Sustainable Cities and Military Installations

428 Pages·2014·9.978 MB·English

by  Elisa K. Tatham, Daniel A. Eisenberg, Igor Linkov (auth.), Igor Linkov (eds.)

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - C:
Environmental Security
Sustainable Cities and
Military Installations
Edited by
Igor Linkov
AB3
Sustainable Cities and Military Installations
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
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SeriesC:EnvironmentalSecurity
Sustainable Cities and Military
Installations
editedby
Igor Linkov
UnitedStatesArmyCorpsofEngineers,
Boston,MA,USA
123
PublishedinCooperationwithNATOEmergingSecurityChallengesDivision
BasedontheProceedingsoftheNATOAdvancedResearchWorkshopon
SustainableCitiesandMilitaryInstallations:ClimateChange
ImpactonEnergyandEnvironmentalSecurity
Hella,Iceland
3–6June2012
ISBN978-94-007-7172-7(PB)
ISBN978-94-007-7160-4(HB)
ISBN978-94-007-7161-1(e-book)
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-7161-1
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Preface
Reliableandaffordableaccesstosustainableenergy,water,andservicesisinherent
to the economic and mission success of small cities and military installations.
Acknowledging this, diverse military and civilian organizations are actively pur-
suing locally oriented strategies to address energy source sustainability, energy
and water resource quality and quantity, the use and reuse of natural resources,
andthecapabilityofinfrastructuresystemstomaintainsafe,reliable,andresilient
communities. For example, the US DOD is developing a comprehensive strategy
for energy, water, and waste sustainability at military installations that is expected
to include increased conservation and efficiency measures, alternative fuels and
energy sources, and organizational/behavioral or programmatic features. A key
concern for planners, however, is that climate change and other environmental
stressors may radically impact the efficacy of otherwise sustainable strategies for
these communities. In the face of uncertain climatic change and future resource
availability, small cities and military installations must seek ways to factor future
changes and potential stressors into energy, water, and infrastructure strategies to
minimizevulnerabilityandincreaseoverallresiliency.
TheideaforthisbookwasconceivedattheNATOAdvancedResearchWorkshop
(ARW)on“SustainableCitiesandMilitaryInstallations”heldJune2012inHella,
Iceland.Theworkshopwasattendedby50scientists,engineers,andpolicymakers
representing 15 different nations and multiple fields of expertise, reflecting the
global and interdisciplinary nature of climate and sustainability research. The
workshop focused on identifying ways for military installations and small cities
to integrate energy, water, and infrastructure sustainability strategies into city and
installationmanagementplanninginawaythataccountsforclimateuncertainties.
Discussions centered on the application of current and emerging technologies,
methods,andframeworkstosustainabledevelopment;energyinfrastructure;climate
change; environmental impacts; installation security; and military readiness. The
workshophadfourprimarypurposes:
• Summarizing the state of science related to small city and military installation
sustainability
v
vi Preface
• Sharinganddevelopingstrategies,methods,andframeworksforachievinglong-
termsustainabilityincitiesandmilitaryinstallations
• Defining how energy, water, and infrastructure technologies and management
strategiescanbeintegratedinsustainablemanagementplans
• Identifyingspecificresearchneedsforimprovingsustainabilityandresiliencyin
thefaceofclimatechangeandotherconstraintsandstressors
The organization of the book reflects major topics and discussions during the
workshop. Sections review accomplishments, challenges, and knowledge gaps in
theareasofenergy,water,infrastructure,andintegration.Eachsectionbeginswith
a workshop group summary which reviews principles, ideas, and initiatives that
were discussed during the workshop. The remaining content reflects the diverse
backgrounds and viewpoints of those in attendance. Part I is a summary of the
challenges facing cities and military installations and provides background on the
conceptsofsustainability.Inadditiontoreviewingclimate-associatedimpactssuch
as floods, wildfires, and rising temperatures, which pose extreme security threats
to both militaries and metropolitan areas, this section discusses the complexity of
decisionmakinginthesecommunities.
Part II discusses the challenges facing water resource managers. This section
explores the need for risk management and the roles that value engineering,
community engagement, and big data can play in the integration of the water
and energy sectors. Currently, the primary issues of concern are water quality and
availability and habitat degradation. Key to tackling these issues are the needs to
addresswaterresourceplanningacrossspatialandtemporalscalesandobjectives.
The section also highlights prevalent decision-making processes and the current
stateofwaterresources.
PartIIIsummarizesthestateofthescienceintheenergysectorandexploresthe
need for an integrated systems approach to planning, energy quality analysis, and
long-term, multifaceted energy management solutions. Highlighted in this section
are the Army’s Net Zero program and the potential impact of micro-grids on the
energylandscape.Inadditiontotechnicalsolutions,potentialfinancial,regulatory,
andpoliticalbarriersandsolutionsarediscussed.
Part IV discusses the varied range of vulnerabilities facing infrastructure and
systems integration. Because of the interconnectedness of infrastructures and the
potentialforcascadingeffects,attentionmustbepaidtoidentifying,reducing,and
respondingtopotentialthreats.Multi-criteriamappingissuggested,and,becauseof
thecomplexityofinfrastructuresystems,amulti-andtransdisciplinaryapproachis
encouraged.Infrastructuremodeling,theroleofpoverty,andEuropeancasestudies
arepresentedinthissection.
Climate change and other stressors are expected to alter the environments in
which small cities and military installations operate. To successfully deal with
these challenges, current and emerging technologies, methods, and decision and
Preface vii
managementframeworks,coupledwithresiliencyandincreasedefficiency,mustbe
exploredinthecontextofuncertainty.Thisbookaddressestheseissuesandreflects
theongoingeffortsofsocietytoexaminethechallengesandsuccessesofsustainable
developmentinthefaceofanuncertainfuture.
Concord,USA IgorLinkov
April2013

Acknowledgments
The editors would like to acknowledge Dr. Abou Ramadan (NATO workshop
co-director) and organizing committee members (Drs. M. Goodsite, F. Holcomb,
M. Merad, G. Pe´tursdo´ttir) for their help in the organization of the event that
resultedinthisbook.Wealsowishtothanktheworkshopparticipantsandinvited
authors for their contributions to the book. We are grateful to Elisa Tatham for
her excellent management of the production of this book. Additional technical
assistance in the workshop organization and facilitation was provided by Gordon
ButteandSarahThorneofDecisionPartners.Theworkshopagendawaspreparedin
collaborationwiththeSocietyofRiskAnalysis.Financialsupportfortheworkshop
was provided by NATO. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Army
EngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter,USNavy,USDepartmentofEnergy,
theUniversityofIceland,Nord-Star,NovusEnvironmental,BioengineeringGroup,
DecisionPartners,andLockheedMartin.
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