Sustainable Development of the Lake Baikal Region: A Model Territory for the World

358 Pages·1996·18.836 MB·English

by  L. V. Potapov (auth.), Valentin A. Koptyug, Martin Uppenbrink (eds.)

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2. Environment - Vol. 6
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Sustainable Development
of the Lake Baikal Region
A Model Territory for the World
Edited by
Valentin A. Koptyug
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Lavrentiev Avenue 17
630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Martin Uppenbrink
Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
KonstantinstraBe 110
D-53179 Bonn, Germany
Springer
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop ·Sustainable
Development of the Lake Baikal Region as a Model Territory for the World".
held in Ulan-Ude. Republic of Buryatia. September 12-17. 1994
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Susfainable development of the Lake Baikal region: a model
territory for the world; (proceedings of the NATO Advanced
Research Workshop "Sustainable Development of the Lake
Baikal as a Model Territory for the World", held in Ulan-Ude,
Republic of Buryatia, September 12 - 17. 199411 ed. by Valentin
A. Koptyug ; Martin Uppenbrink. Pub!. in cooperation with
NATO Scientific Affairs Division. - Berlin; Heidelberg; New
York; Barcelona; Budapest; Hong Kong; London ; Milan
Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore; Tokyo : Springer, 1996
(NATO ASI series: Sub-ser. 2, Environment; Vol. 6)
NE: Koptjug. Valentin A. IHrsg.l; Advanced Research Workshop
Sustninable Development of the Lake Baikal as a Model Territory for
the World <l994, Ulan-Ude>; NATO: NATO ASI series I 02
ISBN_13: 978-3-642-64839-7 e-ISBN_13: 978_3-642_61429_3
DOl: 1010071978_3-642-61429_3
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Preface
The Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Sustainable Development of the Lake
Baikal Region as a Model Territory for the World" was held from 12-17 September,
1994 in Ulan-Ude, capital of the Republic of Buryatia of the Russian Federation.
The opening session of the wOIxshop was chaired by Mr. Leonid Potapov, President
of the Republic of Buryatia, and attracted an audience of over 400 people, which
indicated the interest aroused in Ulan-Ude by the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop.
The Russian authorities have proposed that the Lake Baikal Region be considered a
model territory for working out the concept of sustainable development as a follow
up to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio
de Janeiro in 1992. Lake Baikal is the oldest, largest and deepest lake in the world -
the object of great scientific interest and of strong spiritual and emotional significance
to all Russians, and particularly to the people of Siberia. In spite of the pollution
threatening the lake, it is not yet considered to be irreversible. It is for this reason that
the lake appears to be a legitimate candidate for the system of world model territories
for sustainable development. The workshop was devoted to the discussion of the
scientific basis of this project.
The principal aims of the workshop were to consolidate existing data on the current
state of the environment and economy of the region, to develop a system of indicators
for sustainable development, to make recommendations on additional components to
the existing monitoring system, and to consider a legal framework and mechanism
for its implentation.
The recommendations of the workshop covered the following issues: environmental
strategies for industrial development and energy production; best available
technologies and best environmental practice; agriculture, forestry, nature
conservation and landscape planning; eco-tourism; legislative and administrative
support for sustainable development; environment monitoring and control; indigenous
population; education and human health.
Participants agreed that the Lake Baikal Region required an overall regional strategy
for the most important fonns of land use, and also that the number and size of
protected areas should be enlarged. Due to the extent of the Lake Baikal Region it
was recommended that the entire process, from planning to implementation, should
be tested as pilot projects in selected areas. The participants further recommended
that UNESCO should be asked to recognise Lake Baikal as a World Natural
Heritage Site.
August 1995 The Editors
CONTENTS
Introductory Address ........................................................................................... 1
L. V. Potapov, President of the Republic of Buryatia
Welcome Address ............................................................................................... 3
Ch.-D. Budaev, Humbo-Lama, Central Board of Buddhists of the RF
I. Sustainable Development:
General Aspects, Requirements and Indicators
Main Factors Necessitating Mankind's Transition
to Sustainable Development ................................................................................ 7
V. A. Koptyug
Environment as a NATO Priority ....................................................................... 13
L. Veiga da Cunha
The Global Ecological Challenge: Two Years After the Rio Summit ................. 17
M. Uppenbrink
The Buddhist Perspectives of Sustainable Ecological Development ................... 27
C.-D. Budaev, V. V. Mantanov
Interaction Between Economics and the Environment
from the Point of View of Sustainable Development.. ........................................ 33
R. Costanza, A. Voinov
Concepts in Nature Conservation for Sustainable Development.. ....................... 59
J. Schreiner
A Proposal for a Set of Aggregated Indicators
of the Environmental Dimension of Sustainability .............................................. 71
B.Moldan
Economic Conditions and Requirements of Sustainable Development
in General and for the Lake Baikal Region in Particular ..................................... 81
V. V. Kuleshov
Influence of Enviromental Factors on the Health
of the Population of the Lake Baikal Region ...................................................... 91
M. F. Savchenkov, A. A. Maiboroda, S. I. Kolesnikov,
B. P. Lemeshevskaya, V. S. Rukavishnikov, A. K. Tulokhonov
VIII
II. Main Problems of the Lake Baikal Region Development
and the Role of Science and Culture for Their Solution
The Complex Federal Program for the Protection of Lake Baikal
and Rational Use of Natural Resources in the Region:
Mechanisms of the Program's Implementation .................................................. 99
V. Y. Danilov-Danilyan
The Role of the Irkutsk Region in Realizing Sustainable Development
in the Lake Baikal Region ............................................................................... 105
V. K. Yakovenko
Rational Branch and Territorial Structure
of the Economy of the Republic of Buryatia .................................................... 115
A. N. Zhiltsov
Perspectives of Development of the Selenga River Basin
in the Territory of Mongolia ............................................................................ 125
D. Baatar
Characteristics of the Sustainable-development Model
for the Outlying and Contact Zones of the Lake Baikal Basin .......................... 127
B. P. Ivanov, I. P. Glazyrina, A. M. Vozmilov, T. A. Strizhova,
V. F. Zadorozhny
Energy: World Trends, the Situation in the Russian Federation
and Siberia, Recommendations on Sustainable Development
of the Lake Baikal Region ............................................................................... 133
A. P. Merenkov, L. S. Belyaev, V. A. Gorelov, A. A. Koshelev,
B. G. Saneev, A. D. Sokolov, G. G. Lachkov, G. O. Borisov,
V. M. Gorlov, S. V. Kuimov
Mineral Resources of the Lake Baikal Region
and Sustainable Development .......................................................................... 147
E. G. Konnikov, M. I. Kuzmin, V. A. Lbov, G. L. Mitrofanov,
K. Sh. Shagzhiev
Ecological Modernization of Industrial Production .......................................... 155
H. Mierheim
"Castling": A Possibility of Partial Reorganization of the Economy
of the Baikal Region for the Sake of Sustainable Development.. ...................... 171
M. A. Grachev, N. A. Aldokhin, A. N. Suturin, A. P. Sukhodolov
Problems of Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Complex
in the Lake Baikal Region ............................................................................... 181
R. K. Salyaev, V. M. Korsunov
IX
Ecological Modernization of Agriculture ......................................................... 187
Ch. von Haaren
The Role of Scientists in Developing Sustainable Land Use
in the Lake Baikal Region ............................................................................... 203
G. D. Davis
Forest Resources of the Lake Baikal Region
and Perspectives of Their Industrial Exploitation ............................................. 211
E. A. Vaganov, A. Y. Buzykin, M. D. Evdokimenko
Infonnational and Cartographic Support of Sustainable Development
in the Lake Baikal Region ............................................................................... 217
V. V. Vorobyev, A. R. Batuev
Ecologo-Economic Models of the Lake Baikal Region Developrnent.. ............. 229
V. A. Baturin, S. N. Vassilyev, A. V. Lakeyev, A.I. Moskalenko,
1.1. Dumova
Sustainable Development and Tourism.
Ecotourism: A Popular Slogan or a Powerful Tool? ......................................... 243
B. Muller
The International Sector and Sustainable Development
in the Lake Baikal Region ............................................................................... 255
J. M. Stewart
Combining Ecological and Social Studies
in the Comparative Study of Pastoralism in Inner Asia ..................................... 265
D. Sneath
Preservation of the Folklore Monuments and Endangered Languages
as a Major Factor of World Culture ................................................................. 285
A. B. Soktoyev
III. Legislative and Administrative Support of Sustainable Development
International Conventions - Tools for Sustainability ........................................ 291
H. K. Eidsvik
Participation of the Local Population in Area Protection .................................. 297
H. Grimm
Considerations Regarding Nominating Lake Baikal
as a World Heritage Site .................................................................................. 303
B. von Droste, H. K. Eidsvik
Sustainable Development Within Area Protection
and Management of National Parks ................................................................. 307
W. d' Oleire-Oltmanns
x
Political and Legal Base for Nature Protection in a Federalist System .............. 313
W. Krahl
Legislating Sustainable Development: People, Politics and Process ................. 323
G. G. Davis
The Federal Law on Lake Baikal as a Legislative Basis
for Sustainable Development of the Lake Baikal Region .................................. 329
I. I. Maksimova, M. A. Grachev, A. N. Suturin
Principles and Conditions for Implementation
of the Sustainable-development Programmes of the Lake Baikal Region .......... 337
A. K. Tulokhonov
IV. Statement
English ..................................................................................................................... 347
Russian .................................................................................................................... 355
List of Workshop Participants ............................................................................. 363
Introductory Address
L. V. Potapov
President of the Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Dear guests,
Dear participants of the International Symposium,
Two years have passed since the International Conference on Environment
Protection and Development was held in Rio de Janeiro and which was an
important milestone in the history of mankind. This meeting of heads of countries
and governments that took place under the aegis of the United Nations stated that
nature protection is an indispensable component of sustainable development. So it
is only natural that we are now considering this particular meeting as the next
stage of implementation of the decisions taken in Rio de Janeiro. Of course, the
practical implementation of those recommendations has to be tried on some
concrete object. And we are grateful for the fact that the Lake Baikal Region has
been recognised as a potential model territory for sustainable development. We
believe that the recommendations of the Symposium that is being inaugurated
today will allow us, the Republic of Buryatia, and neighbouring regions of the
Lake Baikal Region to find the right balance between the solution of our socio
economic problems and environmental protection. It is especially important for us
who live in the Republic of Buryatia because all our economic activities take
place in the water-catchment area of Lake Baikal.
A month ago, an international meeting of astronauts and cosmonauts was held
here. Right now, an international exhibition "Sibecologia '94" is taking place in
Irkutsk. And this meeting today will be an important stage in the solution of the
urgent problems Buryatia is facing, as well as the Irkutsk and Chita regions.
We always stress that Lake Baikal is the largest fresh-water reservoir of the
planet; meanwhile, the shortage of fresh water is increasing everywhere. Besides,
the Lake Baikal Region is also a unique natural complex. And we must preserve
its uniqueness. This is Russia's and Buryatia's responsibility. It is also the
responsibility of all mankind.
We wish all the participants of the Symposium good health, a pleasant trip to
Lake Baikal and successful work in this field.
NATO ASI Series, Partnership Sub-Series, 2. Environment - Vol. 6
Sustainable Development of the Lake Baikal Region
Edited by Valentin A. Koptyug and Martin Uppenbrink
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996