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Gulf Studies 9 Logan Cochrane Reem Al-Hababi Editors Sustainable Qatar Social, Political and Environmental Perspectives Gulf Studies Volume 9 Series Editor Md Mizanur Rahman, Gulf Studies Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar This series is dedicated to serving growing academic interests in the dynamic, complex and strategically important Gulf region, offering a publication platform to scholars in the region and globally. The series takes an interdisciplinary approach to documenting the changes taking place in the Gulf societies, and examines the evolving relationship between the Gulf and other regions. The series advances non- Western perspectives in studying the Gulf societies, and their interactions with the rest of the world. The series includes work being done on the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely: Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait, in addition to Iran, Iraq, and Yemen. The series accepts proposals for monographs, edited volumes and handbooks that provide an understanding of the Gulf societies’ contemporary social, economic, and political landscapes. The series covers a wide range of topics within four broad themes, as follows: Social and Cultural Issues in the Gulf: Demography, migration, citizenship, gender, culture and identity, urbanization, education, new media, unemployment, youth, family, women empowerment, lead- ership, aging, human rights, sports, Islamic ethics, and Islam and society Politics and Security in the Gulf: Gulf defence and security, the GCC integration, democracy and political reform, Gulf politics and political systems, the GCC’s foreign policy Energy and Economics in the Gulf: The political economy of the Gulf, economic diversification, international invest- ments, international trade, knowledge economy, energy security and geopolitics of energy, renewable energy development, environmental regulations, infrastructure and urban planning, Islamic finance The GCC and the World: The GCC and Iran, the GCC and Africa, the GCC and South Asia, the GCC and East Asia, the GCC and Southeast Asia, and the GCC and Western Powers · Logan Cochrane Reem Al-Hababi Editors Sustainable Qatar Social, Political and Environmental Perspectives Editors Logan Cochrane Reem Al-Hababi Hamad Bin Khalifa University Gulf Studies Program Doha, Qatar Qatar University Doha, Qatar ISSN 2662-4494 ISSN 2662-4508 (electronic) Gulf Studies ISBN 978-981-19-7397-0 ISBN 978-981-19-7398-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7398-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2023. 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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword ‘ Qatar has paid great attention to the seas, marine resources and natural reserves. In this regard, and to name a few of the efforts made, we mention the following: In terms of natural reserves, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change is the official body responsible for managing and protecting 35,000 square kilometers of the marine environment and 11,500 square kilometers of the terrestrial environment, and the ensuing legislative and monitoring measures to ensure their preservation and sustainability. The protected area of terrestrial environment covers about 24 percent of the total area of the country, while the protected area of the marine environment covers more than 2.5 percent, which is in line with the initiative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, in preserving marine species and habitats. v vi Foreword The State is currently working on the preparation of the Qatar National Action Plan for the conservation and management of sea resources by attracting expertise and skills in the marine environment and in relevant aspects of biodiversity development and sustainability. Within its continued and sustained efforts to preserve the marine environment, the State of Qatar has conducted a benthic habitat mapping of Qatar’s coastal zone of environmental importance, in addition to developing integrated management plans to monitor developments over time and enable respective authorities to undertake the necessary mitigation and remedial measures. I should highlight the utmost importance Qatar attaches to building the human dimensions and enhancing their potential and performance to actively participate in developing and preserving the marine environment and reserves. Contributions of the local, coastal communities and stakeholders are of great importance in maintaining the marine environment free of pollution, as they promote positive behaviours and perceptions toward the development and protection of marine ecosystems and reserves. Qatar has developed programs to restrain pollution, especially plastic pollution, which represents a concern to all oceanfront states. Foreword vii Qatar has also paid significant attention to preserving the environment in general and the marine environment, in particular, protecting their natural resources and utilizing them for a sustainable development. Emphasizing the State’s prioritiza- tion of environment protection and preserving and developing natural resources, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change has been established to ensure continued and systematic efforts to achieve the Qatar Vision 2030. The State of Qatar has adopted a strategic approach to reach integration between the environment and social and economic governance, that is aligned with Qatar National Vision 2030, the relevant national and global environmental legislation, treaties, and ratified agreements and protocols. With utmost respect and appreciation, Faleh bin Nasser Al Thani Minister Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Contents 1 Sustainable Qatar ............................................. 1 Logan Cochrane and Reem Al-Hababi 2 The Evolvement of Qatar’s Environmental Sustainability Policy: The Strategies, Regulations, and Institutions .............. 17 Reem Al-Hababi 3 Law and Governance Innovations on Sustainability in Qatar: Current Approaches and Future Directions ...................... 37 Damilola S. Olawuyi and Elena I. Athwal 4 FIFA World Cup 2022 as a Catalyst for Environmental Sustainability in Qatar ......................................... 55 Orjan Lundberg 5 Qatar Foundation: A Sustainability Innovator ................... 73 Fahad Al-Musalmani and Sylvie Maalouf 6 Qatar’s Energy Policy and the Transition Towards a Renewable and Carbon–Neutral Future ....................... 93 Steven Wright 7 Qatar in the Energy Transition: Low Carbon Economy Challenges and Opportunities .................................. 109 Sara A. Al-Mohannadi and Dhabia M. Al-Mohannadi 8 A Systems Perspective on the Sustainable Development of Qatar ...................................................... 127 Marcello Contestabile 9 Sea Level Rise and the National Security Challenge of Sustainable Urban Adaptation in Doha and Other Arab Coastal Cities ................................................. 147 Laurent A. Lambert and Cristina D’Alessandro ix x Contents 10 Assessing and Reporting Potential Environmental Risks Associated with Reefing Oil Platform During Decommissioning in Qatar ..................................... 167 Radhouane Ben-Hamadou, Ahmad M. D. Mohamed, Sarra N. Dimassi, Mariam M. Razavi, Sara M. Alshuiael, and Muhammad O. Sulaiman 11 The Domestic Water Sector in Qatar ............................ 193 Jenny Lawler, Annamaria Mazzoni, and Sa’d Shannak 12 Contribution of Non-profit Organizations to Food Security and Sustainability in the State of Qatar .......................... 211 Sana Abusin, Ebaidalla M. Ebaidalla, and Maryam F. Al-Thani 13 Terrestrial Biodiversity in Arid Environments: One Global Component of Climate Crisis Resilience ......................... 229 April Torres Conkey, Cromwell Purchase, Renee Richer, and Nobuyuki Yamaguchi 14 Doha as a 15-Minute City: An Urban Fereej ..................... 257 Velina Mirincheva, Jason Twill, and Nihal Al-Saleh 15 From Planning Cities to Sustaining Communities: Smart and Sustainable Urban Strategies for the Post-carbon Transition in the Gulf States .................................... 283 Esmat Zaidan 16 Toward the Circular Qatari Zero-Waste Management Sector ...... 305 Husameldin M. Talballa and Jonathan Gichuru 17 Education for Sustainable Development in Qatar ................. 329 S. Duygu Sever and M. Evren Tok 18 Developing a Vibrant Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Qatar: A Sustainable Pathway Toward the Knowledge-Based Economy? .................................................... 349 Tarek Ben Hassen 19 Pathways for a Sustainable Future .............................. 365 Leslie A. Pal, Reem Al-Hababi, and Logan Cochrane