Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chains: Innovations and Integral Approaches PDF
Preview Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chains: Innovations and Integral Approaches
Contributions to Management Science Meng Lu Joost De Bock Editors Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chains Innovations and Integral Approaches Contributions to Management Science More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1505 Meng Lu (cid:129) Joost De Bock Editors Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chains Innovations and Integral Approaches Editors MengLu JoostDeBock DutchInstituteforAdvancedLogistics EuropeanCommission Breda Brussels TheNetherlands Belgium ISSN1431-1941 ISSN2197-716X (electronic) ContributionstoManagementScience ISBN978-3-319-17418-1 ISBN978-3-319-17419-8 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-17419-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015947959 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword Although logistics has undergone huge improvement over the past few decades, there is general agreement that much more can still be done to improve its efficiency. This can be illustrated by a few statistics. 45 % of Europe’s freight movesbyroadintrucksthat,inweightterms,achieveanaverageloadfactorofonly 43 %. This is partly because they run empty on a quarter of the kilometres they travel, but also because on the laden kilometres they use only 57 % of their availableloadcarryingcapacity.Theemptyrunningisoftenblamedonimbalances in traffic flows, but analysis reveals that this only accounts for around half of the emptykilometres.Thepotentialprobablyexiststoincreasetheaveragetruckload factor in Europe enough tocut road haulage costsby over 20 billion €. If awider rangeofimprovementmeasurescouldtrimaround10%fromthetotalannualEU expenditureonlogisticsof930billion€,savingsintheorderof100billion€could be released. This is a similar figure to the annual cost of traffic congestion and pollutiontotheEUeconomy,muchofwhichisduetothemovementoffreightand likelytobereducedbyefficiencygainsacrossthelogisticssector. Achieving deep cuts in the economic and environmental costs of European logistics will require more than the efforts of individual companies working in isolation. It will need to be reinforced by the collective action of groups of companiesworkingtogethertoshareassetsandservices.Iftheydothis,theywill be able to harvest much of the so-called ‘low hanging fruit’, which yields both economicandenvironmentalbenefits.This,however,willrequiremajorchangesin business practice and managerial mindsets. In today’s intensely competitive mar- kets,self-preservationtendstobetheinitialreactionratherthanagreaterwilling- nesstoco-operateacrossthesupplychain. Research can play a key role in promoting greater supply chain collaboration: research on ICT but more importantly on the new collaborative business models required to exploit opportunities for efficiency improvements and value creation. The development and application of these models are lagging behind advances inICT. v vi Foreword The main constraints on freight transport efficiency are usually organisational andextendbeyondtheconventionallydefinedboundariesoflogisticsintoproduc- tionstrategiesandthebehaviourofdistributorsandconsumers.Inservingtheneeds of the production process and the demands of customers, logistics managers have often to accept a significant loss of transport efficiency. This inefficiency can be seeninpurelybudgetaryterms,makingtransportmoreexpensiveinthepursuitof lower production costs and higher sales. This, however, underestimates the wider environmental and societal costs associated with transport inefficiencies. All too aware of these inefficiencies, logistics managers have a responsibility to try to persuadetheirmanufacturingcolleaguestobemore‘leanandgreen’intheirdesign ofproductionprocessesandsettingofproductivitytargets. Inthelongterm,theanswermaylieinacompletelydifferenttypeoflogistical system modelled on the principles underpinning the Internet. This concept of a ‘Physical Internet’ has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years, withsomeviewingitassciencefiction andothersseeingitasacrediblevisionof how logistics may evolve over the next few decades. Some past innovations that proved transformational for logistics, such as containerisation and e-commerce, also met with initial scepticism. Making the Physical Internet a reality will be a huge challenge and requires levels of industrial co-operation, asset sharing and supplychaintransparencywellabovethoseprevailingtoday,butresearchisalready underwaytoexplorehowthismightbeachieved. ThisbookisanimportantcontributiontothedevelopmentofEuropeanresearch on the restructuring to logistics systems and supply chains to deliver substantial increases in efficiency and value. In studying the spectrum from the short-term exploitationofnewcollaborativeopportunitiestolong-termrecastingoflogisticsas a Physical Internet, researchers must work closely with managers in logistics and related functions to keep their work practical, realistic and relevant. The new European Technology Platform for Logistics (ALICE) exists to promote such industry–researcher interaction and help to ‘future-proof’ the proposed solutions which emerge from the work. As one of ALICE’s first outputs, this book demon- stratestheveryvaluablecontributionitcanmake. Edinburgh AlanMcKinnon March2015 Preface Besidesbeingindispensableandbringingsubstantialeconomicbenefits,logisticsis undoubtedlyalsoassociatedwithconsiderablenegativeimpactsonsocietyandthe environmentfromthe related transportoperations andinfrastructure needs.Butat the same time, innovation and deployment of new concepts in logistics can be an instrument for greening the society. Efficiently accommodating reverse-flows logisticsisjustoneobviousexampleofthis. An overarching concept for an advanced, innovative and integrating approach forlogisticandsupplychainisakeycomponentofafuturetransportsystemthatis intelligentandsustainable.Itwillprovideasignificantcontributiontomakingthe transport system more efficient, cost-effective, safe, reliable, competitive and environmentally friendly, in a way that other sectors and the European economy asawholewillbenefit. Advanced and innovative solutions for improving logistics performance and increasingitssustainabilityhaverecentlyattractedincreasingattentionfromindus- try partners, academia and politics for this nontraditional sector. This book addresses main challenges in the area of logistics and supply chain management, and key findings based on solid research, as well as on elaboration of specific businesscases. This book was produced with the kind help and support of the WINN Consor- tium(EuropeanPlatformDrivingknoWledgetoINNovationsinFreightLogistics), ALICE (Alliance for Logistics Innovation through Collaboration in Europe), the EuropeanCommissionandotherresearchinstitutesanduniversities.Wewouldlike to express our sincere gratitude to our colleagues and friends who contributed directly or indirectly to this book, and in particular to Dr. Arjan van Binsbergen (Technical University Delft), Dr. Remco Overwater (DINALOG, Dutch Institute vii viii Preface for Advanced Logistics), Ralph T. Keck (Chair, ALICE), Prof. Rod Franklin (Vice-Chair,ALICE),Prof.HenkZijm(Vice-Chair,ALICE)andSergioBarbarino (Procter & Gamble), Pia Laurila (European Commission, Project Officer of SoCool@EU-SustainableOrganisationbetweenClustersOfOptimisedLogistics @Europe). Breda,TheNetherlands MengLu Brussels,Belgium JoostDeBock Contents LogisticsTrends,Challenges,andNeedsforFurtherResearch andInnovation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 UweClausen,JoostDeBock,andMengLu BusinessModelsforAdvancedICTinLogistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ValentinaBoschianandPaoloPaganelli Future-ProofingSupplyChains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 AlexVanBreedam GainSharinginHorizontalLogisticCo-operation:ACaseStudy intheFreshFruitandVegetablesSector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 ChristofDefryn,ChristineVanovermeire,andKennethS€orensen SchedulingSerialLocks:AGreenWaveforWaterboundLogistics. . . 91 JannesVerstichelandGreetVandenBerghe SupplyChainNetworkDesign:TacklingRegulations,LeadTime andCost-Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 SusanaVal,AdekunleKehinde,AndrewMachado,andCarolinaCipre´s UrbanLogistics:Multi-modalTransportationNetworkDesign AccountingforStochasticPassengerDemandandFreightLogistics. . . 131 NargesShahrakiandMetinTu¨rkay TangoWithouttheDancefloor?TheForgottenRoleofthePublic SectoronLogistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 ReinJu¨riado TowardsaHarmonizedFrameworkforCalculatingLogisticsCarbon Footprint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 AlanLewis Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 ix
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