Table Of Content

10mm Sustainable Use of Wood in Construction C o u Jim Coulson Jim Coulson l s o n There is a great deal of innovation in the use of wood in construction, from impressive SuStainable uSe modern buildings to new construction products that reduce build times and improve building performance. As a renewable resource with proven low embodied energy, wood is both an environmentally responsible and a highly practical choice as a construction material. However, forest management practices vary throughout the world: some are highly effective in delivering a sustainable, long term supply of timber; whereas others are less so, and could result in forest of Wood in Construction depletion and significant environmental degradation. Against this background, a number of certification schemes have been developed that seek to ensure that all timber is harvested from S sources that are at least legally-sourced, and at best, sustainably managed. u s Sustainable Use of Wood in Construction explains how and why wood may be grown sustainably, t a and how this versatile material can be specified and – most importantly – sourced, for use in the i n construction industry. It explains the modern regulatory framework within Europe that seeks to a eliminate the use of illegally-harvested wood, and it shows how to ensure that everyone who sells b l or uses wood for construction is following the rules. Finally, the book explains how, at the end e of its first use in construction, wood can be recycled, by reprocessing into another wood-based U construction material, or by using it as biomass. s e Jim CoUlSon FIMMM FFB is a Wood Scientist, Timber Technologist and a Fellow of the Institute o f of Materials, who has an encyclopaedic knowledge of the use of wood in construction, extending W back over more than 35 years. He served as President of the Institute of Wood Science from 2002 o to 2004 and is currently a member of the Board of the Wood Technology Society (WTS), a Division o of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3). He is a member of the WTS’s Education d Advisory Group and also tutors the IOM3 courses on Wood Science and Timber Technology. He i n has been a Visiting Lecturer to the Universities of Newcastle and Durham Schools of Architecture C and Engineering, as well as to Leeds College of Building. He is also a member of the UK Executive o Committee of ICOMOS and a specialist in condition surveys of historic timber buildings (he was n technical timber advisor for Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre, working on that project for over four s t years). He founded TFT Woodexperts Limited – a consultancy practice dealing with all aspects of r u timber and wood-based products – in 1991. c t i o Also available n Wood in Construction: Structural Timber Design to Eurocode 5 How to Avoid Costly mistakes Second Edition Jim Coulson Jack Porteous and Abdy Kermani Paperback, 978 0 4706 5777 5 Paperback, 978 0 4706 7500 7 www.wiley.com/go/construction Also available as an e-book Sustainable Use of Wood in Construction Sustainable Use of Wood in Construction Jim Coulson This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom. 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Cover photos courtesy of Structural Timber Association and iStock Set in 10/12pt Palatino by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 ‘I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree’ Joyce Kilmer (1888–1918) Contents Preface xi Acknowledgements xix 1 Some Things You Should Know About Wood, Trees and Forests 1 1.1 Some basic information on how trees grow 1 1.2 Basic tree types – softwoods and hardwoods 3 1.3 The properties of timbers 5 1.4 Different forests and tree types 6 1.5 Rate of growth 7 1.6 Natural forests 8 1.7 Managed forests: Conifers 12 1.8 Managed forests – broadleaves 16 2 The Concept of Being ‘Sustainable’ 25 2.1 Being sustainable: A definition and a target 25 2.2 What can we do to help? 28 2.3 Using the forest resource: The economic argument 33 2.4 Legal harvesting 35 2.5 The Timber Trade Federation: Introducing its responsible purchasing policy 37 3 Voluntary Timber Certification Schemes 41 3.1 Some further details on the RPP 42 3.2 Checking legality – I: The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 44 3.3 Checking legality – II: FLEGT 50 3.4 Going beyond FLEGT: MYTLAS 51 3.5 Checking legality – III: Other ‘legality’ certification schemes 52 vii viii Contents 3.6 Checking sustainability: Chain of Custody Certification 54 3.7 FSC and PEFC as Chain of Custody Certifiers 57 3.8 Other Chain of Custody Certification bodies 61 3.9 UKWAS 62 3.10 Third-party assurance 62 3.11 How Chain of Custody schemes operate 63 4 The UK Government and European Regulations: Legally Trading in World Timbers 65 4.1 Checking up on the checkers: The role of CPET 65 4.2 CPET’s help with legality and sustainability requirements 66 4.3 Legality and sustainability: The UK government’s definitions 67 4.4 Legal timber sources – the UK government’s definition 67 4.5 Sustainable timber sources – the UK government’s definition 68 4.6 Category A and Category B – ‘Proof of Compliance’ 68 4.7 Current and future supplies of certified timber 70 4.8 The EUTR: Europe’s new and compulsory ‘timber legality scheme’ 71 4.9 The meaning of ‘due diligence’ 73 4.10 Satisfying the EUTR 74 4.11 Who actually needs to obey the EUTR? 81 4.12 The ‘first placer on the market’ 81 4.13 CE marking and the CPR 82 4.14 CITES: What exactly is it? 83 5 Specifying Sustainable Timber for Any Project: Some Important Dos and Don’ts; With a Bit More About Wood 89 5.1 Using wood in a sustainable way 90 5.2 The government’s Timber Procurement Policy (TPP): A brief reminder 91 5.3 Certificates 91 5.4 What if I can’t get the timber I want? 94 5.5 The use of recycled timber 96 5.6 Insisting on a particular Chain of Custody ‘brand’ for your certified timber 97 5.7 Deciding which wood to use 99 5.8 Some of wood’s other characteristics 105