneGsl,a cidaelp osictrsu,s tuapi!lf atn dw ater
arlea Ptree cambOrnilvayen r.ly o caalrfleoy u lnedas csi d sediments
Archareoacnks su,ca hsm abrle.
Howevienre ,ar Playl aeo(zCoaimcb rOiradno,v iciaDnu ritnhgPe l eistoacloelfn S ew,e dewna sr epeatedly
antdo a l esesxetre Snitl urtiiamnme)us c ohf t hSeh ield buriuendd tehri icnkl aincdTe h.em osptr evaleonft kind
wasu ndesrel ae vaenldb ecaomvee rlbaysi end imentsg,l acdiraiilftms o rainimco sttrilalytl ch,oe arr csoen,t ain­
rangfirnogsm a ndsttoso lnaeat neld i mesDtuornietn.hg e inbgo uldersa,n gdsr taovenemelbs e ddiensd a nodrs ilt.
lonpge riaofrdtw eartdhsSe h iewladas b owvaet aenrtd h e Ont hmea inlainnsd o,u th-weSsktaenarnen dc entral
sedimweenrtlesa rgeerloyd aewda Tyh.e rye mahionw,­ Jamtlaanndtd o,a l esesxetre innVt a stergoGtstlearn­d,
eveirn,s evearraelia nsV astergoGtsltaenrdg,o tlagnodt,l anNda rakntedh, e re are lraeralgraeet waihsve erley
NarkDea,l arnaan Jda mtlaaswn edl,al so utstihdSeeh ield thtei lls are amnodrc eal eccoaluraOsyn.eG yl anadn d
propientr h,Be a ltiiscl aonfGd ost laannGddl anadn tdo Gotlatnhdea yr e sibmuimtlo asrtv leyrt yh ipna,r tolfy
thseo uitnph a rotfS kanIent. h lea tptreorv itnhceear,re e glacioflourviigaainlnod v erlatyhiflena ltgi mestionn e,
ina dditsioomnae r ewaist Mhe sozosiedci meen.tgs., thseo c-allaeldva arre Aalss.io nt hmeo untsat,ih ntei lls
chalk. armeo stvleyrs yh allow.
TheS candinamvoiuannt a(itnShsce a ndwehsi)ca,hr e Alolv er Swedmeonsp,tr obmuitni entn hlteo wlands,
parotft hCea ledonwiedrceers e,a itnDe de vontiiamne aree skers,a tft hooeru mtelodef st usb -glraicviceaarrlrys ­
mainblyay g reraitds uete o p rseusrfreo mt hwee sTth.i s inggr avaenlds anTdh.el argeesrk ewresrf eo rmuendd er
resuilntt ehfdeor matoifol nar goev erutsnhtar ppwehsi ch watebru,tt h earreae l so manyw ewrdheei pcohs oint ed
covermeudco hf t hbea sbaeld robcekn etahtehMm a.n y lanIdna. d ditliaorangm,eo unotfss a nwde rsep reoauindt
oft hreo caksl sboe camset ronmgeltya morTphheiyc . deltmaoss,t nleya trh feo rmehrilgyh ceosats tlines. For
appeaashr ar do rs osftc hibsutltso ,c aalllsaysos andnsetso, post-ghliasctieoasrlpy e,c oifath levl eyg etaatnifldoo nr a,
graniptoersp,h yrsiltaetdseo,sl ,o miatnedls i mestonesse,Ce h apt2e.r
onltyo a smalelx teanstu ltrabpaesriicd oatnidt es Directly aftbeurot fc i ocuern-somsetey lntc,h ronously,
serpesnW.ti itnmhea neyx cepttihoCena sl,e dornoicdkes thceo arseta chiethdsi ghleesvt(e sle Ceh apt2e)fr,o r
foramr icher stuopb lsatlnritatf theea t nh bee droocfk s northSewrne dfeornm ebdy t hAen cylLuask.Me orteh an
thuen broSkheine tlotd h eea sotft hmeo unitnabsu,tt h e oneth iorfpd r esSewnetd weans wateri-mmceodvie­red
influeonfct ehr ei chmeart eroifta hlfe o rmreera cah es atealfytt ehrde e glaciDautriitonhngre. e treoaftt h wea ter,
goowda ye asotft hbee drobcoku ndary. mucohf t hdee posweirtwesa ve-watsoahg erded aetg ree.
Froamb otanpiositon'ftsv ietwh meo st importAasan r te ssuolmtee x pofsormeedr s horaenisds labnedcsa me
propeorftt ihbeees d raoscs ku chi atdrsee g roefde i sposia­lmodsetv ooifsd o iblug,tr adueaalcplhay r otft he reced­
tiotnow eathearniidnt cgsa lcciounmt (eFnit1g ).b, o th infgor mecro absetc ammoer seh eltaenridet sdso iclosu ld
retmaoirnoe ft hefiinrem ra terial.
Theo utwasmhaetde rwiaasrl e -depoisndi eteepde r
ActPah ytogSeuoe8gc4r5.:.- 1 4I.S B9N1 -7120-084-2. wate.Fr isrtshtfe,i nmea terfrioamlt hegl acriiavle rs
ActPah ytogSeuoegcr..
84
6 H.S jors
Int hwee st, Lakwea Vso arniegrnis naalltlyy and much
moreex tenswihveesn,o moef i tfsj oredvser ne ached
almotsott h Neo rwegbioarnd Seirn.ct ehu ep liwfats
greaitnte hrni osr thpearnr tth,ne o rsthho croen titnou ed
retreevaeatnft etrh ceo nnecwtiittohhn se e iant hseo uth
wabsr okseont ,hth aetm arisneed imbeenctascm oev ered
witfher shwasteedri meensptesc iinat lhlpeyr ovionfc e
Varmland.
Whatetvheeroi rri gtihnfe,er smhi nersaoliw lesr e
exposteowd e athearnildne ga chIinmn ogs.ot fS weden,
notablyc ounnidfeefrro osruetsts h,ri ess uilnta ecdi difi­
catiaonndp odzoliOsnaltoyin oc na.l caroerho iugsh ly
clayeyo rut nidlcelorsn ,t incuoovuoesfrr icdhe ciduous
foresotrms a n-mamdeea dowwasts,h ree sburlotwe na rth
rathtehrap no dzTohley. o unagg oef p arotft hleo wlands
antdh leo pwr ecipiitnsa otmioeoft n h eaml sroe dutchee
tendetnocp yo dzolizFartouispothn e.a ovfat lh se oil,
particounlt aharell vyaa rnidsn t hmeo untaainnidsn ,u n­
datiaolno ntgh ew atercouarlssceoos u,n teract pod­
zolisaanttdih oucnso ntritbohu itgehb eiro divtehrasni ty
int hceo nifefroosruetss .
Swedaebno unidnls a kes,f abiodrtelhyea pn ds hal­
low. Tahraeelr sheou ndroeftd hso usoafnm disr emso,s t
,
oft heqmu istmea lbluw,ti tlha regxep anisnte hsfle a tter
parotfts h meo reel evaatereadAs r.o ad-btoruanvde ller is
likteolu yn derestthiaemr aeetalxe t eonffrt e swha taenrd
especoifap lelayt laannpdde ,r hoavpesr estthieam raetae
ofa rabllaen d.
Fig1.C. a lcarreoocuksss oainildns c,l uardeianwsig th d ispersal
ofdisintleigmreasbttyeog dnl ea cdiraiBlfta .s oendM agnussonT hermacll imagtriacd ients
eta l(.16 93).
NorhtwestEeurnr opienp, a rtiSccualnadri naivsfi aa­,
vourdeudr itnhcgeo olseera sboynt shi en floowfm ild air
formgelda ccilaalay nssd i lotfst,vea nr vweidt,ah n nual frotmh Aet lanOtciecaT nh.ii sse vidbeync to mparison
layeorfds i ffnetcr leacyo nteTnhteg. l acsieadli mentwsi toht hpearr otfts h gel osbiet uaatts eidm illaatri tudes,
werues uaclolvye brye dn seewd imelnatrsgre,el -yd eposw­herteh wei ntiesmr u chha rshTehres. i tuaatmioonng
itferdo tmh per eviomuesnltyi ownaeveder osoirfo rno m AtlanPtoilcaa,nr dc ontiniennfltuaelnl ceeatsdo is n sta­
rivceurtst dionwgn tihnetoiowr ne arlsieedri mdeunrt­s biloiftt yhw ee athbeuartl so freqtuole onnctgol nyt inu­
intgh per ocoefls asn d-Trhiesspeeo. s t-gsleadciimaeln tosu pse rioofcd osm parawtairvomer lc yo otle mperatures,
ranfgreo sma ntdofis n es andssi,la tncsdl aIynsm .u cohf diffeirnde inftf eyreeanrts .
Swedtehne irnseo wa m arkceodn trast tbhleeot ww­een UsuatlhlSeyw edissuhm miesrq u iatger ee,as bilnece
lyipnlga iannsdv allweiytswh a ter sedimoern ts,t hlmeoo wanr gel oef s unshiimsno ero erl ecsosu nterbayc ted
lesuss efdo arg ricualntdsu lrieg,mh otrleeyl evaltoewd thvee rlyo ndga ynso,r otfht hAer ctCiicr celveeb ny a
hilolr's i slawnidtcsho' a rssoeir(l tsio lrgl lsa ciofluvipaelr ioofcd o ntinduaoyulsiT ghhictsa. u stehcseo olaitn g
matearlci)a rryifnogsr etO.n liyns omdei sthraivcteth se nigthobt e m oderate.
latatlesrbo e efnra meda,ft etrh lea borrieomuosv oafl Oner emarkfaebalteou ftr hete h ersmuamlm eirnt he
numerboouusl ders. lowlaanrdosut nhdBe a ltice qSueiawt iyith,sha rdalnyy
Them akionfSg wedelno'wsl acnadsnst bielsl e einn decrenaosret hwdaurrdistn hgwe a rmemsotn tJhu,l y
theex tenasricvhei peelsapgeocosif atflh eleay s tceorna sts.( 15-°1C)7O. n t hoet hhearn tdh,se u mmteerm peratures
Durithnigps r ocneeswbs o dioeffrs e swha taerrse l owly decreiansleaa ncdc ortdoia nlgt i(tFuid2ge).A . c ritical
formwehde tnh reshollidfsht ieagderh ne o ugphr etvoe nts ummmeera tne mperoafta ubroe1u 0t- 1°1Cp revaaitl s
infloowfs ewaa teTrh.el arLgaek Meil alrewnh,i cihss t illt hfeor elsitm wihti cihnt hseo uthernSmwoesdtim souhn ­
lestsh aonn em abovmee an lseevave elyr, g radualltya iinnDs a larnaan dH arjediasal tea nb ou9t0 0m ,i n
becaemxec lusfirsvehewlayot nelray f ewc entuarigeos. Jamtlaannsddo uthern aLtaa pbpo7lu0ta0 n-d8m 0 a0n d
ActPah ytogSeuoegcr..
84
Thbea ckgrGoeulonodgc:yl ,i maantzdeo natio7n
int heex trenmoero tfhS wedaetna bo6u0t0m as..l. partdiaamla giefe xposTehdu.ts h vei cissoiftt uhdee s
Mainbleyc aoufss etr onsgoeutrton h o rttehm peratuwrien taerrpe r obya obfls ubordinate wiimtrpheo ­rtance
diffnecreiesns prianngad u tutmhna inns ummearn d, ing artdov egetaztoinoanti inmo ons otf S weden (unlike
consequaed nicfefn,ec reie nt hlee ngotfth h cel imaticc onditiinNo onrsw aFyo)ir.n stasnocuet,ht errnes eusc h
growisnega s(oFni3 g).t, hz eo natoifto hnte e mperatuarseF agsuysl vaatnidC capari nbuest uclaugnsr oswu c­
climaasti aetf cftetsh vee getaitsqi uoidnti es tinct. cefsuslalnyde verne produgcoeod di as tannocreot fh
Thew intteerm peradteucrreessat sreo nagnlmdy o re thediirs trilbiumtaiiswto i nl d.
regulnaorrltyh wbaur(tdc so unatsae vde greasa)r lee ss
dependoenen lte vaTthiioisnst . os omeex teenxta gger­
atebdyt hfere ezing-ooftv helera kesp aarnotdfts h see a, Distribuotfip orne cipitation
notatbhlGeyu loffB othnwihai,ci hn cretahsaeer se al
percenotfta rgeee wlheisstsue r fa'cGerse.e n w(iinnt erPsr'e cipiitnSa wteido(enFn i 4g)i. st ,oag reeaxtt benuftta r
realgirteyay r)ae l mousntk noiwnnt hneo rthtewrno ­ froemx clusdievpeelnyd,oen n tqf ureeinntg resosfi ons
thiorfdt shc eo unbturatyr neo utn commiontn h seo uth­moiAsttl aanitmriacs swehsi,ac rhe striontn hsgeoe ustth ­
ema nds outh-wceosatseatrnra elaM so.s t pwlialndit ns weswth,e rper ecipiitnactriemoaansr eksew dilttyh hr ei se
Swede(nex cepVtiisncagu lmb uHme,d ehreal Tiaxxu,s oft hlea ntdo watrhdeesa sHto.w eviedtre ,c reases again
baccaantdsa o me otahreweri sn)t er-ihnta hrsedi yt es int heea stpearnr otfss outhSewrne deOnn.o urh igh
wherteh egyr o(wa lte awshte snn ow-covaelrtehdo)u ghl autdiettsh,e irsea genebruatlm oderdaetcer eians e
somel,i kVeac cinmiyurlmtl iusso,me tismuefsff erro m precipittoawtairtodhnnse o rtThh.et ypoefsr elainedf
>1..6
15..1 6 .
131 5
11-13
11
<
•
,
Fig2..M e anJ ultye mperat(u°rCeS m)a.ld li fefrencienss outh­ Fig3.. Le ngtohf t hec limagtriocw insge aso(nd aytsh,r eshold
ernS wedeann di nt heB othnicaona staarle ab,u ta distinct +5° Ci)nS wedenI.nth e mountaihnosw,e vetrh,et ruger owing
decreatsoew arhdisg hearl titsu.Nd aetionAatll aosf S weden seasoinsa lmostto taldleyp endeonnt loscnaolw c onditions.
(simplified). (Redrawonm T furhkane1n9 08.)
ActPah ytogSeuoegcr..
84
8 H.S ojrs
nosth oawc lepairc tutrheir sei snp eevcetn,t htohueg h
coasatraelaa rsme o roec eawniitcrh e gatroed v ennoefs s
temperaIttsu hroewtssh. o ep poswiittrehe gatrord a in­
falhlo,w evwehri,c ihsu sually shoimgedh iesrt ance
inlaTnhdut.sh Beal tiiscl annodtsa,b llayn adbp,p edarry
inm osyte abrusat r ree latoicveealwnyii tcrh e gatrod
temperaOtnut rheoest .hh earn idn,c entarnandlo rthern
Swedheing,h er bceotuwnettehrrneyi vhearbsso tshl ightly
more emveeatnne mperadtuurritenhsyge e ar,a sja unsdt,
mentiomnoerdpe,r ecipiAtsat toyi eoanrt.le ym perature
diefrfenc(eFsi5 g).a, c ertlaoicnsa ulb -continentality
previanti wldosi strviiicztna.ws e,s t-rcaaelrn eta centered
inN orwabyu tr eachtihnnego rth-wpeasrtoteft rn h e
provionfDc ael arnaan da djacseonutt h-western Harje­
daleann,id nal argareerai nt heex trenmoer th-east near
>1000
thFei nnbiosrhd beort,ah r ewaist lho ww intteerm pera­
800-1000
turaensdr elatliovwpe rleyc ipiItnta htneio ornt.ho efrn
700-300
theasree parse,c ipiftaalatlssis no ondw u rianbgo huatl f
600�700
oft hyee aarn,dl ocpaelr maforcocsuitr nts h feo romf
<600
higpha lsoants h mei refso,u nodn lvye rlyo caelllsye ­
wherient hmeo untains.
Seasnoalirtuyn,- oaffn dg rounadtwer
, Swedecnl'ism iahsti eg hsleya soInnsa olu.t hSewrne den,
snowfaolflte errinas t Ailct.h ough occasionally occurring
ase aralsOy c tobaenards l aatseM ays,n ocwa anl so be
abseonrrt e plabcyer da iinna nyp arotft hwei nter,
withtohuuets ufaorlm atoiofan l astsinnogcw o veIrn.
centSrwaeld (een. cge.n tDraallarn at)hs en ocwo vlears ts
ona na ver4a-gm5eo nthosn;lh ya ltfhd ea yisna n ormal
Fig4..R e aaln nuaplr ecipit(amtmi)ao cnc ordtiont ghNe ational yeabre ifnrgso tf-reeI.n t hneo rwtihn,t senro wfiamslo lr e
Atlaosf S weden( simplifLioecdad)li. f ferencaersei nr eality reguilnam ro,sw ti ntoecrcsu rrfirnogOm c tob(eorc ca­
morem arekdT.h ef igurewse rec orrecftoerpd r obabmleea sur­ sioneavlelSnye ptemtboAe prr)Ai sln.o cwo vweirtl hle n
inge rroarnsd,t hucso nsiderablyt hhaiongn oh ledre mra ps. usuallalusynt t Mialy a,tl eaisnmt o reel evactoeudn try­
sidIent. h meo untatihpnees r iooftd h aiwse xtenadnedd
dependoenln otc raell ibeefc,a aug sree daetao lfs noiws
placnotv alesroi nfluetnhcieen larnidos fea irmaasnsde s wind-trantsotp hodere tperde sEsxiocneasptv.t e rhyi gh
consequtehnoetr loyg racpohmipco noeftn htpe r ecipitaal­tittuhdaeem so,u onftw atceorn taiinnt ehdse n oiws
tioTnh.uc so asatraelaa nsld a rlgaek est oht aevnledo wer howevleerst sh atnh aitnt hrea ins.
preciptihtaauntp iloatnne dr reasipne,c wihaelfnlor ye sted. Icies f ormoends maolrls hallloawk es uisnu ally
Inm ucohf n orthienrnl aSnwde dtehnre i vvearl laeryes Novembbeuortn l arogrde e elpa kaensod n s halplaorwt s
markeddrliyte hrat nh ien terjhaicgehcneotru nteryv,e n oft hsee aab ouotra, f ter Chlraitmseutrcm oahfts h;Ge u lf
thoutghhae l tituddiifenfnaecrlae rsme o stolnyl 2y0 0- ofB othnoifatfr eene zoevse Trh.ei cues uamlellyit ns
300m .T heS wedimsohu ntaairngese nervaelrlwyye t Aproirle arMlayy a,s d oetsh see asognraolu fnords t
(lessois nt heex trenmoer th-aenamdso tsm)ta rkesdol y whicihnm oswti ntoecrcsu rs aSlwle doevne.r
neatrhN eo rwegbioarndl eera,d tiofn orgm atoifos nm all Rainfiasol flt ebnu,nt o atl walyosw,i ns pring and
glacaiteh risgl he vels. earsluym mebrui tn creianJs uelasyn d Auagnuodsf tt en
alsiont haeu tuImitnsr. a ther iarnrddei gfufglerarersa tly
froyme atroy eaLro.n dgr pye riooftdeson c cur.
Degreoefo ceanity Evapotransipsoi fcr oautrgisroeen a itnte hrse u mmer
anids d ependneoontnt l oyns ummehre abtua tl soont he
Unlike Norway, wfhoerrt ehe dexi eafrmfepnlicene, s lengotfth h wea rpme riwohdi cihss hoirntt h neo ratnhd
genecrlailm aotcieca nairtey vmearryk eSdw,e ddeone s ath ighleerv eTlhser. e mainsiunrgpo lfwu ast (eFri 6g).
ActPah ytogSeuoe8gc4r. .