Sustainable Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment

417 Pages·2021·19.884 MB·English

by  Noel Jacob Kaleekkal, Prasanna Kumar S. Mural, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, Upal Ghosh

Sustainable Technologies
for Water and Wastewater
Treatment

Sustainable Technologies
for Water and Wastewater
Treatment
Edited by
Noel Jacob Kaleekkal, Prasanna Kumar S. Mural,
Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, and Upal Ghosh
First edition published 2021
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kaleekkal, Noel Jacob, editor.
Title: Sustainable technologies for water and wastewater treatment/edited by Noel Jacob
Kaleekkal, Prasanna Kumar S Mural, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, and Upal Ghosh.
Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020056208 (print) | LCCN 2020056209 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367510374 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781003052234 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Sewage–Purification–Biological treatment. | Water–Purification–Membrane
filtration. | Green chemistry.
Classification: LCC TD755.S857 2021 (print) | LCC TD755 (ebook) | DDC 628.1/62–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020056208
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020056209
ISBN: 9780367510374 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780367552534 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003052234 (ebk)
Typeset in Times LT Std
by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................xi
About the Editors ...................................................................................................xiii
Contributors .............................................................................................................xv
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 In Situ Sampling Techniques for Identification
and Quantification of Trace Pollutants .................................................3
Upal Ghosh and Mandar Bokare
Chapter 2 Occurrence and Removal of Endocrine Disruptor
Chemicals in Wastewater ...................................................................17
V. Ponnusami and M. Saravanan
Part II Membrane-Based technologies
Chapter 3 Thin-Film Composites and Multi-Layered Membranes
for Wastewater Treatment...................................................................37
Paresh Kumar Samantaray and Suryasarathi Bose
Chapter 4 Membrane Distillation: An Efficient Technology
for Desalination ..................................................................................51
Sanjay Remanan and Narayan Chandra Das
Chapter 5 Membrane Distillation for Wastewater Treatment .............................71
Yuhe Cao and Ranil Wickramasinghe
Chapter 6 Applications of Electrospun Membranes for
Wastewater Treatment ........................................................................89
Aiswarya M., Aquib Mohammed, Akash M. Chandran,
S. Varun and Prasanna Kumar S. Mural
v
vi Contents
Chapter 7 Forward Osmosis as a Sustainable Technology for Water
Treatment and Desalination .............................................................113
Noel Jacob Kaleekkal, Anoopa Ann Thomas
and Joel Parayil Jacob
Part III Energy-Water Nexus
Chapter 8 Microbial Desalination Cells: Opportunities and Challenges .........145
J. Jayapriya
Chapter 9 Microbial Fuel Cell: A Potential Solution for Desalination .............169
Harsha Nagar and Vineet Aniya
Chapter 10 Advanced Oxidation Techniques for Wastewater Treatment ...........187
M. S. Priyanka and George K. Varghese
Part IV Nascent technologies
Chapter 11 Hydrodynamic Cavitation: A Novel Energy Efficient
Technology for Degradation of Organic Contaminants
in Wastewater ...................................................................................205
Gautham B. Jegadeesan and N. Santosh Srinivas
Part V Bio and Bio-Inspired Materials
for Water reclamation
Chapter 12 Bioremediation and Phytoremediation as the
Environmentally Sustainable Approach for
the Elimination of Toxic Heavy Metals ...........................................227
Joyabrata Mal and S. Rangabhashiyam
Chapter 13 Biopolymers as a Sustainable Approach for
Wastewater Treatment ......................................................................259
J. Juliana, K. L. Jesintha, S. Mariaamalraj,
V. C. Padmanaban, A. R. Neelakandan and G. K. Rajanikant
Contents vii
Chapter 14 Bioreactors for Degradation of Toxic Pollutant
in Wastewater System .......................................................................275
Monalisa Satapathy, Aparna Yadu, J. Anandkumar
and Biju Prava Sahariah
Part VI Integrated technologies for Water treatment
Chapter 15 Sustainable Technologies for Recycling Greywater:
A Shift Towards Decentralized Treatment .......................................299
Anupam Mukherjee, Anirban Roy, Aditi Mullick
and Siddhartha Moulik
Chapter 16 Advanced Membrane Bioreactor Hybrid Systems ...........................317
Nirenkumar Pathak, Hokyong Shon
and Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
Chapter 17 Development of MBR, MABR and AnMBR Systems
for Wastewater Treatment.................................................................343
Buddhima Siriweera and Chettiyappan Visvanathan
Chapter 18 Membrane Hybrid System in Water and Wastewater
Treatment ..........................................................................................369
M. A. H. Johir and Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
Index ......................................................................................................................387

Preface
The rapid population growth, incessant deforestation, rampant urbanization coupled
with the depleting surface/groundwater resources, and global warming have led to
acute water scarcity and flash flooding, which could render potable water a dimin-
ishing natural resource. The aquatic pollutants from domestic and industrial waste
streams are detrimental to the ecosystem and can be dangerous for living beings.
Apart from various seawater desalination technologies, other ways to recover usable
water from wastewater are being explored worldwide by researchers.
The exponential demand for safe water, concomitant with the improvement of
technology and government-imposed standards, have made conventional treat-
ment processes obsolete. The increasing use of nanoscale material in various
water treatment technologies is unprecedented. These materials have high sur-
face areas, can be reused, and can possess a wide range of characteristics like
photocatalytic ability, selective adsorption, and reactivity. These materials can be
fabricated on the design-for-purpose concept and can be utilized in many types
of technologies.
This book collates the advances and explores the environmental sustainability
of various technologies for water and wastewater treatment. Further, it can serve
as a one-stop reference book to a much wider audience and play a pivotal role
in bridging various scattered sustainable technologies. The authors are experts
who have incorporated different dimensions from the basics to state-of-the-art
advancements for new technologies. This book would be a valuable resource for
students, engineers, scientists, and industrial practitioners working in water treat-
ment technologies.
The first section outlines the passive sampling techniques for detecting con-
taminants, the occurrence/removal of endocrine-disrupting pollutants, and the
advancement of nanotechnology in water remediation. The second section discusses
pressure-driven membrane processes (thin-film nanocomposite and mixed matrix
membranes) and explores osmotic and vapour-pressure driven membrane applica-
tions. The role of electrospinning as a versatile tool for the development of nanofi-
brous membranes is discussed. The third section focuses on the energy-water nexus
addresses the efficiency and challenges of microbial fuel cells. An outline of the
various advanced oxidation processes is included.
The fourth section highlights some nascent sustainable technologies such as
hydrodynamic cavitation and ultrasound to suppress contaminants in wastewater.
The fifth section includes biological and bio-inspired materials for the recovery
of water. Bioremediation, bioactive nanomaterials, biopolymers, and bioreactors
are discussed along with the challenges in implementation. The last section deals
with integrated sustainable technologies such as decentralized water treatment,
membrane bioreactors (aerobic and anaerobic), and hybrid systems for wastewater
treatment.
This book aims to provide sufficient knowledge and organize a comprehen-
sive review of recent scientific literature that would give the reader a deeper
ix