Swarnima Agarwal

336 Pages·2012·21.01 MB·English

Kinetic Removal of Various Organic Pollutants from
Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on to
Activated Fly Ash and Supported Catalysts

A Thesis

Submitted for the Award of

Doctor of Philosophy

Degree

In Chemistry

(Faculty of Science)

to the

UNIVERSITY OF KOTA, KOTA

By

Swarnima Agarwal

Under the supervision of

Prof. Ashu Rani
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
University of Kota
Kota (Rajasthan)
Dedicated
to
my family
CERTIFICATE

I feel great pleasure in certifying that the thesis entitled “Kinetic Removal
of Various Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on to
Activated Fly Ash and Supported Catalysts” by Swarnima Agarwal under my
guidance.

She has completed the following requirement as per Ph.D. regulations of
the University:
a) Course work as per the university rules.
b) Residential requirement of the university (200 days).
c) Regularly submitted annual progress reports.
d) Presented his work in the departmental committee.
e) Published/accepted minimum of one research paper in a referred
research journal.

I recommend the submission of thesis.

Date:
Prof. Ashu Rani
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry
University of Kota, Kota
Candidate’s Declaration
I hereby certified that the work, which is being presented in the thesis
entitled “Kinetic Removal of Various Organic Pollutants from Aqueous
Solution by Adsorption on to Activated Fly Ash and Supported Catalysts” in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy, carried under the supervision of Professor Ashu Rani and submitted
to the Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Kota, Kota
represent my idea in my own words and where others ideas or words have been
included, have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. The work
presented in this thesis has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any
other degree or diploma from any Institutions. I also declare that I have adhered to
all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the
University and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not
been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when
needed.

Date:
Swarnima Agarwal

This is to certify that the above statement made by Swarnima Agarwal
(Enrolment No. F-6 ()/Res/UOK/2013/16608- ) is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Date:
Prof. Ashu Rani
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry

University of Kota, Kota
ACKNOWLEDMENT

Words are often less to reveals one‟s deep regards. With an understanding that
work like this can never be the outcome of a single person, I take this opportunity to
express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped me
through the duration of this work.
First and foremost, praises and thanks to “God” for his showers of blessings,
for leading me in the right path and for giving me strength to cross the toughest
situations.
I avail this opportunity to extend my hearty indebtedness to my research
supervisor Prof. Ashu Rani (Professor, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
and Dean, P.G. Studies) for her inspiring guidance, untiring efforts, patience, constant
motivation and regular monitoring and meticulous attention at all stages of my
research work. I would also like to convey my deep regards for her apart from the
subject of my research. I learnt a lot from her, which I am sure, will be useful in
different stages of my life. She has provided many opportunities for me to increase
my abilities as a researcher and responsibilities as a team member.
I am grateful to Prof. P.K. Dashora, Vice Chancellor, Sh. Onkar Singh, Prof.
Madhusudhan Sharma, former Vice Chancellor, Dr.O.P. Rishi, Director (Research),

University of Kota, Kota for allowing me to carryon my research work in his
respective institute.
With the deepest sense of gratitude, I would like to thank Dr. Manju Bala
Yadav and Dr. Arun Kumar (Lecturers, Government Collage, Kota) for her generous
support, friendly nature, pleasant behavior. They inspired me in all the stages of my
research work.
I would like to thank faculty members of Department of Pure & Applied
Chemistry, University of Kota, Dr. Niloo Chauhan, Dr. Bhawani Singh, Dr. Sweta
Vyas, Mr. Ankit Sharma, Dr. Sushil Sharma, Dr. Shweta Saxena, Dr. Bhartiya
Sharma and official staff of department, Research section and Accounts section of
University of Kota, for immediate help and timely cooperation.
I am grateful to my ex-colleagues Dr. Deepti, Dr. Anita, Dr. Shefali, my lab-
mates Sakshi, Renu, Khushboo, Niharika, Hari Om, Priyanka, Niranjan, Rajesh,
Kiran, Deepak and Honey for their unconditional support and friendly atmosphere in
the lab throughout my research career.
I would like to acknowledge, Mr. S.N. Tiwari, Officer-in-Charge and Dr.
Vyom Saxena former Officer-in-Charge Environmental Survey Lab, BARC,
Rawatbhata for providing laboratory and analytical facilities. Special thanks to Mr.
Sourajyoti Chowdhury, Scientific Officer „F‟, NPCIL, Rawatbhata for supporting in
analytical work.
I would like to thanks Director, CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat for Surface
area and Porosimetry analysis, Director, ISM, Dhanbad for SEM(EDX) and Mr.
Tejbeer Singh, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Chandigarh for
XRF & XRD studies.
I would like to express my sincere thank to University Grant Commission,
New Delhi, India (UGC) for giving me Junior and Senior Research Fellowship for
providing me financial and analytical support.
My deepest love to my son „Hardik‟ and „Ritwik‟, who have been marooned
of all my care & attention during my research, and instead complaining for it,
consoled me, motivated me, motivated me and recharged me by the divine touch of
her tender fingers whenever I had felt low. If „child is the father of man, both are my
parents.
I cannot express enough thanks to my dearest and most beloved soul mate
„Ajay Garg‟ [Scientific Officer „F‟, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.], who
has helped me to nurture to environment of creativity and support, without him I
would have simply been unable to write this today, It was him only always standing
beside me during all the moments and shades of life. It is once again the matter of
expressing emotion, feeling and gratitude in available few limited words. These
words truly represent my expression, devotion and respect for my life partner.
The highest gratitude goes to my family. My family has always been a source
of inspiration and encouragement. I Wish to thanks my father Mr. Vinod Kumar
Agarwal and my mother Mrs. Urmila Devi, whom love, teaching and support have
bought me this far. I wish to thanks my younger brother Dr.Shailesh Agarwal and my
loving sisters Sweta Agarwal, Dr. Shalini Agarwal and Ruchi Agarwal for their
affection, understanding, unconditional support and help. I would also like to express
a debt of gratitude to my mother-in-law Mrs. Shakuntala Devi and father-in-law Mr.
Harish Chandra Gupta for their kind support, love and wishes.
And everyone else, who kept asking me all these times „Have you finished
your theist yet?‟. Silencing that question was a prime motivation when life‟s other
intellectual enticements kept signing me.
Most importantly, I would like to thank again God, for this blessing
throughout the work.

Swarnima Agarwal
INDEX
Chapters Page No.
Chapter 1: The Perspective -
Abstract
Classification of organic pollutants
Main categories of organic pollutants, Sources & their toxic
effects
Various treatment technologies for waste water
Various Adsorbents Used for Water Treatment
Scope of the work
References

Chapter 2: Materials, methods and characterization techniques -
Abstract
Chemicals and Solutions
Adsorbent Materials
Minor Equipments
Characterization Techniques and Major Equipments
Analytical Measurements
Batch Experimental Programme
Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetics
Thermodynamic Studies
References

Chapter 3: Kinetics of Adsorptive Removal of Dyes (Methylene Blue and
Brilliant Green) from Aqueous Solution over Various Types of
Fly Ash: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Modeling

-
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Result and discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Adsorption of Resorcinol from Aqueous Solution onto Low Cost
Fly Ash (FA) and NaOH Treated Fly Ash (NaFA): Equilibrium,
Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Modeling
-
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Result and discussion
Conclusion
References

Chapter 5: Adsorption of Resorcinol from Aqueous Solution onto CTAB /
NaOH / Fly Ash Composites: Equilibrium, Kinetics,
Thermodynamics and Modeling
-
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Result and discussion
Conclusion
References

Chapter 6: Adsorption of Tannic acid from Aqueous Solution onto Chitosan /
NaOH / Fly Ash Composites: Equilibrium, Kinetics,
Thermodynamics and Modeling
-
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Result and discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Adsorption of 4-chloro-2-methyl phenoxyacetic acid (MCPA)
from aqueous solution onto CTAB / NaOH / Fly Ash Composites:
Equilibrium, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Modeling
-
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Result and discussion
Conclusion
References

Publications
Conferences