Sustainable renovation : strategies for commercial building systems and envelope PDF
Preview Sustainable renovation : strategies for commercial building systems and envelope
0011__99778800447700887722661111--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 99//1122//1111 1111::2211 AAMM Sustainable Renovation STRATEGIES FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS AND ENVELOPE 0011__99778800447700887722661111--ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 99//1122//1111 1111::2211 AAMM 0011__99778800447700887722661111--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 99//1122//1111 1111::2211 AAMM Sustainable Renovation STRATEGIES FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS AND ENVELOPE Lisa Gelfand and Chris Duncan John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 0011__99778800447700887722661111--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 99//1122//1111 1111::2211 AAMM 100% TOTAL RECYCLED PAPER 100% POSTCONSUMER PAPER This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profi t or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services, or technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at 800-762-2974, outside the United States at 317-572- 3993 or fax 317-572-4002. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Gelfand, Lisa. Sustainable renovation : strategies for commercial building systems and envelope / Lisa Gelfand and Chris Duncan. p. cm. —(Wiley series in sustainable design) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-87261-1 (cloth : alk. paper); 978-1-118-10011-0 (ebk); 978-1-118-10013-4 (ebk); 978-1- 118-10217-6 (ebk); 978-1-118-10218-3 (ebk); 978-1-118-10219-0 (ebk) 1. Buildings—Repair and reconstruction. 2. Commercial buildings—Remodeling. 3. Sustainable buildings— Design and construction. I. Duncan, Chris, 1962- II. Title. III. Title: Strategies for commercial building systems and envelope. TH3401.G45 2012 690'.24—dc22 2011010962 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0011__99778800447700887722661111--ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 99//1122//1111 1111::2211 AAMM CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix CHAPTER 3 FACILITY MANAGEMENT UPGRADES 49 PREFACE xi Introduction 49 CHAPTER 1 Immediate Improvement 51 INTRODUCTION 1 Behaviors 51 Testing and Analyzing Performance 52 Sustainability Defi ned 1 Retrocommissioning 55 The Urgency of Sustainability in Buildings 4 Lighting 56 The Importance of Existing Buildings 6 Plug Loads 59 Renovation Contrasted with Replacement 8 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning 60 Facility Management and Incremental Renovation 9 Water Use 62 The Benefi ts of Sustainable Renovation 10 Beyond Energy—Green Operations and Maintenance 62 Health and Comfort 10 Indoor Environmental Quality 63 Economic Returns 12 Regional Issues 65 Reduction of Climate Change Impact 14 Putting Your Program Together 65 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 4 WHOLE BUILDING DESIGN 17 BUILDING ENVELOPE REDESIGN 77 Introduction 17 Introduction 77 Existing Building Context 19 Climate and Function 19 Air Infi ltration Losses 78 Building Energy Simulation Models 22 Insulation Strategies 78 Testing and Benchmarking Performance 22 Cold Climate 79 Understanding Existing Building Strategies 29 Humid Middle Latitude Climate 81 Daylight 32 Hot Humid Climate 82 Ventilation 35 Hot Dry Climate 83 Permanent Materials 36 Continental Climate 83 Building Envelope 38 Pre-War Buildings 84 Building Systems 39 Thermal Mass and Climate Zones 84 Modern Building Code Implications 40 Masonry Wall Design 85 v 0022__99778800447700887722661111--ffttoocc..iinndddd vv 99//1122//1111 1111::2222 AAMM vi CONTENTS Window Replacement and Shading 86 Water-Saving Strategies 124 Roof Structure and Insulation 88 Electric Power and Controls Replacement 126 Roofi ng 89 Late Modern Buildings 127 Mid-Century Modern Buildings 92 Strategies for Deep Floor Plates 127 Curtain Wall Replacement, Modifi cation, and Creating New Passive Ventilation Options 128 Shading 92 Improving or Replacing Forced Air Heating, Insulation Options 93 Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning 130 Window Replacement 95 Restoring or Improving Daylighting 130 Roofi ng 95 Water-Saving Strategies 132 Late Modern Buildings 96 Electric Power and Controls Replacement 133 Introducing Daylight 96 Systems Replacement Summary 133 Correcting Roof Structures and Slope 98 Insulation Options 99 CHAPTER 6 Window Replacement 100 BUILDING MATERIALS 141 Roofi ng 101 Environmentally Benefi cial Products 141 Rating Systems and Lifecycle Assessment 142 CHAPTER 5 LCA Tools 145 BUILDING SYSTEMS REPLACEMENT 109 Recycling, Salvage, and Reuse 146 Building System Needs 109 Resource Effi ciency 149 Thermal Comfort 110 Reduction in Operational Energy and Waste 150 Water Use 112 Low-Emitting Materials 151 Light 112 “Natural” Materials 152 Building Controls and Environmental Concrete and Stone 152 Responsiveness 114 Metals 152 Pre-War Buildings 114 Wood 153 Renovation or Replacement of Steam and Carpet 155 Hydronic Systems 115 Resilient Flooring 155 Improving Ventilation and Fire Safety 117 Wall Finishes 156 Restoring or Improving Daylighting 118 Pre-War Buildings 157 Water Saving Strategies 118 Salvage of Masonry and Finishes 157 Electric Power and Controls Replacement 120 Strategies for Obsolete Plaster and Partition Mid-Century Modern Buildings 120 Systems 159 Renovation or Replacement of Hydronic Mid-Century Modern Buildings 162 Systems 120 Disassembly Options 162 Creating New Passive Ventilation Options 122 Improving or Replacing Forced Air Heating, Late Modern Buildings 163 Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning 122 Hazardous Material Issues163 Restoring or Improving Daylighting 124 Disposal Reduction 164 0022__99778800447700887722661111--ffttoocc..iinndddd vvii 99//1122//1111 1111::2222 AAMM CONTENTS vii CHAPTER 7 Solar Heating and Power 211 CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS 173 Wind Power 216 Introduction 173 Geothermal Heat Exchange 218 Initial Construction Activities 174 Waste Water Strategies 219 Assembling the Team 174 Graywater Recirculation 220 Exploratory Demolition and Investigations 176 Reuse of Building System Wate 221r Demolition Documents versus Site Living Machine Waste Water Treatment 221 Discussions 177 Passive House (Passivhaus) Design and Hazardous Materials Abatement 178 Existing Buildings 222 Construction Debris 185 Passive Solar Design 223 Occupied Rehabs 186 Superinsulation 224 Relocation 186 Sealing the Envelope 226 Phasing 187 Introducing Fresh Air—Heat and Energy Exchange 227 Separation and Noise 189 Notifi cation 189 CHAPTER 9 Elevators 189 THE FUTURE OF RENOVATION 239 Commissioning 191 Introduction 239 CHAPTER 8 Energy Conservation and Building Lifecycle Strategy 241 HIGH PERFORMANCE RENOVATION 201 Low and No Cost Strategies 241 Transformation 201 2025 Improvements 243 Renovation versus Transformation 201 2040 Improvements 245 Change of Use 202 Building Integrated Power Generation 246 Additions and Deletions 205 Deconstruction 248 Preservation of Signifi cant Historic Characteristics 207 Conclusion 250 Retrofi tting Active Energy Systems 208 Combined Heat and Power 209 INDEX 265 0022__99778800447700887722661111--ffttoocc..iinndddd vviiii 99//1122//1111 1111::2222 AAMM 0022__99778800447700887722661111--ffttoocc..iinndddd vviiiiii 99//1122//1111 1111::2222 AAMM
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